Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences
Volume:6 Issue: 9, Sep 2023

Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in women, accounting for 25% of all cancers. Radiotherapy is one of the safest methods compared with other treatments. In this study, 8 patients with left breast cancer underwent the radiation therapy. After simulating the tomographic data of breast cancer patients, treatment planning was performed in the treatment planning system, and then the clinical target volume and the planned target volume were determined. The mean CI (1.162 ± 0.011) in Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) was significantly lower than CI (1.173 ± 0.28) in Volumetric Arc Radiation Therapy (VMAT) (P ≤ 0.02), indicates that IMRT technique had lower CI which means better dose conformity within the PTV. Also, the mean HI (0.696 ± 0.333) in VMAT was significant compared to IMRT, the mean HI (0.558 ± 0.288) (P ≤ 0.04), the results on better PTV dose distribution by using VMAT technique. Planning target volume (PTV) was consistent with indicators and PTV coverage value (97.563 ± 1.471) in IMRT and (96.677 ± 1.018) in VMAT, means that the PTV coverage was better by using IMRT technique rather than VMAT. The mean dose to left breast was (42.118 ± 0464) prescribed dose. Ref. vol. CC, D2%, and D98% were received (736.898 ± 235.140), (4618.931 ± 107.658), and (3765.475 ± 71.195), respectively. IMRT method is one of the new cancer treatment techniques that in comparison with other methods by accurately targeting cancer cells and tumors, it has the least impact on healthy tissues and reduces the side effects as much as possible.

Transmission prevention is important to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Although most cases are transmitted through droplets and aerosols, several studies have shown the possibility of transmission through fecal material. It is important to identify which patients are more likely to shed SARS-CoV-2 to raise awareness of the virus transmission via their feces. This study aims to determine the association of clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 patients with the SARS-CoV-2 detection in feces. From May to December 2020, fecal specimens from confirmed COVID-19 patients were collected, processed, and tested for the SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence. Clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their feces. Categorical variables were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact test, whereas non-categorical variables were analyzed using Independent T test and Mann-Whitney U test. From 51 COVID-19 patients of whom fecal specimen were collected, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in the feces of 26 (50.9%). The SARS-CoV-2 presence in the feces was associated with cough (p=0.002), dyspnea (p=0.017), bilateral pneumonia (p=0.011), lower SARS-CoV-2 CT-values in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs (p=0.015), and clinical severity (p=0.0023). In conclusion, several clinical characteristics contributing to the COVID-19 severity and higher SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the respiratory tract were associated with the SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in feces.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs), are very effective agents in relieving mild to moderate pain and inflammation by inhibiting two isoforms of prostaglandin G-H synthetase (I and II). In the present work, anthranilic acid derivatives' electronic and physicochemical properties are reported utilizing quantum chemical calculations that use the density functional theory (DFT), which forecast physicochemical properties. To clarify the type of chemical composition, drug-likeness, and cyclooxygenase inhibitor, ADME and molecular docking were used. The molecule was highly electrophilic and relatively stable from a quantum chemical computation perspective. The contour maps of HOMO-LUMO and molecule electrostatic potential were examined to display the charge density distributions that might be related to the biological activity.

The aim of the current study was to determine the system perception for reporting patient safety incidents among workers in the field of health care, evaluating the factors affecting it, and working to improve it in Palestinian governmental hospitals. This study used a cross-sectional design and a survey based on a quantitative approach, in which data and information were collected from 103 participating healthcare providers (28 physicians and 75 nurses) from four government hospitals. Descriptive statistics were used, and data were examined and entered in SPSS, version 24. The most important conclusion of the study is that the opinion regarding reporting cases is equal for healthcare providers, as there was no significant correlation between the demographic characteristics of healthcare workers and their perception and attitude toward reporting, where there was also no significant correlation between the healthcare providers' perceptions and their attitudes and their participation or non-participation in the reporting system for patient safety incidents.

Humanitarian emergencies including disasters associated with natural hazards, conflict, complex emergencies, and famines can pose significant risks to public health, especially when they lead to population displacement into inadequate conditions. To reduce the risk of communicable disease (CDs) outbreaks in such situations it is necessary to know the key risk factors. In recent times, communicable diseases are the number one cause of disability and death around the globe. The communicable disease can be controlled by creating awareness of the symptoms and types and possible risk factors. Given that the relevance, especially for the paramedic staff of various hospitals was considered. As we know due to the internal dynamics of the nature of work these paramedic staffs have to pass a lot of stress and untimely eating habits along with other unwanted habits especially male paramedics like cigarettes, and alcohol, etc. The purpose of the study was to examine awareness level on Communicable Diseases (CDs) among paramedics in the private healthcare sector in India. The analysis for CDs done for decoding the awareness level in three parameters such as symptoms of CDs, types of CDs, and risk factors of CDs, by taking three important pillars of paramedics: nursing practitioners, physician’s assistants, and emergency medical technicians. In the beginning 34 variables were identified, however, after the pilot study and core group discussions, the number of attributes for the CDs restricted to 24 only. The results show that in the case of CDs, there is need for improvement of awareness among the respondents for symptoms and mixed results for other factors.

Seven novel benzimidazole and phthaloylamino acid derivatives were synthesized. In the presence of acetic acid, the phthalic anhydride reacted with benzidine in a cyclization reaction to obtain the biphenyl of 7 products. Likewise, when phthalic anhydride is reacted with different amino acids including D-glycine, D-alanine, and D-valine under solventless and fusion conditions using an oil bath, the N-phthaloylamino acids 1a to 1c were obtained. These were, in turn, reacted and again in a cyclization reaction with o-phenylenediamine (OPDA) under reflux conditions in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid affording their corresponding benzimidazole derivatives 2a to 2c. The last compound 3a was synthesized in the existence of benzidine and acetic acid. The structures of synthesized complexes were identified by chromatographic, 1H-NMR, and mass spectrometry. The melting point and other physicochemical properties were found in this investigation. The biological screening of the products was made to evaluate and prove their antibacterial importance.

The adsorption of alkali metal ions on zeolite has no such possibility of precipitation. In the current work, we have studied the adsorption isotherms, and the effect of pH and temperature on the adsorption of alkali metals (Li+, Na+, K+) onto Jordanian zeolitic tuff (phillipsite and chabazite) using batch adsorption method. Fitting the data using the competitive Langmuir adsorption model indicates that adsorption capacity of Li+, Na+, and K+ are 4.9, 3.4, and 2.7 mmol/g, respectively. The results showed that adsorption of alkali metals on zeolite decreases with increasing pH and temperature which is a distinct behavior from that of heavy metals. The ΔH values of adsorption process are -85.6, -23.4, and -41.5 kJ/mol for initial concentrations of K+, Li+, and Na+, respectively. The calculated ΔS values are -0.285, -0.081, and -0.132 J/mol.K, for the same list of metals, respectively. The negative and decreasing entropy values associated with the adsorption process indicate that zeolite may encapsulate alkali metal ions in pores rather than ion exchange. The current investigation suggests the possible use of natural zeolite for seawater’s desalination by trapping alkali metals in the pores.

The leading cause of death for children under the age of five years old worldwide is pneumonia. The assessment of illness progression and clinical stage is necessary for the management of healthcare resources and the provision of efficient treatment options. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MMIF) is an inflammatory cytokine that, when produced, causes macrophages to release additional cytokines, including as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin IL--1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12, resulting in a significant inflammatory response. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) is a crucial chemokine involved in a number of clinical situations, such as endothelial dysfunction, cancer, respiratory infections, and cardiovascular illnesses. The aim of this study was to examine the levels of MMIF and MCP-1 in patients with pneumonia and compare them to those in healthy controls to determine whether there may be a relationship between the severity of the disease and its results. MMIF and MCP-1 levels were substantially greater in pneumonia patients than in controls, and they were also significantly higher in patients who did not survive as opposed to those who did. The Pediatric Critical Illness Score (PCIS) and the Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) scores were significantly positively correlated with both indicators. A significant positive connection between MMIF and MCP-1 was observed. The severity of pneumonia and prognosis for patients are directly correlated with MMIF and MCP-1.

There has been a general uptick in the number of people diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) worldwide, which has led to a commensurate rise in the need for oral medicine in developed nations. Oral medicine bridges the gap between dentistry and medicine, and many illnesses and conditions that cause orofacial discomfort have traditionally been related to psychiatric conditions and disorders. Participants in the study were required to have a diagnosis of major depressive disorder and to have been getting therapy for at least two weeks before starting the study. There were 49 patients in this group. The participants in the control group were all in good health and showed no indications or symptoms of having a systemic disease. There were 34 people in this group. To conclude a diagnosis for each individual, the most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) was used (DSM5). The results of t-test indicated no significant difference in the levels of salivary cortisol between the study group and control group (p > 0.05); this was the conclusion reached by the test. On the other hand, the salivary alpha-amylase levels were significantly greater (p > 0.05) in MDD patients compared to control subjects. There was a highly significant difference (p <0.001) between MDD patients and control participants. MDD patients had significantly higher scores on FAI and a much higher prevalence of TMD than healthy controls. In conclusion, it was shown that patients diagnosed with MDD had higher alpha-amylase levels in their saliva.

Patients with severe and critical COVID-19 may exhibit sepsis and mortality resulting from multi-organ failure. Neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR) values, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE-II) scores were used to assess the risk of mortality in sepsis patients resulting from severe COVID-19 infection. The adequacy of NLR, CRP, SOFA, and APACHE-II scores were evaluated as predictors of mortality in septic COVID-19 patients at Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang, Indonesia, between August 2021 and July 2022. The subjects included severe and critical COVID-19 patients who fulfilled the WHO interim guidelines and Sepsis-3 criteria. A total of 211 patients were included, which were divided into survivor (n = 116) and non-survivor (n = 95) groups. NLR values, CRP levels, SOFA, and APACHE-II scores were measured within 24 hours of patient admission. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors for COVID-19 mortality. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to predict the mortality of severe COVID-19 patients. The results indicated that the APACHE-II score was an independent predictor of mortality in sepsis patients resulting from severe and critical COVID-19.

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological interventions in pregnant women complaining of nausea and vomiting because identifying safe and effective ways to manage these symptoms is important to improve health outcomes for both mother and fetus.This semi-experimental research was performed on (n=123) pregnant women referred to Erbil's main healthcare centre from December 2021 to September 2022. People were divided into three groups and the PUQE criterion was used to evaluate the severity of muscle cramps, vomiting, and nausea.In the ginger group, acupressure group, peppermint oil group, and B6 group, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the mean and the mean number of hours of nausea (p<0.001). Vomiting frequency (in the previous 24 hours) dropped considerably from day zero to day four (p<0.001). The variations between day zero and all subsequent days were statistically significant (p<0.001).Likewise in the B6 group, a significant decrease in the number of throwing times per day (p<0.001) and a significant reduction in periods of retardation or dryness (p<0.001) were observed.The results revealed that the ginger group had the greatest change in puqe score, followed by the acupressure with oil group, and the B6 group had the least improvement (p<0.001). According to the findings, administering vitamin B6, ginger, and acupressure with peppermint oil can reduce the intensity of nausea, vomiting, and dry retching during pregnancy from moderate to minor.

COVID-19 has presented numerous epidemiological and clinical pictures from its beginning and much effort has been paid to detect the behavior of disease and its new types.  Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the in-hospital survival time of Delta and Omicron variant patients admitted to the intensive care unit. This was a secondary data analysis of the QCOVICU data registry of 200 COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU of Shahid Beheshti-Amir Al-Momenin Hospital of Qom City, in 2021. Likewise, time to event data, demographics, and baseline laboratory data was collected.  Time of transfer to ICU, survivals, and possible predictors of hazards of death was compared within the variants of Omicron and delta. Two hundred patients (62.98±19.94 years old, 94 females/106 males; 100 Delta and 100 Omicron variant) participated in this study. Fifty percent of the population had died. Cross-tabulation showed comparable death rates among variants of delta and omicron (50.5% vs. 51%; p=0.999). There was a statistically significant higher time to ICU admission in Delta variant victims than in Omicron variant victims. The mean survival time of delta variant patients was 21.52 days (95% CI: 17.96 – 25.09) which was statistically higher than the mean survival of omicron patients (17.15 days, 95% CI: 13.65-20.64, p=0.018). The mean survival time of delta variant patients was ‎statistically higher than omicron patients (21.52 vs. 17.15 days, ‎p=0.018). Gender, age (years), and lymphocyte count were significant predictors of mortality based on the Cox regression analysis (P>0.05). There was a 5.9 times higher risk of mortality in females compared with males’ gender after adjusting for other variables and a 5.6% increase in death risk with a 1-year increase in age, and a 31.8% decrease in death risk with a 1% lymphocyte percentage increase. Critically patients with Delta variant are getting ICU admitted later and withstand more days at ICU than Omicron patients. It seems that Omicron variant causes sudden deterioration of the patient's condition.

Nutritional shortages and acute malnutrition are caused by insufficient protein and calorie consumption. With severe short- and long-term morbidity and death, malnutrition is a serious public health concern. In cachectic situations, the peptide ghrelin level raises making people more hungry. Life protein deficiency changes crucial neurotransmitters, including serotonin, and the brain redox status that underlies neurobehavioral expression. This study aimed to determine whether the combination of Curcuma xanthorrhixa Roxb. and iron supplementation regulates serotonin and ghrelin expression. This study employed a true experimental posttest-only control group design. The study subjects were 25 male Wistar rats divided into five groups. Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Rhizome extract at 80 mg/kg BW/day and elemental iron at 0.054 mg/kg BW/day were administered orally for 14 days after malnutrition induction. The differences between the groups before and after the completion of study interventions were calculated. Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. rhizome extract groups with elemental iron and combinations did not differ significantly in ghrelin levels. (p=0.88, Kruskal-Wallis H test). Serotonin levels did not differ between the groups (p=0.84, Kruskal-Wallis H test). Elemental iron, Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., and the combination treatment did not alter the expression of serotonin or ghrelin. More studies are required on the effects of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., elemental iron, and a combination of these factors to reverse the effects of malnutrition. Further research is required to utilize higher macronutrient diets and supplements after malnutrition induction.

Based on the core unit of chloroquine, new types of N-heterocyclic compounds that are fused together have been made. The compounds were put into two groups. In series A, the five-member hetero-rings were directly connected to the core unit, while in series B, the CH2 group was used to make the five-member ring more flexible (series B). Using the Gaussian 09 programme, the DFT method with hybrid correlation functional (B3LYP) and 6-311 (d, p) basis sets were used to figure out how to optimize and measure the quantum chemical properties of molecules. The molecular overeating environment (MOE) programme is used to study molecular docking. The binding of flexible compounds shows that AC8, AC10, AC3, and AC5 have the strongest binding affinities compared to the other candidates, while the rigid molecules ARC10 and ARC6 have the lowest binding affinities. In general, the results of the binding affinity showed that the drugs and receptors being studied might have anti-Covid-19 properties. Likewise, the flexible compounds AC8, AC10, AC3, and AC5 had the lowest Ki values of those made and could be used as a treatment. Our virtual physicochemical evaluation of all compounds in series A and B showed that all of them met the limits for molecular weight, lipophilicity (MLogP 4.15, the octanol-water partition coefficient), and water solubility. In addition to MR, the number of H-bond acceptors and the PSA were both within the acceptable range. It seems that the number of rotatable bonds is the only physicochemical property that separates the compounds in series B. The scores of compounds AC3, AC4, AC7, AC8, AC11, and AC12 are outside the acceptable range when compared to the results of chloroquine as the parent compound.

Malaria resistance to artemisinin combination therapy has prompted researchers to explore anti-plasmodium materials. One of the marine biotas thought to have the potential to inhibit the development of malaria parasites (Plasmodium sp) are black trepang and curryfish. These two marine biotas consist of two varieties of sea cucumbers with various therapeutic benefits. However, their antimalarial effects have not been studied. Two marine biotas, black trepang and curryfish extract, were analyzed using in vitro screening to determine their antimalarial activity. The experiment was done through in vitro screening technique (culture medium containing P. falciparum). P1 was a negative control; P2 was a positive control/using chloroquine as an antimalarial; P3 was a group that received black trepang extract) and P4 was a group that received curryfish extract. Measurements of parasitemia levels, growth percentage, inhibition rate, and IC50 were performed to determine the antimalarial activity. The antimalarial results suggest that increasing the dose of marine biota extract reduces the parasite development rate and increases the inhibition rate. In line with IC50 analysis, both marine biotas have high antimalarial activity. Curryfish extract has a lower IC50 value than black trepang extract. The study demonstrated that black trepang and curry fish have high antimalarial activity.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the common cause of death due to a single infectious agent. MTB culture is still the gold standard for TB diagnosis. For optimal care of pulmonary TB, effective decontamination methods are required to isolate and identify MTB. The simpler Kudoh decontamination/culture method swab was compared with modified Petroff to isolate mycobacteria from sputum specimens. A total of 15 sputum samples were collected from patients with Xpert MTB/RIF assay-confirmed pulmonary TB. The samples were processed with both decontamination methods. Each sample group was inoculated directly on the Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) and the Middlebrook 7H10 agar medium. The growth of contamination, recovery rate, and detection time were observed in both media. Out of 15 samples, the contamination rate on the LJ by both methods was 2 (13%), respectively, whereas the Middlebrook 7H10 by both methods showed 1 (6.6%). The recovery rate on the LJ was 13 (86.6%) by the Kudoh method and 14 (93.3%) by the modified Petroff method, while 13 (86.6%) showed positive culture on the Middlebrook 7H10 by both. In this study, positive culture results using the modified Petroff technique showed more colony growth than the Kudoh technique, indicating more viable MTB colonies than the Kudoh technique. Petroff modification technique shows the growth of the number of colonies more than Kudoh technique, but the Kudoh technique shows the results of positive culture that is no different to the recovery level even though the number of colonies that grow in less Kudoh technique.

Lung ultrasound score (LUS) is a semiquantitative assessment tool that has been proposed to assess lung aeration changes in mechanically ventilated patients after therapeutic interventions. In anaesthetized patient, LUS not only detects intraoperative atelectasis, but it also correlates with perioperative oxygenation impairment. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and degree of atelectasis in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery using LUS score. Total patients selected in our study were 60 aged between 18-60 years who underwent laparoscopic surgery under general anaesthesia. According to the lung ultrasound protocol, a total of 12 areas were divided and scanned in both hemithorax at four-time intervals preoperative period (T1), immediately after intubation (T2), before extubation (T3) and one hour after extubation (T4). The image was assessed by anaesthesiologist experienced in lung ultrasound based on modified lung ultrasound scoring system. LUS at all four-time intervals were compared. We observed an increase in total LUS score T3 and T4 time period compared with preoperative (T1). LUS scores at posterior quadrants 5 and 6 on either side also increased at T3 & T4 time period (p<0.001). The incidence of atelectasis was 6.6%, 6.6%, 78%, and 80% at T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. No change in hemodynamics and oxygen saturations were observed in all patients at various time periods. This study concluded that incidence and degree of atelectasis was found to be higher in the dependent lung zones as demonstrated by lung ultrasound score in adults undergoing laparoscopic surgeries under general anesthesia.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) poses a significant problem for the global public health with high morbidity and mortality rates. HIV/AIDS cases in Indonesia, the country with the fifth highest risk of HIV/AIDS in Asia, continue to increase. A decrease in CD4 levels indicates an increase in the opportunistic infection rates of HIV patients. In addition, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) can serve as the basis for bacterial infection, infection rate, and antibiotic therapy. This observational analytic study applies a retrospective cross-sectional design and aims to observe the correlation between bacterial and fungal profiles of clinical specimens and the CD4 cell counts and the NLR values of HIV/AIDS inpatients at Dr. Soetomo Tertiary Referral Hospital from September 2021 to August 2022. A total of 192 bacterial and fungal identification test results from 76 patients were collected, consisting of 83.3% bacterial culture tests, consisting of 52.5% negative cultures, 12% gene expert TB tests, and 4.7% fungal culture tests. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli ESBL were the highest numbers of Gram-negative bacteria found in this study, amounting to 51.33%, followed by Streptococcus viridans, the highest number of Gram-positive bacteria found in this study, amounting to 48.67%. A total of 34.2% commensal bacteria and 21.05% Multi-Drug Resistant Organism (MDRO) bacteria were also found in this study. The gene expert TB tests resulted in 73.9% undetected M. tuberculosis, while the fungal culture tests resulted in 88.9% Candida albicans. Furthermore, there was no correlation between the bacterial and fungal profiles from clinical specimens with CD4 counts or NLR values in HIV/AIDS-infected patients.

The aim of study was to synthesize new products of sulfonamide compounds containing azo and Schiff base fragments and confirm the structures by 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, as well as to investigate the antibacterial activities against medically important Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacterial strains. Novel sulfonamides derivatives S1, S2, S3, A1, A2, and A3 were synthesized and tested with staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as against Candida albicans fungi. Molecular docking was used to study the theoretical binding of the compounds with some selected proteins. It was found that compounds S1, S2, and S3 have more potent activity against the three types of microorganisms as compared with A1, A2, and A3. Against Candida albicans, it was found that compounds S1 and S3 gave the best activity, 21 and 20 mm, respectively. Antibacterial activity showed that compound A2 gave the best activity (34 mm at 1000 µg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus. Other compounds S1, S2, S3, A1, and A3 gave very good activities against the same bacteria, 29, 13, 29, 28, and 28 mm, respectively, at the same concentration. Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that the compounds S1 gave the best inhibition zone (25 mm) at 1000 µg/mL, whereas compounds S2 and S3 showed good potent activity (15 and 20 mm, respectively). Molecular docking studies showed that free binding energy (S) of the compounds against S. aureus using protein 1JIJ were -7.15 to -8.60 kcal/mol, whereas free binding energy (S) using 5V5Z fungi protein gave the values -7.10 to -8.22 kcal/mol. Schiff bases gave good activity against the selected microorganism species compared with azo compounds. There is clear correlation between the activity of the compounds and their molecular docking through the high negative values of free binding energy.

HMs (HMs) are important pollutants in the environment. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of nickel(II) adsorption process by Silica Airgel-Activated Carbon Nanocomposite (SAACN). Initially, by central composite design method, 30 runs of the experiment based on the range of independent variables including pH 2-6, contact time (CT) (20-100 min), adsorbent dose (AD) (0.1-0.5 g/L), temperature (TEM) (303-343 °K) and nickel(II) concentration (2.1 mg/L) was designed for real samples of industrial wastewater. Next, using synthetic samples with different metal concentrations, the kinetic and isotherm models as well as thermodynamic parameters of Ni(II) adsorption process on SAACN were evaluated. Finally, the obtained raw data were analysed by Design of Expert (DOE Ver.8) software. The results showed that increasing the parameters of pH, AD, CT, and T increase the SAACN performance in Ni(II) adsorption. In addition, certain conditions including AD=0.5 g/L, CT=100 min, T=343 °K, and pH=6 cause Ni(II) adsorption up to 99.5% by SAACN. In addition, the adsorption process of Ni(II) by SAACN is more consistent with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. According to the thermodynamic results, the aforementioned process is spontaneous, endothermic, and irreversible. According to obtained results, SAACN is an efficient and appropriate adsorbent for the removal of metals from industry.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), one of the most common reasons for infertility in terms of anovulation, influences 4–7% of reproductive women. This study aimed to compare the impact of Nigella sativa + black pepper with Letrozole + Tamoxifen as a treatment for infertile women with PCOS. 90 PCOS infertile women aged 18 and 42 who were sent to an infertility clinic took part in this randomized, double-blind and clinical experiment. Patients were split into intervention and control groups at random. Letrozole and Tamoxifen were utilized in the control group. In contrast, Nigella sativa and black pepper were employed in the intervention group (from the third to the seventh day of the menstrual cycle). Throughout therapy, transvaginal ultrasound measures such as ovarian follicular size, number, and endometrial thickness were monitored, and the medication regimen was maintained according to these characteristics. In the intervention and control groups, the pregnancy rate was 22 (48.8%) and 5(11.1%), respectively (p=0.021). On day 12 of the menstrual cycle, there was a significant difference between the two groups endometrial thickness, dominant follicle size, and the number of follicles (p<0.05). The incidence of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) did not significantly vary between the two groups (p>0.05). Increased pregnancy rates are finally brought on by the favorable effects of Nigella sativa and black pepper on the size of dominant follicle and endometrial thickness. Consequently, despite the necessity for standardization by the applied research laboratory of medicinal plants and further clinical trial research, we advise using this low-cost, low-side-effect regimen to treat infertile PCOS patients.

Gas station workers who are continuously exposed to gasoline/diesel smoke, are at high risk of causing respiratory problems. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of respiratory disorders in gas station workers in Erbil City, Iraq. All (146) of the petroleum outlets in Erbil City overseen by the Ministry of Natural Resources were the subject of this cross-sectional descriptive study. A researcher-made checklist with four sections-Socio-demographic characteristics, a checklist of respiratory disorders' signs and symptoms to evaluate the frequency of respiratory symptoms, auscultation of the chest to evaluate any abnormal breath sounds, and peak flow meter to evaluate peak expiratory flow rate-was used to gather data. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Most of the employees (54.1%) were between the ages of 23 and 27 and were unmarried (65.5%). The most frequent symptoms were listed in the symptoms part as a common cough, typically clear-out sputum when awake, loss of breath when walking quickly on a level surface or when ascending a moderate incline, and a wheezing sound in your chest. Wheezing was detected in 189 of the employees (37.7%), while rhonchi was detected in 71 (14.2%). Gas station workers in Erbil are exposed to gasoline and vapors produced while filling cars and smoke from cars. It was also proven that workers used poor protective measures despite their knowledge of the adverse health effects of gasoline.

Thyrotoxicosis is hypermetabolic states that is not always associated with hyperfunction of thyroid gland and can present a problem in diagnostic differentiation. We have tried to prove that performing thyroid scintigraphy with (99m) Tc pertechnetate immediately after the first minute of intravenous injection enables the differentiation of Morbus Basedow and Plummer's disease from other diseases of thyroid gland. A total of 120 patients were included in this prospective study, 50 of them diagnosed with hyperthyroidism, while the other 70 showed no signs of hyperthyroidism. Dynamic scintigraphy lasting 20 minutes was performed in all patients. Static images of thyroid gland were taken immediately after the 1st and the 20th minute of the study. The dynamic study showed that thyroid blood flow index in patients with hyperthyroidism was approximately the same as that of patients without hyperthyroidism. The uptake capacity of (99m) Tc pertechnetate at the end of the first minute was 6 times higher for thyroid of patients with Basedow's disease and Plummer's disease compared to the other patients (p<0.05). The sensitivity and negative predictive value of scintigraphy in identifying Basedow and Plummer disease immediately after the first minute of the study were 100%, while the specificity and positive predictive value were 98.57% and 98.04%, respectively. The results of our study have shown that in cases of hyperthyroidism, it is sufficient to perform only scintigraphic images of thyroid gland immediately after the 1st minute of intravenous application of (99m) Tc pertechnetate.

A blockage of the blood vessels feeding the area causes ischemia, which is defined as a localized absence of blood flow. If an organ is not getting enough oxygen and blood flow, such as the heart, or brain it is said to be ischemic. To describe the progress made in the detection, characterization, and prediction of cardiac ischemia using Machine Learning (ML)-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) processes including together Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). In the relatively recent past, the use of machine learning algorithms in the area of cardiology has increasingly centered on image processing for the goals of diagnosis, prognosis, and type identification analysis. The main objective of this study was to improve Nuclear Cardiology (NC) images for cardiac ischemia patients using Image Processing techniques. Clinical research is being significantly changed by the AI application. Through the examination of very big datasets and the recent convergence of potent ML algorithms and rising computer capacity, it has been shown that experimental categorization as well as prediction may be improved through examining extremely high-dimensional non-linear features. Machine learning is improving the identification of perfusion abnormalities in myocardial ischemia and predicting adverse cardiovascular events at the patient level.

Females of childbearing age often suffer from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a hormonal condition. Symptoms including insulin resistance, high androgen levels, irregular menstrual (estrous) cycles, and polycystic ovaries are linked to this condition. The study's objective is to determine the therapeutic effect of Tinospora cordifolia stemextract and Alkaloid Rich Fraction against continuously Light Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Sprague Dawley (SD) female rats. Animals were grouped into six groups where the control group received only distilled water and the standard group received Clomiphene citrate 20 mg/Kg. The test groups received Tinospora cordifolia Stem Extract (200 mg/kg b.w and 400 mg/kg b.w) and Alkaloid Rich Fraction (10 mg/kg b.w and 20 mg/kg b.w) for the period of 4 weeks after PCOS induction. The results showed a significant reduction in elevated testosterone levels compared to that of the PCOS group (Light Induced Group (L/L 24 hrs Continuous), but follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), insulin levels reported significant increase compared to that of the L/L PCOS group (Light Induced Group (L/L 24 hrs Continuous) and increased expression of INSR gene and restoration of melatonin levels. From the results, it was concluded that High doses of Tinospora cordifolia Stem Extract (400 mg/kg b.w) and Alkaloid Rich Fraction (20 mg/kg b.w) could be effective against Continuously Light Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Rodents it has due to decreased testosterone levels and increase insulin sensitivity by up-regulating INSR gene expression followed by restoration of melatonin levels. After treatment period a significant decrease in elevated LH levels, testosterone levels, and a significant increase in insulin and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels when compared to the L/L PCOS group (Light Induced Group (L/L 24 hrs Continuous), as well as increased INSR gene expression and restored melatonin levels.

A simple, sensitive, precise, and accurate reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the dissolution study of Tofacitinib in Tofacitinib tablets dosage form. The mobile phase for the method was made by combining ortho phosphoric acid and acetonitrile in an 85:15 v/v ratio in a triethylamine buffer with a pH of 3.5. Using a stationary phase column, the separation was accomplished. Waters X-Bridge shield RP-18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5), column temperature and sample temperature were both kept at ambient levels, and the injection volume and runtime were 20 µL and 12 minutes, respectively. The UV detection occurred at 215 nm, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Tofacitinib's retention period was shown to be 7.2 minutes. ICH guidelines were followed in the method's validation. The accuracy, reproducibility, and consistency of the suggested procedure were discovered.

In this work, the chance of the microcapsules development by layer-by-layer adsorption of biopolyelectrolytes was investigated on the cores of inorganic (particles CaCO3) and polymer nature (polystyrene particles). We have assessed the size of got microcapsules, their shape, and quantitative yield. Fucoid (F) was utilized as a high atomic weight polyanion, and ox-like serum egg whites (BSA) was utilized as a high subatomic weight polycation. The cores expulsion was completed by bringing down the pH of framework to 4, on account of a carbonate grid, or by cleaning out using tetrahydrofuran, on account of polystyrene transporters. It was tracked down that the idea of network used to frame microcapsules influences the level of protein fuse and the yield of polyelectrolyte particles.

One of the important risk factors for diabetic patients, including foot ulcers, is lack of blood sugar control, the standard criterion for which in the long run is the HbA1C measurement. Therefore, we examined the relationship between serum hemoglobin A1C levels and severity of diabetic foot ulcers according to Wagner criteria. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The target population was diabetic patients referred to the hospital, who were admitted to the infectious ward due to diabetic foot ulcers. Hemoglobin A1C levels were determined in all subjects. The severity of diabetic foot ulcers was then assessed according to Wagner criteria. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26. In this study, 84 patients were included in the study, of whom 39 were female (46.4%) and 45 were male (53.6%). Out of 84 patients, 2 (2.4%) had grade 1 Wagner, followed by 10 (11.9%) grade 2, 24 (28.6%) grade 3, 35 (41.7%) grade 4, and 13 (15.5%) grade 5. The mean HbA1c of patients was 9.24±1.87. Its mean in grades 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were 7.35 ± 0.35, 8.38 ±1.072, 8.73±1.12, 9.06 ±1.24 and 11.64 ± 2.93%, respectively. Elevated HbA1c was significantly associated with males (P = 0.038) and insulin use (P = 0.038), while elevated HbA1c was not significantly associated with age, duration of diabetes, underlying disease, and BMI (P> 0.05). HbA1c level is a good criterion for evaluating the ulcers incidence and predicting the progression of diabetic foot ulcers in patients. By controlling HbA1c in the normal range and observing hygienic conditions, the occurrence and progression of diabetic foot ulcers can be prevented.

Athletes and bodybuilders frequently utilize vitamins and anabolic hormones. Utilizing these substances, gymgoers can achieve their goals faster by consuming a combination of supplements and hormones boosts benefits. The current study was conducted to determine the possible adverse effects that several commonly used hormones and supplements may have on hematological and biochemical markers. Ninety people who participated in the research were split into three groups. The first group consisted of healthy people who were not athletes (control), the second group consisted of bodybuilders who did not use hormones and supplements (non-supplementary athletes), and bodybuilders who took hormones and supplements made up the third group (supplementary athletes). Here, hematological, liver function, and renal function parameters were investigated. Hematological parameters such as white blood cells (WBC), Lymphocytes (LYM), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and haematocrit (HCT) percentage change significantly between the groups. Similarly, the statistical change in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total serum bilirubin (TSB) level indicates the influence these substances have on the liver function. Serum urea and serum creatinine values reveal decreased renal function in group I. Mixed usage of supplements/hormones has more damaging effects on consumers' health.

Comorbidity and mortality are high among people with type-2 diabetes. Globally, diabetes is a major health issue, with a growing number of patients at risk of complications. A change in lifestyle is leading to an increase in diabetes prevalence. International Diabetic Federations (IDF) reports rank diabetes fourth among leading causes of death. Young adults are more likely to develop type-2 diabetes in Asia, where prevalence is on the rise. During the data collection period, most of the responses opined that diabetes is the mother of all the health related diseases. Concerning the relevance of the topic, we tried to focus the gap areas which are identified during the literature review. They are health related, psychological, and economic challenges which are encountered by the diabetic patients among the investor community in India. To address this issue, we tried to decode these challenges in the study areas. For this purpose, 187 responses were collected over six months by adopting snow ball sampling. This includes urban, rural, and semi-urban areas of Odisha. 37 variables were initially identified but finally after core group discussion and pilot study, the same being restricted to 30 only. This includes 13 for the health related sub variables, 11 for psychological variables, and rest were economic variables. For data analysis, perception score method and rank method used. The findings of the study are in case of health related challenges, sexual life, kidney issues, and foot ulcer are the major concern among the respondents. For the psychological challenges, feeling of more dependency on others, adverse comments of friends and relatives, depression, and anger are the main challenges. Similarly, for the economic challenges meeting medicine charges, consultation fees, and cost of healthy food are the major challenges.