Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Jan-Feb 2022

Leachate is a major problem created from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills and is considered the worst source of surface water and groundwater pollution. Kwashe industrial area as one of the most fast developing and polluted industrial area in Kurdistan region with many factories has a large solid waste separation factory that receives approximately 900 tons of municipal solid waste, out of which about 50% is organic kitchen waste. Samples of leachate were randomly collected from different sites downward drain of landfill and treated by aeration and filtration processes over a month. The results revealed that the soil was affected highly by soluble salts like Na and K from landfill; consequently, the electrical conductivity was 6.37(ds/m), 6 folds greater than the acceptable ranges. The primary treatment of landfill leachate by aeration and filtration reduced all heavy metals to acceptable ranges except Fe and Al, which remained relatively high over allowable ranges because the behavior and reaction of heavy metals in leachates is complicated as many acids are formed during the acidogensis of organic waste biodegradation that increases the solubility of these cationic heavy metals. The extractable forms of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sodium, and lithium are within acceptable ranges, which indicated not being enough to cause a threat in deteriorating soil and environmental chemistry. The results also showed that there was a close correlation between landfill leachate content of heavy metals and soil content affected by this leachate of Zn, Fe, Cu, Al, and Co at (P ≤ 0.01), but the soil downward landfill leachate fortunately did not reach the hazardous limits of their content in heavy metals and also did not exceed the standard ranges in soil.

Condensation of salicylaldehyde with D-alanine and L-serine was carried out to obtain Schiff bases and treated with various metal chlorides to form metal complex derivatives. The metals chlorides used for the preparation of metal complexes derivatives were copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, and zinc, respectively and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC-MS. Hence, a total of ten metal complexes derivatives was synthesized and screened for some tested bacterium organisms like Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi. The synthesized metal complexes derivatives showed significant activity compared with Schiff base and ciprofloxacin used as standard. The synthesized metal complexes derivatives showed a good effect on the selected antibacterial strains, indicating that the activity was depending on the structure of the compound. Amongst the selected five metals, cobalt showed the good antibacterial activity followed by other metals in dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent. The Schiff bases synthesized also showed significant antibacterial activity.

Veterinary chemicals are pharmaceuticals or treatments that are used in cattle to treat or prevent disease, injury, and pests. Livestock survival and productivity would be severely reduced without veterinary drugs, especially for intensively maintained animals like pigs and poultry. Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis is a bacterial eye illness of cattle, and there is limited knowledge on the study of bacterium pathogen-contaminated eyes of animals in Basra province. As a result, the purpose of this research was to isolate and classify some bacterial species associated with infection in cattle with keratoconjunctivitis. This study included examination of 120 eye swabs from cows from different regions in the Basra governorate. The current study was carried out from October 2018 to February 2019. Out of 120 cases involved in this study, 30 cases were identified to have keratoconjunctivitis. The results of the study showed that eye infections in cows were mostly unilateral, in one eye (69%), and less than bilateral infections in both eyes (30.9%). Twenty different bacterial isolates were obtained, and the isolated bacteria were identified genetically by 16S rDNA and sequencing as Escherichia coli 40%, Bacillus subtilis 10%, Enterobacter cancer genus 10%, Enterobacter hormaechei 10%, Enterobacter cloacae 15%, and Klebsiella pneumonia 15%.

Women's most typical complaints in the early postpartum period are pain and exhaustion. Pain can make it difficult for a mother to care for herself and her child. Untreated pain is linked to an increased risk of opiate usage, postpartum depression, and the development of chronic pain. Postpartum pain management includes both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapy. This study focused on the features of the course of labour and the postpartum period in women with uterine fibroids in preterm labour. A retrospective analysis of 50 birth histories of women with uterine fibroids who delivered prematurely was carried out. During gestation, most pregnant women have a threat of spontaneous abortion and premature birth. In childbirth, most pregnant women experienced complications such as weakness of labour, cervical dystocia, fetal hypoxia, which often led to the need for an emergency caesarean surgery. More than half of pregnant women with uterine fibroids in the successive and early postpartum period experience bleeding due to uterine hypotension. The combination of uterine fibroids with preterm labour is a particular problem, as it often leads to complications in childbirth and the early postpartum period. This group of patients requires careful pre-gravid preparation, as well as special attention of the antenatal clinic doctor with personalized gynecological and obstetric tactics.

Deficiency and insufficiency of 25(OH)D in thalassemia patients are still high even in countries with abundant sun exposure or with vitamin D supplementation. Long term routine blood transfusions in thalassemia patients cause iron overload which is characterized by increase in serum ferritin levels. Liver damage due to iron overload is thought to disrupt synthesis of 25(OH)D in the liver. This study aimed to determine the association between serum ferritin levels and 25(OH)D levels in adult patients with transfusion dependent thalassemia. This was a cross-sectional observational analytic study. The blood sample were collected from adult patients with transfusion dependent thalassemia to measure the levels of serum ferritin using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) method and 25(OH)D levels using the chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) method. There were 45 subjects, 24 males and 21 females with median age of 23 years; duration of transfusions was 16.3 ± 6.2 years. 23 subjects used deferasirox and 22 subjects used deferiprone iron chelator. The median of serum ferritin levels was 4,467 ng/mL and the mean of 25(OH)D levels was 12.69 ± 4.84 ng/mL. There was significantly negative association between serum ferritin levels and 25(OH)D levels (r = - 0.41, p = 0.003). In this study, significantly negative association was found between serum ferritin levels and 25(OH)D levels. High serum ferritin levels may decrease 25(OH)D levels in adult patients with transfusion dependent thalassemia.

Life of a health care worker is very different compared with any other professional. This is distinct not from the perspective of an overwhelming level of personal and professional accomplishment, but from the huge amount of psychological stress and anxiety involved in it. Earlier studies show that health workers, particularly medical practitioners, are vulnerable to mental health developments. Furthermore, workplace stress has been related to emotional exhaustion, which can result in a lack of enthusiasm for work, feelings of powerlessness, depression, and defeat. Emotional factors inherent to the job, responsibilities related to patient needs, feeling of being overburdened, organizational responsibilities, and issues related to working relationships and career growth are commonly identified as occupational stressors among medical professionals. Emotional fatigue is commonly referred to as burnout among professionals. The present paper is an initiative to understand the various dynamics of work life balance during pandemic and to undertake the empirical study on the topic. In this regard, the authors undertook the secondary sources for preparing the paper. The present initiative will be a value addition to the existing literature.

To establish whether there is an association between adherence to treatment and the patient's language.Design: The article presents an analytical cross-sectional design.Data Sources: The study used the 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) in 33,760 homes throughout Peru, carried out by the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI). Due to the nature of our population, a sample size calculation was performed using the frequency of the expected outcome.Review A bibliography search was carried out in PUBMED, GoogleSchoolar, and Redalyc. In the regression analysis, we observed that in the crude model the risk of having non-adherence to treatment in people with a native mother tongue was 1.607, the risk of older adults with a mother tongue Spanish. Regarding the model adjusted by the epidemiological model, the prevalence of risk was 1.60; this association was shown to be statistically significant. If the patient presents a language different from that of the treating physician, it is more likely that the treatment will be missed.

Aromatic herbs have special applications in pharmacy and cosmetics due to their secondary and medicinal compounds. For this reason, aromatic plants are especially suitable for multifunctional sustainable crop models. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate of chemical compounds of essential oils in different organs of Satureja rechingeri belongs to Asteraceae family. The plant was collected and then dried in the shade for a month at room temperature. Essential oils were extracted by hydro distillation and were analyzed by GC-MS apparatus. The results of this study showed that the different organs can be effective in main compounds of essential oils. Antioxidant efficacy of extract and essential oil of S. rechingeri was determined by DPPH method. The most important compound identified in of S. rechingeri essential oil was carvacrol, which was found to be 83.90%, 81.11% and 95.70% in the leaves, flowers and stems of this plant, respectively. The results of the present study showed the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of the plant. This is probably due to the presence of flavonoid and polyphenolic compounds. Satureja essential oil showed moderate antioxidant activity of S. rechingeri extract had stronger antioxidant effects compared with its essential oil. Therefore, S. rechingeri extract can be useful in food hygiene and medicine.

Industrial applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are increasing because of their unique features, such as their widespread use in cosmetics as well as sun screens. The potential harmful effects of ZnO-NPs need to be investigated further. The purpose of this research is to examine the prophylactic effect of garlic oil on some hematological parameters altered by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) of adult male rats. This experiment was conducted on thirty-six male rats fall into 4 packs of six animals each. CON is the control group of healthy rats. ZnO-NPs group received 200 mg/kg zinc oxide nanoparticles, while the ZnO-NPs +GO group intoxicated rats received 100 ml/kg garlic oil, and GO group rats received only 100 ml/kg garlic oil. Study duration was 15 days. After the experimentation, rats were sacrificed and the levels of hematological parameters were evaluated, which included erythrocytes count, hemoglobin level, leukocytes count, and platelet count. The results of this study showed that zinc oxide led to significant changes in blood parameters, and when combined with garlic oil, hematological toxicity was improved. In conclusion, the hematological toxicity of ZnO-NPs was noticeable; however, the use of doses of garlic oil reduced this toxic effect.

Rhabdomyolysis can be a symptom of COVID-19, with very few cases described so far. AKI and renal failure following rhabdomyolysis are a potentially dangerous complication. Diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis in COVID-19 is difficult due to overlap.

The present study was a PICO review that examined rhabdomyolysis in COVID-19. The documents browsed by Google Scholar, Sid and Mag Iran databases were analyzed using the keywords rhabdomyolysis, creatine kinase, COVID-19, acute renal failure.

  Rhabdomyolysis following COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 reports of viral contamination of striated muscle may result in muscle destruction. Rhabdomyolysis in COVID-19 is a late complication. Evaluation of CK and myoglobin levels is important for the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis in COVID19 patients. The mechanism of rhabdomyolysis in COVID-19 is unknown and various mechanisms are used.

Rhabdomyolysis may cause acute kidney damage (AKI). Prompt diagnosis is a prerequisite for successful treatment and prevention of complications.

Umbilical cord blood collection increases the life expectancy of end-stage or chronically ill patients. The knowledge and attitude of health professionals are essential to the success of this attempt. This inquiry aimed to evaluate the effect of applying a structured teaching program on knowledge and attitude concerning umbilical cord blood collection and its barriers among maternity nurses. A quasi-experimental research design was used. It was carried out in Obstetrics and Gynaecological departments (antenatal, postnatal, and operating room) at Banha University Hospital. Based on a convenient sampling method, 89 maternity nurses at Banha University Hospital were chosen. To gather the data, two instruments were utilized: a) An organized interview questionnaire sheet, including two sections of socio-demographic features of maternity nurses and knowledge of maternity nurses concerning umbilical cord blood collection and its barriers; b) a modified Likert scale to assess the nurses' attitudes regarding umbilical cord blood collection and its barriers. The results showed that a minority of the nurses (11.2%) had good knowledge about umbilical cord blood collection and its barriers pre-intervention, which increased to (86.5%) post-intervention; however, only one-fifth of nurses (20.0 %) had a positive attitude of umbilical cord blood collection and its barriers pre-intervention which increased to (89.9%) post-intervention. Additionally, a highly direct correlation between total knowledge and total attitude score pre-and post-intervention was noticed. Structured teaching program regarding umbilical cord blood collection significantly improved nurses' knowledge and attitude regarding umbilical cord blood collection and its barriers. As a recommendation, appropriately designed in-service training programs concerning umbilical cord blood banking and its barriers must be founded to improve nurses' knowledge and attitude to suit newly developed concepts in care.

Pregnancy complications contribute considerably to maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of self-care management program utilization among antenatal mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). The study used a quasi-experimental design. It study was carried out in the out-patient clinic in Benha university hospital, Egypt. Based on a purposive sample, 67 pregnant women diagnosed with pregnancy-induced hypertension were included. To collect the data, two instruments were used, a structured interviewing questionnaire, and self-care reported practice assessment. The analysis of data revealed that more than three quarters (80.6% of pregnant women) had incorrect knowledge about self-care of PIH and only 37.3 % of pregnant women had adequate knowledge score at pre-intervention that increased to 77.6 % in post-intervention. Additionally, a highly statistically significant difference was revealed between total self-care practices scores related to pregnancy-induced hypertension before and after intervention (p<0.001). Also, a highly statistical difference was revealed between total knowledge and practice scores of studied women at pre and post-intervention (p <0.001).  The utilization of a self-care management program highly improved pregnant participants’ knowledge and their self-care practice regarding the management of pregnancy-induced hypertension. The current study suggested that pregnant women be made more aware of pregnancy problems, including pregnancy-induced hypertension and its related impacts on mothers and fetal health, as well as a greater understanding of self-care management.

The present study was performed to determine the ethical issues of medical care in Covid 19 disease. The steps were done in such a way that one of the researchers examined the search criteria among the articles and the criteria for including and deleting articles based on their titles and abstracts. In the second stage, the titles were reviewed. Out of 5833 retrieved articles, 5421 were retained after the repetition of duplicates. 201 cases were deleted due to insufficient data reporting, and 1059 cases were deleted due to poor quality. Finally, 153 articles were eligible. Only 20 articles of the studied articles had full text and related to the field of research card. In the third stage, the articles were searched manually; all libraries of Zahedan medical universities were examined, but no new ones were added by deleting articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria; the full text of all articles that met the inclusion criteria was reviewed. Then, their results were extracted according to the investigated factors and provided to two other researchers for reviewing. The quality of the studies was assessed through the STROBE checklist (14). In this systematic review, the articles that met the inclusion criteria were studied and analyzed. Excluded from all retrieved articles were studies that had unspecified sample size and implementation, or articles whose full text was not available. Finally, 20 cases were reviewed and analyzed. To extract the data, two experienced researchers simultaneously reviewed and analyzed the articles.

To determine the indications for human albumin infusion in neonatal units, as well as the neonatal outcomes after receiving human albumin.

Study design: 

A cross sectional study in neonatal ward at child’s central teaching hospital in Baghdad conducted over 12 months period between December 2019 and December 2020 in Iraq. Infants who received albumin infusion for hypoalbuminemia or any other reason during study period were included in the study. Mortality and morbidities were recorded. Alterations in renal and liver function tests and serum albumin level before and after albumin infusion were recorded.

80 neonates required human albumin transfusion therapy 150 times during the study. In (31.25%) the indication for albumin transfusion was the presence of edema, while in (68.75%) the indication was hypoalbuminemia. During 30 days follow up, (82.5%) have survived and discharged well, while (17.5%) died during hospitalization. Four factors were found to be significantly associated with mortality in neonates undergoing albumin transfusion, which are prematurity, low birth weight, presence of comorbidity and higher number of albumin infusions. The mean urea concentration in deceased group was significantly higher than that of survived neonates. There was a significant reduction in blood urea after the last transfusion in survived neonates.

In the absence of evidence-based guidelines for albumin infusion in neonatal period, albumin used mainly to correct underlying hypoalbuminemia higher mortality rate was documented in neonate who received albumin infusions in higher number of times.

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) represent the most important applications of nanotechnology in fields of medicine. The study aimed at clarifying their toxic effect, especially upon biochemical parameters related to liver and kidney functions of lab animals. Twenty-four healthy rats were distributed on 4 groups, each containing 6 rats. Control group included rats without any treatment, while GNPs group of mice were under intoxication with gold nanoparticles at a dosage of 50 μl/day for 7 days. As for the GNPs + BS group, intoxicated rats with GNPs were given oil of black seed at a dosage of 10 ml / kg. Finally, BS group included rats were under treatment of 1 ml/ kg of black seed oil. Serum levels of hepato-renal parameters including alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea, creatinine, and uric acid, were measured to detect impaired liver and kidneys functions. Rats treated with GNPs indicated a substantial (P < 0.05) increase in all these biomarkers levels contrasted to the group of control. Then, co-administration of black seed oil together with GNPs had a significant effect on reducing hepatorenal functions disorders. Thus, from these results, it can be concluded that the black seed oil has shown a defensive effect against the disturbances caused by GNPs in the liver and kidney functions of rats.