نشریه مطالعات فضا و مکان
پیاپی 2 (زمستان 1401)

Free surfaces are one of the requirements of contemporary architecture. Owing to the emergence of these surfaces, the configuration of Girehs in Islamic architecture became incompatible with them. The traditional structural principles of Girehs expand two-dimensionally, whereas free surfaces expand irregularly and three-dimensionally. Gireh-work is considered one of the original and identity-giving decorations in Islamic architecture. To identify and develop contemporary architecture and past architectural achievements, it is necessary to find a strategy for projecting Girehes on free surfaces based on historical authenticity. The Islamic architecture of Iran has had many valuable achievements that can be applied to contemporary architectural challenges. In Iranian Islamic architecture, the dome and Gireh decoration play a crucial role, so the Iranian architect has tried to match these two elements using the geometric features of the dome and Gireh. As part of a qualitative research process, two examples of Iranian domes have been selected and analyzed with a descriptive-analytical approach in order to answer the following question: how Gireh’s geometrical principles on domical surfaces can be applied to contemporary free surfaces? In order to project Gireh onto the dome, a network based on radial gore segments was used as part of the projection technique. Transferring Girehs based on this network causes congruence homogeneity. Topological models of free surfaces are based on NURBS lines, making it possible to discretize and define the points on them. This makes it possible to apply anisotropic congruence transformation to Gireh projections on free surfaces.

With industrialization of cities and incorporation of new technologies into modern life, humans have been driven towards sedentary lifestyles, which has, in turn, led to emergence and intensification of dangerous health problems such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and … which is followed by increasing reference to therapeutic and educational centers. Architects have introduced environmental psychology as an effective tool to alleviate the anxiety caused by attending educational and therapeutic centers and have investigated the effects of its components on training and recovery of clients. The population of the present study included some educational-therapeutic centers and the required data were collected from relevant library documents and texts. Speaking of methodology, the present research falls into the category of correlational and inductive reasoning studies. The results suggest that incorporation of environmental factors such as nature and green space, light and illumination and scenery into educational-therapeutic environments for the purpose of improving education, empowerment and self-care principles can have positive effects on temperament of clients and consequently create a sense of vitality and belonging ( as the basic premise of the present article) in addition to reducing the disease progression rate and its complications which could in turn contribute to the disease control, this approach can create a sense of peace of mind in clients and help them return to society. Therefore, the results indicate that some architectural design patterns used in educational-therapeutic centers can not only meet some needs of clients, but can provide the ground for their social interactions and create a sense of vitality in them.

The study of Finnish architecture from the early to contemporary period is the subject of this research, the importance of this issue is that how to create a link with the past architecture of Finland, which has an ancient history of traditional architecture, has always been considered as one of the challenges of its contemporary architecture. And the purpose of this research is to know how factors such as materials, local materials and cultural aspects influence the formation of the historical periods of this region. The main question of the research is, what was the role of these factors in the formation of these courses? Descriptive-analytical and historical-interpretive research methods have been used with targeted sampling of the works of prominent architects of each period and their analysis. The data was collected in the form of documents and libraries. The independent variable of the research is nature and local materials, cultural currents, traditions and nationalist movements, and the dependent variable is Finnish architecture. The statistical population and sampling method is quota. The results of the research show that the historical periods of Finnish architecture before independence were influenced by Swedish and Russian architecture and neoclassicism, neogothic, eclectic, national and art nouveau styles, and after independence, Nordic style and modernist movements and in the reconstruction period after World War II has been the government's policies. In the period of contemporary architecture, three types of trends were formed under the influence of the works of Alvar Aalto, Pauli Blomstedt and Reima Pietilä, in which, in addition to historical and geographical factors, the surrounding nature and local culture also played a very important role in the continuation of tradition in the works of the present era.

wayfinding behavior in the urban space under the influence of information received from the environment, including location identification in terms of position and correct perception of spatial relationships between environmental elements, makes it easier to determine the route. Different people use different strategies in wayfinding according to environmental conditions and individual characteristics, and also the wayfinding behavior of women and men in urban space is different. It is also effective in the perception process of how to recognize the environment, and different cognitive factors influence the wayfinding behavior of men and women. Emotional intelligence is one of the influential factors in the field of psychology and can be related to factors such as self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management and navigation. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the wayfinding behavior of women and men with an emphasis on emotional intelligence. The research method in the present study is descriptive-analytical, and in this regard, field observations, questionnaires, and site visits were used to collect data. Based on the size of the community in Sajjad neighborhood, using Cochran's formula, the sample size was calculated to be 296 people, and the questionnaire was completed in the form of targeted sampling among men and women. Data analysis for the effect of emotional intelligence on routing has been done with inferential statistics tests in spss software, and after checking the normality of the data based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the correlation matrix of the variables, checking the correlation coefficient of the wayfinding variables of men and women, t-test analysis has been The results indicate that the wayfinding behavior of women and men is different and women use route and sign knowledge in wayfinding , women control less anxiety and worry in the wayfinding process and also have less self-awareness than men. Also, women feel more intimacy and empathy in communicating in wayfinding, but they have problems in managing stress and have low ability, and in contrast to men, they use the knowledge of coordinates and wayfinding in navigation. Also, men's stress management is high, and men's self-awareness and self-management are higher.

In the past, commercial spaces have grabbed the audience's attention and are one of the most dynamic urban spaces. The cities' traditional markets (bazaar) are one of the most prominent examples. Today's shopping centers and commercial spaces have their roots in ancient markets. Today, these centers have turned into multi-purpose commercial complexes, and this variety of activities has added to the vitality of these spaces. The present research aimed to investigate commercial complexes' quality and vitality components. The research hypotheses state that paying attention to the physical aspects of architecture in a commercial complex effectively improves the vitality component, increases the presence of people, and increases their satisfaction. On the other hand, increasing the dynamism and vitality level in commercial complexes significantly stimulates the sense of audience presence and social interactions. The research method is descriptive, analytical, and survey, and the data collection tools include documentary studies and written sources, objective observations, field observations, and questionnaires. The highest relative frequency and standard deviation were taken from Spss 20 software to analyze the main components of each variable. The results show that in commercial complexes, attention should be paid to the objective physical and conceptual aspects of perception to achieve social interactions that lead to dynamism and vitality. Using the components mentioned above in a complex is effective on the quality of spaces, stimulates people's sense of presence, improves social interactions, and will be effective in satisfying people.

The temporary settlement of the affected population is a process that requires the identification of suitable spaces for the settlement of the population, planning, management and providing appropriate solutions before and during a possible earthquake. Region 3 of Tehran municipality is a prone area for earthquakes and the presence of faults affecting the vulnerability of Tehran city, including Masha faults, North Tehran fault, and Ray fault, as well as the influence of faults in and around the region, including Mahmoodieh fault, Davodieh fault, Telo Bayan fault, and Xian and Kausar increase the risk of earthquakes in this region. This issue has shown the necessity of crisis management and the discussion of locating optimal spaces for temporary accommodation, especially green and open spaces after an earthquake to provide assistance and accommodation to citizens. Therefore, the issue of locating, determining urban spaces with the ability of temporary accommodation and providing a suitable pattern of accommodation by considering the effective spatial parameters and factors is considered the most important goal of this research to manage the crisis after the possible earthquake of Tehran in region 3. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and its research method is descriptive-analytical. In this regard, previous studies have been examined using documentary and library studies, a conceptual framework and a review of experiences. This research was done by qualitative and quantitative data analysis and by identifying the criteria and principles of locating temporary settlements and weighting the criteria through a pairwise comparison matrix. Hierarchical AHP method has been used to locate existing open spaces.

 The research is an investigation of stylistic methods and the extraction of common features in the works of contemporary Iranian architecture. Stylistics is one of the methods of simplifying and categorizing works. With the aim of extracting such commonalities, the question of this paper: "If there are commonalities between stylistic methods in contemporary architectural writings, what is their number and composition?" and the hypothesis of this paper: "the existence of common methods and their categorization in contemporary architectural stylistics" are among the pillars of the research. Extracting and achieving a coherent structure for the stylistics of contemporary Iranian architecture based on the patterns used in the authored texts of this field and presenting a comprehensive theoretical model for categorizing the works of contemporary Iranian architecture. The research identifies the main factors after library study and categorization of 30 contemporary authored works and after examining the commonalities and differences of stylistic methods. It is a qualitative research with an interpretative strategy, which explains the background of stylistic commonalities in contemporary Iranian architectural works with the historical method and the use of inductive-deductive reasoning. By summarizing the documents and using stylistic common points, an eight-fold classification for the stylistic methods of contemporary architectural texts is explained, which is very complicated in comparison with similar stylistics. Among these, we can mention the simplicity of (Donald Newton Wilber) and (Mohammad Karim Pirnia)'s style. Compared to historical stylistics, narrative stylistics based on non-architectural and unwanted events is very complicated and ambiguous.