فصلنامه مطالعات محیطی هفت حصار
پیاپی 43 (بهار 1402)

The concept of intermediate space conveys meaning concerning inside and outside ideas. Regarding the existing policies in Kerman City, we witness building block arrangements without considering the significant components. These components are categorized into three domains of human factors, environmental factors, and Isovist. One of the main concerns of the designers for interstitial space design of residential complexes is the inaccessibility of the residents before designing. Paths are the link spaces between the pedestrian and the rider and the buildings bound to the open space body. The intestinal space plays a fundamental role in the quality of the place. In the background of environmental studies, it has been said that the capability of responding in each environment is related to its design dimensions and impacts the satisfaction and quality of individuals' lives. Since the research background in environmental design shows that the physical features of residential open spaces could influence the desirability rate of the residents' route and impact their social quality of life, we decided to evaluate the readability of the intestinal paths. This study seeks to answer this question: how much are the results obtained from the synergy of visual, qualitative, and quantitative indicators with the method of mingling in the structure consistent with the particular configuration of the residential complex's interstitial spaces?

The research method is a mixed method, including a survey research method based on evaluating the residents of three residential complexes based on assessing the visual and perception quality and using a scholar-made questionnaire and analysis in SPSS software with a statistical population content of 90. Also, in the complementary section, the analysis of isovist components was performed using the Deptmap software.

The results showed that the subsets of human and environmental components and isovist each are effective in various levels of in-between space and the domain of route legibility one of the most important concerns of the designers for designing the in-between spaces of residential complexes is the lack of access to the residents before designing, and What is the result of consistent with the visual, qualitative and quantitative incremental indicators mixed in the structure and spatial configuration of the intermediate spaces of the residential complex, This study aims to notice the psychological aspects and increase the qualitative level of the mentioned spaces and find spatial elements and features which facilitate the process of routing in the blocks interstitial space.

In pre-operation evaluation when the designer doesn't access the user, space arrangement analysis may be used for raising the quality of the residential in-between space design in visual respect, and noticing this subject before construction causes the efficiency and effectiveness of the route framework in the routing behavior. Also, the human, environmental, and visual components that are in balance with each other may obtain maximum environmental optimality and in this regard, the proposed strategies are provided.

 Commercial complexes have grown significantly in big cities of Iran, in the last decade and are important for various reasons such as large scale and wide range of visitors. As there are interactions between globalization and regionalism, some viewpoints on the critique of the design of commercial complexes and malls, due to technological advances and the conditions of globalization, make these centers similar and repetitive elements in the world and promoters of consumerism. While some other viewpoints, for reasons such as branding strategies and the economic growth of these centers, emphasize a unique and context-dependent identity. The purpose of this study is to explain the intertextuality of the architecture of commercial complexes by reading the relationship between the architectural works of this field and its contemporary or earlier works in Iran and the West. This study also seeks to find out the types and dimensions of the use of intertextuality in the architecture of contemporary commercial complexes.

 The methodology is based on Saunders Research Onion. The research philosophy of the present study is interpretive epistemology, the research approach is a qualitative, and the research strategy is content analysis. It is also explanatory in terms of the type of results. Data gathering was done by document- library information and field survey, and the method of data analysis is descriptive and inductive analysis. The samples studied in this study are a selection of contemporary commercial complexes in Iran.

 The results show that in the intertextual reading of architectural works, the continuity of texts with each other and the effects of interaction and confrontations between globalization and regionalism are evident. The intertextual levels can be classified into "strong/weak" and "explicit/implicit" and the Hypertextualite "imitation/change". The results also show that the use of intertextuality in the architectural form of commercial complexes and malls in Iran is in the form of historical, geographical, and cultural representations and imitations or adaptations of the works of prominent Western architects. From a semiotic point of view, by considering commercial complexes and malls as controlled cities, one can observe the growth of collages of Simulacrum that are a reproduction of other spaces and a manifestation of the use of intertextuality in these centers.

 The analysis of the selected examples in this research makes it clear that the most important influential sources in the design of commercial complexes are the two fields of "historical and cultural background of Iranian architecture" and "contemporary Western architecture". Also, the way texts are related in the architectural design of commercial complexes can be classified into three main areas: "representation", "palimpsest " and "collage of simulacrum" and includes a range of historical, geographical representations, popular fashions, and diverse styles of western architecture. Depending on the type of design of each example (commercial complex), the intertextual levels of the works can be analyzed into weak/strong, explicit/implicit, and imitation/change types.

The concept of resilience has been taken into consideration in many scientific circles in the following years following the occurrence of disasters. Resilience is a multi-faceted concept that tries to avoid damage caused by disaster. In the meantime, special policies have been focused on the physical dimension, and several attempts have been made to reduce the risks caused by hazards by strengthening the tissue. This is if the uncertainty of the type and severity of risks, the occurrence of human-origin crises, as well as the consideration of communities in facing disruptions and recovery conditions, has pushed the focus of attention to the social dimension of resilience. Meanwhile, a lot of research considers socio-demographic characteristics such as ethnicity, gender, age, and education as a factor in reducing social resilience due to some concepts. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of socio-demographic characteristics on social resilience.

In order to achieve the goals of the research, the neighborhood of Naser Khosro, which is part of the marginal neighborhoods of Isfahan City and is close to the framework and objectives of the research due to its demographic and social characteristics, has been selected and investigated as a study sample of the research. The descriptive-analytical research method was used to obtain additional data from the questionnaire. The statistical population of the research was estimated to be 375 people using Cochran's formula and with an error rate of 5%, and linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data.

The results indicate that there is no significant relationship between gender and social resilience, and the variables of age and education have a negligible effect on social resilience. In other words, age and education explain 7 and 8% of the variance of social resilience, respectively. Also, examining the relationship between each ethnic group and social resilience also shows no relationship or very little relationship with social resilience.

In general, the results of this research, in addition to showing the lack of significant relationships or the very low impact of demographic-social characteristics on social resilience, indicate the capacity and potential of children and elderly people, women, people with low education and different ethnicities, as well as a positive role and impact. It is that each of the mentioned strata and groups can leave a mark on the resilience of communities as well as facing and dealing with threats and improving and recovering the conditions. It is also important to mention that the purpose of this research is not to negate the effect of characteristics and some demographic-social limitations on the level of social resilience, but rather to fill the role and capacities of each of the different strata and groups and to apply them in confrontation and confrontation. It is with accidents and threats.

Considering the importance of stress management, which is a pivotal component of emotional intelligence (EQ), the present century has underscored the profound impact it holds on the well-being and psychological health of children. Children, being the most vulnerable demographic in society, necessitate exposure to social interactions during their formative years, a period critical for their mental, physical, and social development. This underscores the need for an environment conducive to children's expression of novel thoughts and abilities. With a substantial portion of their formative years spent at educational institutions, the undeniable influence of environmental factors on their stress levels becomes evident. Consequently, this study aims to identify the most potent environmental determinants that enhance emotional intelligence and stress management skills in children, thereby mitigating stress and enhancing their comfort levels within elementary schools.

The methodology employed in this research encompasses a Delphi survey. Following a thorough review of literature and documentary sources, a researcher-designed questionnaire was formulated. This questionnaire delves into the environmental elements impacting the emotional intelligence and stress management of children attending elementary schools. The target population comprises experts and faculty members specializing in architecture and psychology within universities across Iran. Employing the snowball sampling technique, participants were selected, resulting in a sample size of 24 experts after reaching theoretical saturation. Subsequently, utilizing open and axial coding techniques and establishing a goal-content table, a researcher-developed 52-item questionnaire was completed by the experts. Finally, the outcomes were extrapolated through Q-factor analysis, exploring the interplay between the identified components and research variables.

The article presents data analysis encompassing descriptive and inferential statistics. The initial focus is on descriptive findings, including characteristics such as age, gender, field of study, and educational level of the respondents. In the section pertaining to inferential findings, the data collected underwent analysis using the Q factor analysis method facilitated by SPSS software. In pursuit of attaining the intended factor arrangement through varimax factor rotation, the loadings of factors with a more uniform distribution were extracted and regarded as the principal components. Outcomes derived from the Delphi technique identify six core components influencing children's emotional intelligence and stress management: a child-centered environment, a secure and safe environment, a flexible environment, an attractive and exciting environment, a predictable and legible environment, and a sensory-stimulating environment. 

The findings illuminate that, as perceived by experts, a child-centered environment, a secure and safe environment, a flexible environment, an attractive and exciting environment, a predictable and legible environment, and a sensory-stimulating environment collectively contribute to enhancing children's emotional intelligence and stress management capabilities. These mechanisms encompass resilience, a sense of security, adaptability, attractiveness, predictability, and sensory stimulation, respectively. Taking these factors into consideration, it is possible to create an educational environment in which children can address their emotional and social needs and unleash their inherent capacity for growth.

Childhood is the most important period of human life. Children interact with their surroundings to develop and flourish their physical and mental abilities. Today, trying to provide suitable environments for children has become one of the major concerns of architects. Increased insecurity in cities, increased construction and housing, and a decrease in houses with yards have reduced play space and ultimately the mobility of children. In recent years, a large part of children's entertainment and leisure time is spent watching TV and computer games, causing a change in children's play space and mobility, and ultimately reducing their mobility. With the outbreak of Coronavirus, followed by the closure of schools and the reduction of children in contact with each other, the construction of urban spaces for children according to the needs and creativity of children, not only for mobility but also for social life. And it leads to learning many useful activities and discovering their creativity. This study aims to investigate and identify the effective environmental components, including space construction, in promoting children's motor intelligence and prioritizing environmental components to improve children's motor intelligence.

This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method; First, articles and books related to motor intelligence have been studied, then by observing the behavior of children in summer and autumn at different hours of the day, two movements of children have been studied from two parks of Shadi park and Noshirvani park in Babol. Due to the prevalence of corona during the research and the absence of children in outdoor play areas, access to children was low, so the frequency of research and observation of children's behavior was higher. The validity of the research was based on the Trinity technique. In such a way, two experts with expertise in child psychology and experience working with children, after completing the observations and analyzing the data, have checked the correctness of the method and results. 

The research results in these two parks show that all children have motor intelligence and can be improved. Children have motor intelligence and the ability to work with objects. They use and move their limbs when playing, talking, or doing any activity. They perform very well in theatrical works and sports. They are good at opening and closing parts of an object and perform well in balanced games.

According to the obtained components of this intelligence, which include spaces with sequences, groups, spaces that arouse children's curiosity, and spaces that increase balance and movement in children, children's motor intelligence can be improved. Since the environment has a great impact on promoting children's motor intelligence, designing and constructing urban play spaces and providing a school environment, teaching in different ways (such as performing plays and conducting practical experiments to better understand the lessons) and games in school have a significant effect on promoting children's motor intelligence.

Nowadays, due to the complexities in the issues and extensive changes in the world of architecture, the benefit of creativity in design is felt more and more. However, the important point is the issues that are faced by architecture today with these developments, which are different from the challenges and issues of previous eras. As a result, this condition requires a unique procedure for dealing with issues so as to create creative works. The necessity of conducting this research is to pay attention to the effect of creativity and its strengthening in the way of individual or group attention. The aim of the present research is to measure the level of architectural creativity at both individual and group levels to develop the desired strategy in creativity education and strengthen it, achieving the desired results in the area of the architecture profession.

In this study, the collected data and materials will be examined with a descriptive-analytical method, and finally, we will analyze the results of the test by drawing diagrams using the quantitative data extracted from the test in the educational environment. This study is applied in terms of purpose. Moreover, the Delphi method was used to extract the factors of measuring and evaluating the design method as "individual or group" and the design product.

Based on the findings of the research, measuring the method of facing the issue of architecture (group method), which can be called a method fitting the current complex structure of architecture, after measuring the (individual) method and receiving its results, as controlled and imposing limitations to confirm its validity in subjects with the same subject of the individual method and the same individuals as a group showed; taking advantage of the group method, in which individuals simply get together to carry out architectural design, is not only positive but according to what was seen in the test, it also leads to a decrease in creativity compared to the individual method.

The results of the research showed that the scores for measuring and evaluating the level of creativity in the designed product in the group method, in groups that pay attention to the variables affecting the group, including size, diversity, cohesion, and communication system, and so-called synergy methods have occurred at a higher level than the scores in an individual method. It should be considered that synergy will occur when there is a set of conscious, coherent, and coordinated efforts by people to achieve a common goal(s) by which the promotion of creativity appears to be one of its consequences. However, it is obvious that architectural design relies on individual taste and creativity as well as group synergy and support for common ideas. Therefore, it appears that, in addition to focusing on the individual level, it is essential to pay attention to the ways of cultivating creativity at the group level in the area of education planning.

Environmental pollution caused by the high consumption of fossil fuels has caused adverse consequences for human health and life. These pollutions are increasing day by day due to the consequences of urban life and the widespread use of all kinds of cars. Buildings, as one of the major consumers of energy resources, play an effective role in this situation. The unprecedented increase in the number of buildings, especially in cities, exacerbates this trend. Applying appropriate measures to reduce the use of fossil resources in cooling and heating the interior spaces of the building can lead to the adjustment of these adverse consequences. One of the effective solutions in this field is the proper orientation of buildings according to the climatic conditions of each region, in order to obtain the maximum natural benefit from environmental power and solar energy and reduce the burden of fossil energy consumed by buildings. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of building placement at different geographical angles on the amount of fossil energy consumption for cooling and heating the interior of a building, so that by finding the best possible angle for building placement in Hamadan city in a practical way in order to reduce the dependence of buildings on fossil fuels and the reduction of pollution caused by their consumption, including electricity and gas, were achieved during different seasons of the year.

First, the geographic location of the sample was determined. In the next step, the weather data related to Hamedan City was obtained and entered into the design-builder program. ASHRAE Standard sample space was considered the basic model in Hamadan city. In the next step, a 3D model was created and the physical characteristics of the space were defined in the Design-Builder software. Then, by gradually changing the angle of the geographical location of the model in different seasons, energy consumption was analyzed under each of the mentioned angles.

The findings show that by changing the angle of the model, the amount of energy consumption for cooling and heating the indoor space changes throughout the year and provides different numerical values for each of these cases at different angles. This number shows different values for the cooling and heating of a specific building based on the time period and season under review.

the geographical orientation of the building towards the angle of 100 degrees in Hamadan city puts the amount of energy consumption for heating at the lowest value compared to other angles. Accordingly, the energy consumption for cooling is at its lowest value in the orientation towards the 269 angle. Therefore, for each period of time, the optimal angle specific to that time can be defined for the establishment of the building.

Thermal comfort in semi-hot and dry climates is one of the main factors for the presence of people in open urban spaces. The present research seeks to achieve a greater presence of people and reduce heat stress for the comfort quality of the micro-climate of the garden. Each of the artificial components of Jahathe n Nama Garden and the effective climatic conditions, has dealt with all of them. Thermal comfort has always been one of the main factors in architecture and urban planning, and among the solutions that respond to climatic conditions, we can mention the Iranian gardens, which have had a great impact on modifying the climatic conditions of the environment since ancient times. Elements that cause human comfort and have natural and artificial dimensions and components. Due to this issue, the Iranian garden model has created green and pleasant spaces for comfort and tranquility and the presence of people, which has been able to make the climatic conditions of the environment livable, desirable, and pleasant.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and, in terms of method, qualitatively and quantitatively simulated with Envi-met 4 basic software, which is selected by selecting eight points in the garden, on the first of July by comparing them with the PET thermal comfort index between points. Therefore, the research is based on two strategies of logical reasoning, library analysis on the one hand and quantitative measurement based on ENVI-met 4 basic simulation software. On the other hand, the effective components such as (the location and structure of the garden, and materials) are compared between the mentioned points. Ross data analysis was performed at 9 am, 12 noon, and 5 pm on the 1st of July, the hottest day of the year in the afternoon.

By examining the models (change of materials and orientation), the comfort conditions of the garden are improved and the change of orientation of the garden is more effective than the change of materials. Also, the average radiant temperature has the greatest effect on thermal comfort. R1=0/73  R3 = 0.70, R5 = 0.74, and R7 = 0.74 indicate their correlation. The artificial components of the Jahan Nama garden greatly affect the thermal comfort of the garden in hot seasons. 

 As a result, the choice of materials and proper orientation leads to controlling the rate of absorption of air temperature and circulation, which reduces heat stress. In the end, the research findings show that the synergy of the components of the Iranian garden in hot and semi-arid climates increases the thermal comfort in the microclimate of the garden and in creating urban open spaces with quality and optimal energy consumption Warm seasons and physical and mental health and reduction of heat stress are very important and the research findings are presented as a model that shows the synergy of these components to provide outdoor thermal comfort.