Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences
Volume:5 Issue: 3, May-Jun 2022

In this work, precipitation reaction with a new photometer NAG-ADF-300-2 analyzer was used to detect chlorpromazine hydrochloride by attenuation of incident light (White Snow Light Emitting Diode) at two steps, the first 110 mm and the second 60 mm with a separation distance of 100 mm of the chlorpromazine-hydrochloride reaction with a mixture of two reagents of sodium nitrite and sulfanilic acid form a yellowish-white precipitate. The attenuation of this precipitate by incident light was measured in a highly repeatable and reproducible way from a relative standard deviation percent (RSD %) of less than 0.3% at a variable concentration. The linear dynamic graph ranges from 0.5 to 45 mmol.L-1 for Cell A and 1-43 mmol.L-1 for Cell B, with a limit of detection (L.O.D) 0.9984 μg and 49.9239 μg at 281 μL sample, and a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9994, 0.9993 for Cell A and Cell B, respectively

Hypᴏthyrᴏidism is a cᴏmmᴏn metabolic disordеr that influеncеs thе functiᴏn ᴏf many ᴏrgans including the seminal vesicle which plays a key role in male fertility process. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of selenium element on seminal vesicle of hypothyroid male rat. Fᴏrty malе albinᴏ rats wеrе used in this study, which were classifiеd intᴏ 4 grᴏups (10 animals in each group): Group I (control) received nothing. Group II received selenium in a dose of 10 µg/ b.w). Group III (hypothyroid) was given carbimazole in a dose of 6 mg/ kg b.w orally by gastric tube once daily for 3 months to induce hypothyroid state. In group IV (hypothyroid + selenium) the animals were treated by carbimazole as same as group III then selenium was added in last 2 months in a dose of 10 µg/ b.w. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken for the assessment of serum TSH, T4 and male hormone (testosterone), then animals were sacrificed, their seminal vesicle was removed and fixed in 10% formalin solution, and paraffin sections were prepared and stained by histological and immunhistochemical staining to be examined under the light microscope. Sеrum cᴏncеntratiᴏn ᴏf TSH significantly incrеasеd whilе thе lеvеl ᴏf T4 and tеstᴏstеrᴏnе cᴏncеntratiᴏns significantly dеcrеasеd in grᴏups III followed by group IV. Hypᴏthyrᴏidism causеd rеductiᴏn ᴏf sеcrеtᴏry prᴏduct, atrᴏphy ᴏf mucᴏsal fᴏlds and vacuᴏlar dеgеnеratiᴏn ᴏf thе sеcrеtary cеlls of sеminal vеsiclе, whilе thе immunhistᴏchеmical study shᴏwеd low rеgulatiᴏn ᴏf androgen receptor in thе cеlls ᴏf this gland. Hᴏwеvеr, thе rats ᴏf grᴏup IV shᴏwеd a significant imprᴏvеmеnt in hᴏrmᴏnal lеvеl and histᴏlᴏgical structurе ᴏf thе sеminal vеsiclе tissuе cᴏmparеd with grᴏup II. So, this study indicated that selenium improved male fertility in hypothyroid state.

In this research, a new series of dihydroquinazolinone analogs (4a-f) was synthesized using a one-pot reaction supporting solvent-free conditions at the presence of SnCl2.2H2O as catalyst. All final products were proved by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR analysis. The preliminary antimicrobial activity was assessed against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus), and antifungal activities against Candida albicans. Most of the synthesized derivatives revealed considerable activity, significantly compounds 4d and 4e at 0.25 mg/mL concentration had the highest activity against P. aeruginosa. Also, the MIC of compound 4d was 0.25 mg/mL against B. subtilis, and L. rhamnosus. Furthermore, the tested molecules demonstrated moderate antifungal activities against the C. albicans.

This study investigated the outcomes of headless compression screw fixation and cancellous iliac crest bone graft chips procedure in the management of scaphoid waist non-union. The method was based on interventional research carried out in the Orthopedics operating room for a period from July 2018 to July 2020. It included 26 patients presented with symptomatic scaphoid nonunion confirmed by radiograph of the wrist and scheduled for surgical management by a non-structural autologous cancellous bone graft from the iliac crest and headless screw fixation. Patients were followed up at every four weeks’ interval for six months and then three months for the total duration of 12 months. All parameters of the Modified Mayo Wrist Score were shown statistically significant at postoperative improvement except for grip strength. Total Modified Mayo Wrist Score showed that 61.5% of study patients were graded as a fair result, and no one reported excellent level. Six months postoperatively, 23.1% of patients reported excellent results, and 65.4% showed a good level.

Recently, especially during Covid-19, there has been an increasing trend of Self-Medication (SM) in rural and semi urban areas of India.  There are various contributing factors for these practices. It is defined as the use of medicine by patients on his own initiative or on the advice of pharmacists, previous prescription, and suggestion of family members of friends instead of consulting qualified doctors. The medicines which are available with pharmacists without prescription or over the counter (OTC) are known to be part of self-medication. A medicine that requires doctors’ recommendation is known as prescribed product (Rx products).The present work discusses the positive sides at individual level and community level and at the same time possible risks involved at community level and individual level. It was found that even though there were various risks involved due to self-medication, people in rural and semi-urban areas also find some positive side of the same. Most importantly they believe that it reduces the cost of travelling, and cost of consultation with doctor. Sometimes due to past experience of the same sort of diseases or symptoms, people opt for self-medication practices. The study concludes that Potential benefits at individual levels were self –reliance for preventing minor disease and saving of time & energy. Similarly the same for the community level were extending the health care services to the needy people in rural and remote areas and saving scare medical resources for minor treatments /diseases. Potential risk at individual levels Failure to report or recognize the adverse drug reactions. Failure to seek appropriate medical assistance immediately and from the community point of view wasteful public expenditure and will lead to family disturbance due to death of member of family.

Treatment of tooth decay includes caries or pulp necrosis, necessitates crown restoration and the creation of a post. Non-metallic pegs, one of which is fiber-reinforced composite (FRC), have become increasingly popular in recent years. FRC is a combination of composite with fiber that is bound by a silane coupling agent. The addition of silane serves several purposes, one of which is to strengthen the bond between the fiber and the composite. The chemical reactions of silane coupling agents are divided into two stages: hydrolysis and condensation reactions. The drying time of the silane coupling agent has an effect on the success of the hydrolysis reaction. Good fiber and composite bonds can improve the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites, including the hardness of FRC. This research aims to determine the effect of silane coupling agent drying time on the hardness of FRC. This research is a pure laboratory experiment, with a sample amounted to 24, and was divided into four treatment groups based on drying time, namely group A 15 seconds, group B 30 seconds, group C 60 s, and group D 120 s. The sample was in the form of a disk with dimensions of 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height. The Vickers test was used for testing the sample. The results showed that group C had the highest hardness value of 87.33 Mpa with a drying time of 60 s. Statistical tests using the One-Way ANOVA and LSD tests revealed a difference in influence between groups with a significance value of p=0.000 (p<0.05). There is an effect of drying time of silane coupling agent on the hardness value of FRC with the highest hardness value at drying time of 60 s.

The goal of the immunization program is to provide protection from diseases that can be prevented by immunization (PD3I), such as tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, polio, hepatitis B, and measles. Therefore, optimizing the immunization coverage is very important. The coverage of complete basic immunization in Pekalongan District decreased to 88.4% in 2017, while 7 cases of measles were still found. Further, the coverage of immunization has been a challenge in the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The objective of this study was to analyze the complete basic immunization coverage in Pekalongan Regency using Rapid Card Check. This study used an analytic observational design with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative analysis was performed using chi-square analysis, while in-depth interviews carried out a qualitative analysis to explore further the reasons for not having immunization. The number of samples was 535 toddlers aged 10-26 months. The sample was selected based on random sampling techniques, and data were collected using Rapid Card Check instrument. The coverage of immunization was 71.6%, and only 2.1% did the immunization correctly. Based on the type of antigen, the highest immunization coverage was HB0 = 88.4%, and the lowest was measles = 74.4%. The highest immunization accuracy was the type of antigen HB0 = 85.4%, and the lowest one was Polio4 = 12.0%. The coverage of complete basic immunization in Pekalongan District is still below the national target (95%) in the Covid-19 pandemic era. Therefore, intensive efforts should be made to increase the coverage in the current year.

Oral diseases such as dental caries, pharyngeal cancers, and periodontitis are the global health problems, particularly in developing nations. In several developing nations, oral health care utilization is limited. It should also be mentioned that due to the high use of drugs in patients in need of dental treatment and the possibility of drug interactions in drugs used with dental anesthetics, a dentist should be fully familiar with the mechanism of action of various drugs possible emergencies. Within the framework of this work, the formation method was studied, and a mechanism for calculating the integral indicator of the provision of dentists with the dental profile of the people of the Voronezh area was developed. In the formulation of the problem, it was determined to obtain a complex integral indicator in a graphical and analytical form, characterizing the dynamics of changes in the provision of dentists with the dental profile of the population of the region of Voronezh. When fulfilling the task, a database of various indicators of the dental service staff of the region of Voronezh for 2014-2020 was utilized. As a result of the work conducted, mathematical and algorithmic support was developed, and a software module that provides the user with the ability to work with various data on the staff of the Voronezh region’s dental service; based on these data, the calculation of a complex integral indicator for 2014-2020 and a visual presentation of all data.

Determination of epidemiological characteristics in rheumatologic diseases is important to improve the diagnosis and treatment course in patients. This study was performed to determine the epidemiological characteristics in ankylosing spondylitis patients. In this observational cross-sectional study, the epidemiological characteristics were assessed in 219 consecutive patients with ankylosing spondylitis referred to the rheumatology clinic in a tertiary health care center during 2014 to 2018. The mean age was 38.5 years and 76.3% were male. Also, 39.3% had academic literacy. Smoking was seen in 42% and 43.4% had constitutional symptoms. IBD and Uveitis were seen in 7.3% and 15.5%, respectively. Family history and HLA-B27 were positive in 26.5% and 63%, respectively. The mean age of onset was 27.4 ± 9 years. The mean diagnosis age, delay time, and duration were 31.7, 4.3, and 6.9 years, respectively.

In a retrospective multi-center study from August 2019 to Dec 2020, patients with chest trauma and stable hemodynamics who underwent VATS within their first week from traumawere enrolled in hospital. The electronic recordswere collected and reported on demographics, surgical procedure details and postoperative complications. In a sample of 44 participants, the mean age was 31.21±9.21 and 39 participants were male (88.6%). Sixteen people had blunt trauma, and 28 people had penetrating trauma. Accompanying organ damage was reported in 9 patients (20.5%). The mean injury severity score was 20.98±6.74. In the sample, the duration of surgery was 70.52±21.02 minutes, the number of days with a chest tube was 5.95±4.40, duration of ICU staywas 7.77±4.30 days, duration of hospitalizationwas12.36±1.98 days andduration of return to physical activity was 7.56±1.48 days. Among patients, one patient (2.3%) was intubated. Postoperative imaging findings were positive in 11 patients (25%). During postoperative hospitalization, the most common findings were surgical site infection in 4 (9.1%) empyema in 3 (6.8%), pneumothorax in 3 (6.8%), pneumonia in 2 (4.5%), hemothorax in 2 patients (4.5%) and death in 1 (2.2%).VATS is associated with lower complications, as well as higher patient tolerance than other methods; Making it a safe and effective method of controlling acute chest trauma in patients with hemodynamic stability in young adults.

Scar contracture is the major complication of neck burn, which impairs the organs functions. Scar contracture causes limiting the range of neck motion, organ malfunction and some damages to the patient’s esthetic and his appearance. Since the studies in this field are not developed well, it is difficult to treat and manage these patients. The principal approach is scar releasing surgery followed by reconstructive surgery. There are many methods of reconstructive surgeries, each patient has his own specific methods, and it depends on surgeons’ decision. Split thickness skin graft (STSG), full-thickness skin graft (FTSG), free flaps, local flaps, V-Y plasty, and V-M plasty are the most common methods used for reconstructive surgeries. In this study, modified free-tension skin grafting was used as the reconstructive procedure, which had shorter treatment period and better treatment outcomes in terms of esthetic and range of motion than the traditional methods.

Renal colic is a symptom of urinary tract obstruction, and stones are the most common cause of this pain.  His study was performed to compare two single-dose intravenous ketorolac for the treatment of acute renal colic in patients referred to the emergency department with a randomized controlled trial. The present study is a clinical trial and includes 160 patients (15 mg ketorolac group: 80 and 30 mg ketorolac group: 80) over 16 years of age with moderate to severe renal colic referred to the emergency department of Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital in Zahedan in 2020. The sampling method was randomly blocked. The researcher-made checklist including patient demographic information was used to collect information and 25SPSS software was employed for doing the data analysis. The mean pain in patients with renal colic in the two groups before and after ketorolac injection was 7.83 1 1.54 and 7.5 88 0.88, respectively. There was a significant difference between the pain score at 40 and 60 min. The number of people who had nausea was higher in 20 min after consumption than at other times. At 40 min heart rate was high in the 30 mg group. At 60 min, this rate was higher in the 30 mg group than in the 15 mg group. Use of intravenous ketorolac has a high rate of action to reduce the pain and the need for salvage treatment is also less in this drug, while the side effects are not significant.

Due to the widespread use of veterinary drugs and antibiotics in animal husbandry, one of the most critical problems in ensuring food safety is the presence of residual antibiotic traces in animal products. Concentrations of such traces in food products pose a danger to both humans and the environment as a whole. Irrational use of antibiotics in agriculture stimulates resistant bacteria that can cause infectious diseases in humans and animals that cannot be treated with modern drugs. Due to the potential risk to human health in many countries, maximum permissible limits for the content of residual traces of antibiotics are regulated. This review aimed at investigating the recent publications in the field of identification of residual antibiotic traces in food. Various types of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) combined with solid-phase extraction were mainly used for the quantitative determination of analytes. Methods of enzyme immunoassay, capillary electrophoresis, and infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform, biosensor, and fluorescence analysis methods are also presented. It is shown that the development of new susceptible, accurate, simple, and cost-effective methods for the determination traces of antibiotics in food remains an urgent task and is highly demanded in the modern world.

Enterococcus faecalis is a resistant bacterium in the root canal that can cause root canal treatment failure and is frequently found in root canal infections due to its ability to form biofilm. As a natural ingredient, aloe vera extract and chitosan can be used as an antibiofilm. This study aims to compare the antibiofilm properties of aloe vera extract and chitosan shrimp shells. The antibiofilm test was divided into two groups: groups I and II, tested 24 h and 72 h after biofilm formation by adding 0.1 mL of aloe vera suspension and 0.1 mL of chitosan suspension in 96 well plates containing E. faecalis. The aloe vera extract and chitosan concentrations used were 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%. 0.1% crystal violet staining and OD values ​​were measured using an ELISA reader. In the first group, aloe vera extracts at 25% concentration were more significant on positive control and had a percentage of biofilm inhibition of 93.77%, whereas chitosan at 25% concentration was most significant on positive control and had a percentage of biofilm inhibition of 90.59%. In the second group, aloe vera extracts of 12.5% concentration were most significant on positive control and had a percentage of biofilm inhibition of 90.68%, while chitosan at 25% concentration was most significant on positive control and had a percentage of biofilm inhibition of 88.37%. Aloe vera extract at a concentration of 12.5% can inhibit the growth of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms more effectively compared with that of the shrimp shell chitosan.

Ring burns are often circumferential, increasing the chance of compartment syndrome and ischemia distal to the injury site. The burn size is usually small. However, sometimes injury management may be difficult or threaten the limb, leading to amputation. Different effective treatment methods include conservative therapy, grafting, flap surgery, or amputation. This study reports the therapeutic management of two patients with ring burn Injury. Two patients with ring burn injuries who were admitted to the burn ward were treated with initial surgical debridement and full-thickness skin grafts. At the same time, one of them underwent the advancement flap technique by adjacent tissue recruitment. Even though patients waited up to 3 weeks before the operation, they underwent Surgery immediately after admission, and the long-term result was excellent, and acceptable. So, training of medical staff and efforts to prevent ring burn injury is highly recommended.

Bilateral vocal cord paralysis is one of the most dangerous electrochemical burns caused by lithium battery ingestion, especially in children. Current treatments usually include immediate battery removal to a range of conservative management techniques and invasive procedures, including tracheostomy, unilateral posterior cordotomy, thoracotomy, and other surgical procedures. This study reports a two-year-old girl with laryngeal electrochemical tissue burn and bilateral vocal cord paralysis due to lithium battery ingestion. She was treated by low-level laser therapy (LLLT) by TecmLP200, for Red Light Laser (650 nm) and Infrared Laser (810nm100 mw) on necks acupoint and some other points. The use of LLLT has been quite successful in treating the effects of ingestion of lithium battery on bilateral paralysis of the vocal cords. This therapeutic modality may be more effective, non-invasive, uncomplicated, tolerable, and affordable.

The essential role of hyperlipidemia in increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and its consequences is obvious in all human societies; however, the status of lipid profile may be quite different and even unique in each population. The present study aimed to present a clear view lipid profile status among patients with coronary heart disease in Iranian society. The inclusion criterion for retrieving the studies was the status of lipid profiles among both men and women with a definitive diagnosis of coronary artery disease in Iran. The authors also included a cross-sectional survey on 517 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease and considered the findings in the final meta-analysis. Fourteen studies, including 14437 patients (8633 men and 5804 women) were finally evaluated in terms of the overall prevalence of hyperlipidemia and the serum status of lipid profiles. The pooled prevalence of hyperlipidemia was found to be 39.8% (95%CI: 26.6% to 54.7%) in men and 42.1% (95%CI: 28.5% to 56.9%) in women without between-groups difference (OR = 0.876, p = 0.470). It was found that there is no difference in serum concentrations of triglyceride and total cholesterol; however, our meta-analysis revealed significant differences in serum HDL and LDL levels between men and women. Overall, 39.8% of Iranian men and 42.1% of Iranian women with coronary artery disease suffer from hyperlipidemia, emphasizing uncontrolled lipid profiles in such patients.

Chronic periodontitis is the most common form of periodontal disease. The present study assessed the clinical effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) and Er,Cr:YSGG laser for chronic periodontitis treatment. 16 chronic periodontitis patients were treated with two different methods (SRP and laser). Each method was implemented on one posterior sextant. Clinical parameters including CAL, BOP, PPD, GR, and PI were measured before the intervention. The mean percentage of BOP in SRP and laser groups was 46% and 62%, respectively, one month after the intervention (P<0.05). The laser group's minimum and maximum mean CAL were midlingual and mesiolingual, respectively (P<0.05). The minimum and maximum mean PPD values of the teeth one month after the treatment with the laser were obtained by the midlingual and mesiolingual, respectively. The mean PPD values were significantly different between midlingual and mesiobuccal areas (P<0.05). The mean GR value in SRP and laser group one month after the intervention was 1.63 and 1.19, respectively (P<0.05). The PI in both groups before and after the intervention was similar; however, the differences before and after treatment were significant in both groups. The value of BOP, CAL, PD, and GR decreased in the two groups, and the decrease was more in the laser group. In addition, PI remained unchanged in the two groups before and after the intervention.

Streptococcus mutans is a harmful bacterium that destroys teeth and increases the development of caries. The use of a safe antibacterial compound can decrease the population of S. mutans and increase teeth healthiness. Curcumin is an antibacterial compound that may decrease S. mutans. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial effects of the administration of curcumin against S. mutans. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of tested extracts were determined by a micro-dilution method using a 96-well microliter plate. Biofilm formation was also investigated. In order to investigate dental caries development a study was conducted on rats. The results showed antibacterial activity of curcumin against S. mutans in terms of MIC and MBC compared to the control group (P<0.05). The results also revealed that biofilm formation was significantly lower in higher doses of curcumin. The administration of curcumin also decreased dental caries development in rats. In sum, curcumin can be considered as an appropriate compound for antibacterial activity against S. mutans. We suggest using curcumin for tooth care.

To compare the effect of cervical Cryosurgery (cryotherapy) along with draining of nabothian cysts with sole Cryosurgery in chronic Cervicitis. This was a randomized parallel clinical trial study conducted on 144 patients with nabothian cysts referred to a Gynecology (GYN) clinic in Jahrom city, south of Iran, due to chronic Cervicitis. The patients were randomly divided into case and control groups treated with cryotherapy and antibiotic therapy with and without drainage of nabothian cysts, respectively. The primary study outcomes were subjective symptoms and duration of the treatment to complete improvement that was followed every month till three months. Data were analyzed using SPSS. One-hundred forty patients were recruited in Experimental (n=70) and control (n=70) groups who were matched for Sociodemographic characteristics (P>0.05). McNamara's test showed a statistically lower occurrence of all subjective symptoms in the pre-and post-intervention in both experimental and control groups (P<0.001). The mean duration of the treatment course in the experimental group was 5.4±1.59 months, while it was 7.91±1.59 months in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the duration of treatment (P<0.001). In the linear regression of the study variables, none of the variables expect the groups significantly predicted the duration of treatment, t=9.87, P=0.001. We found the new method of nabothian cysts drainage along with cryotherapy effective and the cryotherapy alone; it showed a shorter duration of the treatment to achieve complete improvement. Therefore, considering this method, the required frequency of Cryosurgery might decrease.