Journal of Natural Compounds Chemistry
Volume:1 Issue: 1, May 2023

The antioxidant activity of parsley extract obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction method was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging method. A high content of total polyphenols (50.82±1.8mg gallic acid equivalent) GAE(/g dried parsley powder), total flavonoids (42.6±1.2 mg quercetin/g dried parsley powder), apigenin (9.48±0.11 mg/g dried parsley powder), and antioxidant activity (27±0.9% at 100 ppm) were quantified in parsley leaves.The extract was purified by column chromatographymethod, and the apigenin purity was determined to be 86% using the HPLC method. The antioxidant activity of the unpurified and purified extracts containing the same amount of apigenin was 39.7±0.9 and 38.1±0.4%, respectively. This indicates that the antioxidant properties of the parsley leave extract were mostly attributed to the presence of apigenin whose antioxidant activity was well demonstrated.

The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in all countries causing a global effort to discovered rugs or vaccines. The potential of 70 plant origin-flavonoids for inhibition of the main protease of COVID-19 was investigated the molecular docking approach. COVID-19 Docking Server was applied to check the inhibitor activity of the flavonoids in comparison to the native protease inhibitor of the main protease. Results suggest five compounds namely rutin, neohesperidin, poncirin, naringin, and theaflavin. For these compounds, the predicted binding energy was respectively -9.5, -9.2, -8.9, -8.8, and -8.8 kcal/mol in comparison to the -8.5 kcal/mol value for the native inhibitor. The hydrogen bond with residues Ser46, Gly143, His163 and hydrophobic interaction with residues Asn142, Gly143, Cys145, and Met165 are the major interaction between selected flavonoids with the main protease. Anti-GRP78 flavonoids naringin and poncirin are repurposing flavonoids for inhibition of Mpro of COVID-19 that previously their inhibitory effects were appeared by our using invitro analysis for GRP78. Also, rutin was proposed based on the consensus decision-making along with other studies for the inhibitory effect of flavonoids against the main protease of COVID-19.

Simultaneous ultrasound pretreatment extraction (UPE) process was optimized by means of response surface methodology (RSM) to maximize the extraction of the two most famous polyphenols, total hydroxycinnamic acids (THAC) derivatives and total flavonoids content (TFC) as hyperoside, from Iranian White Dead Nettle (Lamium album L.). A 5-level full factorial central composite design was successfully implemented for UPE optimization, in which temperature, extraction time, ethanol percent, ultrasonic pretreatment time and liquid/solid ratio were relevant independent variables. For maximizing the two responses simultaneously, the optimal processing conditions were as follows: 60% ethanol–water (volume-by-volume); temperature, 55 ºC; extraction time, 24 h; liquid/solid ratio, 12 (mL/g); and time of ultrasound pretreatment, 20 min which the desirability factor was 0.780. Statistical analysis and verification test indicate a satisfactory correlation between the experimental data and predicted values.

The genus Anthemis L. belongs to the family Asteraceae, is the second-largest genus in the Compositae family, consists of 39 annual and perennial species distributed all over Iran. According to literature, this species was not the subject of research up to now and therefore its chemical composition is not well known. In this research six samples of Anthemis austroiranica  were collected from Hormozgan province, in 2019. The specimen is deposited in the Central Herbarium of the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. The volatile constituents of A. austroiranica were isolated by water distillation (Clevenger apparatus) and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major components of the aerial partof samples collected from Bandar-e-Abass, Geno Mountain, altitude 2200 meters, were geranyl benzoate 17.94%, γ-eudesmol 16.33%, phenyl ethyl hexanoate 15.33% and n-heptadecane 14.84%. The major components of the aerial part of the second samples from Bandar-e-Abbas, Tang-e-Zagh, altitude of 1000 meters, were linoleic acid 25.24%, geranyl benzoate 23.66%, 7-hydroxy coumarin 10.37%. The major components of the aerial part of the third sample from Bandar-e-Abbas, Geno mountain, altitude 1385 meters, were geranyl benzoate 28.68%, 7-hydroxy coumarin 21.10%, (E)-nuciferol 7.66%. The major components of the aerial part of the fourth sample from Bastak, altitude of 450 meters, were hexadecanoic acid 31.17%, 7-hydroxy coumarin 8.39%, and phenyl ethyl hexanoate 7.44%.The major components of the aerial part of the fifth sample from Bandar-e-Abbas, Geno Mountain, altitude 1600 meters, were geranyl benzoate 24.35%, γ-eudesmol 15.50%, 7-hydroxy coumarin 7.65%. The major components of the aerial part of the last sixth samples from Hajiabad, Sirmand, Tel Mara, altitude 112 meters, were nonanal, dimethyl acetal 33.08%, hexadecanoic acid 6.16%, phenyl ethyl hexanoate 4.01%. Differences in the chemical composition of essential oils of A. austroiranica six regions can be due to differences in altitude in Geno Mountain and its distribution in Hormozgan province, as well as soil type and genetic issues.This research is performed on A. austroiranica, endemic species for the first time in Iran.

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial effect of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of Zataria multiflora on increasing the shelf life of Lavash bread. In this research, hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts of Z. multiflora were added to bread flour at three levels of 1, 1.5, and 2.5 g/kg. Bread samples were baked. Tests for antioxidant effects (total phenol, total flavonoids, and free radical scavenger DPPH), microbial properties (coliform and mold count), and Organoleptic properties. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with SPSS software at the level of P ˂ 0.05. The results showed the total phenol content of hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts was 34.53±3.63 and 26.12±2.11 (mg GAE/g sample) respectively. The results of the total flavonoid test in ethanolic and aqueous extracts were 263.23±10.35 and 221.24±12.13 (mg QUE/g sample), respectively. Comparison with BHT synthetic antioxidants was 88.34±1.81, 82.97±2.01 and 92.35±2.3(%), respectively. The results count of coliforms in Lavash bread obtained from different treatments of ethanolic and aqueous extracts during the shelf life of 10 days in 2% treatment of ethanolic extract with an average of 3.12 Log CFU/g had a lower value, and. The count of mold and yeast in the treatment of 2% ethanolic extract with an average of 5.96 CFU/g was lower. The results showed that ethanolic extract had more effects than aqueous extract. Z. multiflora extracts have significant antioxidant and antimicrobial effects and can be suggested as a suitable alternative to synthetic preservatives.