نشریه مطالعات نقد زبانی و ادبی
پیاپی 23 (زمستان 1401)

The purpose of this research is to investigate how and the extent of Mirza Arjamand Azad Kashmiri's artistic use of words related to musical instruments. The method of descriptive-analytical research and the statistical population of all the verses of Masnavi Delgashanamah is. The result of the research shows that free knowledge in the field of music was mostly related to the appearance and sound of those instruments. In this research, we have mentioned the words and musical terms used in the Masnavi of Delgoshanamah along with the number of verses and examined them from artistic and rhetorical aspects. First, we have introduced each instrument, and we have dealt with image creation, thematization and expression of the poet's goals in using musical instruments. According to the studies done, the frequency of string instruments in this work is mostly in the part of the saqinamehs which were written in the historical-religious epic Delgoshanameh, and it fits perfectly with the theme of the saqinamehs, which is lyrical and lyrical, as well as the frequency of some percussion instruments such as kos, Drums and trumpets are more related to the subject of Masnavi, which is epic

The current research deals with the issue of conceptual metaphor in Shivan Foomai’s poem in the framework of cognitive semantics. The method of conducting this research is descriptive-analytical. Metaphor has been considered as an important topic in the field of linguistics and literature. Nowadays, with the development and expansion of linguistics, conceptual metaphors as a mental and linguistic process have been the focus of linguistics, especially cognitive linguistics. Conceptual metaphors have played a major role in the imagination and discourse of poets, perhaps this effect is greater in the poems of Gilani poets due to the diversity of nature. This article examines the conceptual metaphors of nature in Shivan Foomani’s poetry to show that Shivan was greatly influenced by his surroundings, which is the nature of Gilan. All three types of ontological, structural and directional metaphors have been observed in Shivan Foomani’s poems and the use of these metaphors was to achieve poetic architecture. The researcher deals with this article due to need of today’s civilized societies with naturalistic approach and the fact that modern lives are influenced by conceptual metaphors, and examines the way humans view nature in literary works.

Gill Blass's biography is a four-volume French novel by Alain René. This novel has been translated by one of the greatest translators named Mirza Habib Isfahani. The story of Gill Blass is one of the most popular French folk tales In the form of social realism, it reflects the political, economic, and cultural issues of the society of the author's age as a mirror of the whole. One of the main axes of any society is its writers, who in their works reflect the virtues and virtues of societies. The mission of the translators of the works is not to change the cultural identity of the works during the translation and to make them the same as in the original text. Include in your writing with minor changes. This article is an analytical-descriptive method and using the library resources of the folkloric issues of the Lossage era, which is evident in the novel by Gill Blass ,It has examined and shown that both the author and the translator have reflected on political, social and cultural issues in their writing. The result of the research shows that some cultural components are rooted in the collective patterns of societies and are common in different societies; But there are also components that are specific to a particular community. Translation of non-Persian works acquaints Persian speakers with common issues in different societies and causes modeling and cultural development of societies. Throughout the history of Iranian literature, it is clear that these translations from foreign languages, in the age of awakening, have caused Iranians to become aware of their cultural identity, to revive their rights. As a result, it has followed feminist movements in Iran.

In recent years, dealing with the topic of gender and expressing gender differences that are sometimes hidden in language and sometimes found legitimacy and public expression is one of the issues that has received a lot of attention. In this regard, many important works that have been created so far in this field are all influenced by Simone de Beauvoir's understandingof the other concept of women's existence.; De Beauvoir's description of the structure of gender as a cultural product and not as a biological essence, as well as his attention to the other social existence of women, has been very important for feminist theorists. It analyzes the historical and economic history of women and men and describes the processes and discourses that cultures use in societies to construct and maintain the conceptual distinction between femininity and masculinity. In Iran, the book "Service and Betrayal of Women" by Shahla Zarleki is one of the few works that have beenpublished in recent years on the issue of gender and femininity. Investigate the biological and social status of women. In this research, an attempt has been made to examine and criticize the mentioned book and the opinions of the author with an analytical-critical view The result of the research shows that Shahla Zarleki, with a different and essentialist look at the issue of gender and gender identity and the re-editing of femininity, becoming a woman and constructing ideological femininity, is at the opposite point of the views of de Beauvoir and contemporary feminists.

Narratology is one of the important topics of literary criticism that originated from structuralism. Gerard Genet's theory of narratology examines the narrative from the five dimensions of order, continuity, frequency, aspect and tone. One of the functions of this theory is to describe and examine the time intervals between the action of the narrative and the events. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is a great masterpiece of Persian language and literature, which stands out among the few mountains of this literature. Shahnameh contains various stories that Ferdowsi narrated based on original sources, for this reason it can be well analyzed from the perspective of Genet's narratology. This research has investigated narratology in the story of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh Shahnameh by analytical-descriptive method and using reliable library sources, and it shows that all five elements of this theory have a strong presence in this story, in terms of order and Continuity can be said to have order and time-lapse (traveling to the past and future), it has continuity and single-axis frequency, which is explained by the omniscient third person and sharp tone and rhythm.

The Layzangi dialect is in many linguistic aspects similar to the Lurish dialect, though still distinct from it. Since a great number of the inhabitants of Layzangi believe themselves to have originally come from various points from across the vast land of Iran, a kind of cultural integration can be observed in this rural community. Hence, this dialect can be conceived of as an amalgamation of several dialects and accents, but whose Lurish features are more perceptible. This study focuses on simple verbs in Layzangi dialect, investigating hundred and nine such verbs. Among the many results obtained were that there is a high number of verbs in this village and that the past and present roots of these verbs has led to numerous linguistic generations. In addition, the speakers of this village obtain the past and present forms in various ways, indicating that each of the families have come to settle in that village from different areas, bringing with them the cultural and linguistic features of their own native lands. Moreover, due to the pervasiveness of phonetic changes such as assimilation and elision in the Layzangi dialect, many infinitives and verb roots have features that are specific to this dialect.