Journal of Ophthalmic and Optometric Sciences
Volume:5 Issue: 4, Autumn 2021

A powerful immunoregulatory function is provided by the ocular surface microbiome, which contributes to ocular pathogenesis, physiological integrity, and pathogenesis of ocular diseases. Using sodium hyaluronate eye drops (with or without a preservative) as a remedy for dry eye, we contrasted the bacterial communities' diversity and composition on the ocular surface before and after usage.

We randomly divided 16 healthy adults into two groups. From each participant was required to provide a microbial sample at the start and after two weeks of the intervention. After sodium hyaluronate eye drops were administered, diversity and classification differences were compared between the groups.

Results of the present study indicated that there was a significant difference between the bacterial communities in the eyes of the two groups of healthy individuals. Although sodium hyaluronate eye drops (with or without preservatives) did alter the bacterial community, the results of alpha and beta diversity showed no significant differences between individuals or between groups.

Eye drops containing sodium hyaluronate may affect the eye's bacterial community with or without benzalkonium chloride (BAC) levels. Depending on the individual and the eye, these changes may vary.

The ocular microbiota, which includes both commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, is constantly exposed to the ocular surface. It has recently become increasingly acknowledged that the ocular microbiota plays a vital role in maintaining eye health and that interventions, including the use of drugs on the surface of the eye, can potentially disrupt the equilibrium of microorganisms within the eye. One area that has received relatively little attention in the literature is the potential effect of these interventions on the microbiota within the vitreous. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of intravitreal injections on the ocular microbiota of patients, specifically examining changes in the composition and relative abundance of ocular microbes as a result of this treatment.

In this study, two groups of patients were analyzed. Group A included 19 individuals who had not received intravitreal injections or undergone perioperative management. Group B, on the other hand, consisted of 22 patients who had received one, two, or more two treatments. The microbial samples collected from the ocular surface of these patients were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing using the HiSeq 2500 platform. Further analysis of the alpha/beta diversity and clustering of operating taxonomic units (OTUs) was carried out.

Our results show a significant difference in beta diversity was observed between group A (15 patients without intravitreal injections or perioperative management) and group B (patients with at least one, twice, or more than twice treatment) with a P value of 0.014. It was found that both the composition and relative abundance of cells were impacted by perioperative management in the lead-up to intravitreal injection. Additionally, a greater diversity of Gram-negative bacteria was observed and the most significant groups of microbiotas were found to be phyla and genera.

In conclusion, our study found that perioperative management has a significant impact on the ocular microbiota, altering its composition and disrupting its balance. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to carefully consider perioperative management prior to administering intravitreal injections.

Blepharitis is the most common eye disease that can cause problems in the daily life of the patient and his family members. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of daily eyelid washing with tea in the treatment of inflammation and dandruff of the eyelid edge in patients referred to the ophthalmology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital (RA) in Jiroft in 2020.

This study is a double-blind clinical trial that was conducted by non-probability sampling method on 90 patients referred to the ophthalmology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital (RA) in Jiroft. The people who entered the study were randomly divided into 3 homogeneous groups. The first group placed tea bags on their eyelids twice a day for 1 month for 1 to 5 minutes each time. The second group only used Argosol shampoo in the same way and the third group (control) used water for their treatment in the same way. All subjects went to the clinic for examination 1 and 3 weeks after the completion of the treatment and were clinically evaluated by ophthalmologist number 2 who did not know about the type of treatment of the patient. data were analyzed after coding and entering with statistical software SPSS version 26.

The average age of the patients was 40.9 ± 17.5 years. There was a statistically significant difference between the three treatment groups in terms of the average scores obtained in eyelid inflammation and dandruff in the third visit. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of eyelid washing in the treatment of eye itch andthe Argosol shampoo treatment group based on gender.

The results of the study showed that daily eyelid washing with Argosol shampoo, tea, and water is effective in the treatment, and also the difference between the effectiveness of daily eyelid washing and tea with the effectiveness of daily eyelid washing. There was a significant relationship with Argosol shampoo and water in the treatment of eyelid edge dandruff in the second visit.

This study aimed to assess the impact of macular photocoagulation on visual field and nerve fiber layer thickness in patients undergoing treatment for diabetic macular edema.

A prospective interventional case series was conducted, involving 26 eyes of patients with a history of diabetes and clinically significant macular edema eligible for macular photocoagulation. All participants underwent 10-2 and 24-2 Humphrey Visual Field Test using the Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm (SITA) standard strategy, as well as optic nerve and macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and six months after macular laser photocoagulation. Changes in visual field, peripapillary, and macular nerve fiber layer thickness were compared pre- and post-photocoagulation.

The study included patients with a mean age of 57.60 ± 8.99 (range 33-73) years. No statistically significant changes were observed in mean deviation, pattern standard deviation, and foveal threshold during the 10-2 and 24-2 visual field tests after photocoagulation, except for the pattern standard deviation in the 10-2 test.

The findings of this study indicate that macular laser photocoagulation does not have a significant impact on the visual field.

A 26-year-old lady with a severe visual fall was referred to the Basir eye clinic for electroretinography (ERG). She claimed that three years ago she had undergone refractive surgery for her visual acuity fall, and since then she was experiencing gradual visual decay. Herein, the ERG recording showed that she was suffering from retinal dystrophy. Thus, in certain cases, before performing refractive surgery, an ERG-mediated retinal examination is suggested for achieving the desired outcome.

A 25-year-old lady was referred to Basir eye clinic for the visual evoked potential examination. Her medical history showed she had endometriosis and epilepsy, for which she used dienogest and carbamazepine. Certain drugs produce visual disturbances, which can be diagnosed based on the visual evoked potential examination.

Structural glaucomatous changes occur more frequently in the earlier stages of glaucoma than functional defects, so we should give special care to optical coherence tomography (OCT) importance as the best current method. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) change detection is more useful in early glaucoma, the ganglion cell complex (GCC) in moderate to advanced glaucoma, while the visual field test is more useful in advanced stages, but overall, using a combination of RNFL, optic nerve head (ONH), and macular thickness measurement modalities is recommended for glaucoma evaluation because each parameter may be affected earlier than the others so, considering the findings from the RNFL, ONH, and macula enhances early diagnosis of glaucoma.