Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences
Volume:5 Issue: 4, Jul-Aug 2022

Scar management is a critical challenging object in plastic surgery that influences life quality and can induce depression and functional disturbances. Hypertrophic scars and keloids after surgery, especially in cosmetic surgeries, can cause inappropriate appearance and excess costs to decrease the scar. Moreover, spiritual disturbance and psychological problems can occur, which lead to objections against physicians. Multi-disciplinary treatments like Butax injection have been suggested. This study is a case-control type. The cases are 20 patients attending Mehr Surgical Center and Rasoul-e- Akram hospital in Tehran diagnosis of hypertrophic scars or keloids after surgical mastopexy from February 2018 to February 2019. Four characteristics like width, height, color, and pliability were studied according to surgery scar. Also, the patient’s age, smoking, pleasure, and previous history of hypertrophic scars and keloids are Surveyed. In each of the patients, Butax is injected in right breast scar without any injection in the contralateral side as a control group and all patients studied for 18 months. At the end, data was analyzed with the SPSS 22 software. This study achieved meaningful differences between with and without Butax injected groups. According to Vancouver scale, the width, height, color, and pliability achieved higher scores meaningfully. In addition, the pleasure of patients in injected groups has achieved a higher score. There was a meaningful correlation between smoking and pleasure score in these patients, but we did not find a meaningful relationship with age.

As new multifactorial method this study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of the Newcastle oncolytic virus in combination with copper nanoparticles, hyperthermia, and radiation on the proliferation of CT26 cell line. Cultured CT26 cells were treated with the combination of CuO nanoparticles (100 µg/ml), Newcastle oncolytic virus (MOI 40), radiation (cGy200), and hyperthermia (41 °C). In order to confirm the anticancer effects of these factors, proliferation rate (MTT), percentage of cell death, generation levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), release levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and activity levels of caspase-8 and 9 were measured. A significant decrease in cell proliferation rate (57±5.19) was observed. Also, levels of cell death (52±3.06), ROS production (27.89±0.69), and LDH release (26.54±1.27) were increased significantly in the group of Newcastle oncolytic virus combined with CuO nanoparticles, hyperthermia, and radiation in comparison with other treated and control groups. Also, the activity level of caspase-9 was significantly increased in all treated groups compared to the control group. According to the present study, it seems that the combination of multifactorial therapies such as oncovirotherapy, nanotherapy, hyperthermotherapy, and radiotherapy can inhibit the proliferation of CT26 cancer cell line.

Heterocyclic compounds are of great importance in the production of medicinal compounds. In this study, a new compound (E)–(5-(((5-mercapto 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)imino)methyl)furan-2-yl-methanol) and its complexes with some transition metal ions Cr(III) and Ni(ll) were synthesized. The structure of the ligand and its complexes were characterized using the molar conductivity, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectral techniques. The HyperChem 7.51 program was utilized for theoretical study. The measurements data of Molar conductance reveal that the complexes are non-electrolytes. The ligand acts as a Bidentate in Ni complex coordinating through the oxygen atom of the furan ring and methoxy group and act as tridentate in Cr complex. This data is further supported by the manifestation of a band corresponding to the metal-oxygen and metal-nitrogen stretching vibration at 454–688 cm-1 and 314-466 cm-1 in the complexes, respectively. From the spectra data and theoretical study, we suggest a square planer for Ni+2 complex and octahedral geometry of the Cr+3 complexes.

Antibiotics are substances produced by microorganisms that can be used as a solution to kill or inhibit the development of other microorganisms. Antibiotics are often misused, which can lead to resistance due to the lack of information obtained by patients, causing non-compliance in taking antibiotics. One of the right ways to overcome non-compliance in taking drugs is by providing proper education or information about using them. To determine the effect of providing drug information on patient compliance in taking antibiotics in dental clinic patients at Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital. This study used a cross-sectional method with 100 subjects in the dental clinic of Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Data collection was done by assessing the completeness of the information provided by the officer and questionnaires filled out by the patients. Data analysis was performed by chi-square test. Patients with the obedient category were 72 (72%) respondents. The chi-square test showed the Contingency Coefficient value of 0.553 (P = 0.003). There was an effect between providing drug information on compliance to taking antibiotics in dental polyclinic patients at Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital.

While classic symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are well known, monitoring symptoms with less frequency is critical for controlling COVID-19 transmission.

This study aimed to evaluate the association of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms with nasal swab Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test positivity and high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings in favor of COVID-19 in patients suspected of COVID-19 in Jahrom city.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 2519 COVID-19 suspected patients in Peymaniyeh Hospital, Jahrom city, from January 2020 to July 2020. In addition to nasal swab PCR test, diagnostic data, various clinical symptoms, and demographic data were gathered. Patients were categorized as having GI symptoms alone or with other COVID-19 symptoms or not having GI symptoms. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and Mantel-Cox log-rank analysis.

There were 59 patients with isolated GI ‎symptoms‎, 1694 without any GI ‎symptoms,‎ and 766 patients with GI symptoms ‎along with ‎other ‎symptoms. The average hospitalization length of patients without GI ‎symptoms was significantly higher than the other two groups (P< 0.001). The abnormal HRCT results were significantly higher among patients with Isolated GI ‎symptoms (P<0.001). Patients without GI symptoms were 1.7 (95% CI: 1.003-2.908, P: 0.049) times more likely to test positive for COVID-19 than those with isolated GI symptoms. Patients with isolated GI symptoms were less likely to be admitted to the ICU (95% CI: 0.174-0.987, P: 0.047).

Our study demonstrated distinct clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients based on the presence of GI symptoms. While patients who had isolated GI symptoms had more probability of lung involvement in CT scan results, the probability of being admitted to ICU is less likely in them.

Even after sufficient potential in the health sector for treatment; people avoid taking its benefits.  People avoid timely medical help, which ultimately leads to delay in proper diagnosis and treatment, which further increases the chances of more complications. The objectives of the present paper are to understand the various factors that lead to medical care avoidance among older people and to provide suggestions based on the findings of the study. For the analysis of the data comprising of 393 older people over the age group of 60 and includes 219 male respondents and the rest were female respondents. The present analysis was done under four broad parameters related to a low perceived need to seek medical care, traditional barriers to seeking medical care, cynical evaluation of seeking health care and other related or relevant factors. In total 60 variables were considered under various categories. It was found that family members were actively involved in providing medical care. There was some barrier in communication between the patient and the health care provider either due to language or the technicalities involved. It was perceived that the health care providers were prescribing unnecessary tests and medication and were more concerned about their fees rather than patients’ welfare. The fear of pain, monetary drain, lack of health insurance and other related factors leads to medical care avoidance by the elderly male and female patients.

Increase in drug allergies and unpleasant adverse effects caused by COVID-19 medication therapies has doubled the need for computing technologies and intelligent systems for predicting poor medication outcomes. This study aimed to construct machine learning (ML) based prediction models to better predict adverse drug effects among COVID-19 hospitalized patients. In this retrospective and single-center study, 482 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were used for analysis. First, the Chi-square test was employed to determine the most critical factors predicting adverse drug effects at P<0.05. Second, the four selected decision tree (DT) algorithms were applied to implement the model. Finally, the best DT model was acquired for predicting adverse drug effects using various performance criteria. This study showed that the 18 variables gained the Chi-square at P<0.05 as the most important factors predicting adverse drug reactions. Besides, comparing the performance of selected algorithms demonstrated that generally, the J-48 algorithm with F-Score=94.6% and AUC=0.957 was the best classifier predicting adverse drug reactions among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Finally, it found that the J-48 algorithm enables a reasonable level of accuracy in predicting the risk of harmful drug effects among COVID-19 hospitalized patients. It potentially facilitates identifying high-risk patients and informing proper interventions by the clinicians.

There is an excellent demand in biomedical sciences for novel drug-like compounds with the best therapeutic benefits and minor adverse effects. The albocarbon moiety is seen to be abundantly available in nature, prompting various investigations to isolate albocarbons and investigate their pharmacological activities. Synthetic albocarbons show various biological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antiviral effects. The consequences of hybridizing cyclic molecules with albocarbons on their bioactivities have been studied widely in the literature. The bulk of these studies revealed that this hybridization might improve the pharmacological properties of the mother albocarbons. This comprehensive review, which described the most critical and recent examples of such studies, emphasized the structural features of the produced hybrids as potentially bioactive frameworks.

The isolation, characterization, and exploration of the pharmacological potentials of natural-obtained products are the starting steps in discovering new pharmaceutical scaffolds. Coumarin-based products attract much of the research concern as secondary metabolites due to their structural variety and various phytobiological activities. In this study, the seeds of Golden Delicious apple were extracted by four solvents of various polarities, including water, ethanol, chloroform, and ethyl ether. This process was accomplished by applying three extracting techniques: kinetic, ultrasound, and microwave-supported maceration. Each technique was performed in three fashions based on the sequence of solvents’ utilization. The resultant 36 extracts were scanned for the presence of certain phytoconstituents, and based on the gathered results, one of the extracts was selected to isolate its content of coumarin-based products. The isolated products were purified via column chromatography and the results acquired from the TLC technique revealed the isolation of two coumarins. The chemical structures of these two products were identified by their scanning on FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopies. From the acquired outcomes and the gathered evidence from the literature, it was concluded that the isolated coumarin-based products belong to the furanocoumarin category and are chemically identified as 2-isoprenylxanthotoxin and chloromethylisopimpinellin.

The incidence of many human disorders, such as cancer, oxidative stress, diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory diseases, has been mountingly increased because of many factors, including environmental pollution, static lifestyle, and unhealthy feeding. In an attempt to explore a scaffold with multiple biomedical activities, four natural phenolic acids, namely vanillic-, protocatechuic-, ferulic-, and caffeic-acid, were selected to construct twelve derived coumarins. The skeletal formulas of the semi-synthesized coumarins were confirmed by analyzing their spectra afforded via various spectrophotometers. The biomedical characteristics of these coumarins were investigated and included their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. The antioxidant activity was quantified by monitoring the potential of these coumarins to reduce DPPH and hydroxyl oxidants and provide an electron in the redox reaction. The anti-inflammatory activity was detected by specifying the inhibitory and selectivity of these coumarins on two COX isozymes. The antidiabetic activity was determined by examining the capacity of these coumarins to suppress two enzymes involved in blood glucose regulation. The anticancer activity and cytotoxicity were examined via MTT-based methodology versus four cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. The findings revealed that the semi-synthesized coumarins exhibited potent antioxidant and anticancer activities with low-induced cytotoxicity. Also, these coumarins showed modest antidiabetic potential and inhibitory effects versus the COX isozymes, with some selectivity toward the inhibition of COX-2. The authors concluded that these coumarins, specifically YC11, provide a valid structural template for synthesizing multi-functional agents effective in treating health situations in which oxidative stress, inflammation, diabetes, and cancer are combined.

Neuropathic pain is a type of chronic pain that is resulted from illness, infection, or injury or is associated with these problems. Of course, neuropathic pain is not a direct result of these factors. Nerve pain is usually a complication of illness or injury. Patients with neuropathic pain suffer from burning, stabbing, and lightning pain. The neuropathic pain in some patients is persistent. Studies revealed that there is no evidence that anesthetics interfere with the immunogenic effects of the Covid-19 vaccine. In international guidelines, therapeutic interventions that require anesthesia are also prohibited after the Covid-19 vaccine is given. In the case of anesthesia but recommended, if possible, to delay surgery until complete immunity to vaccination is achieved. Some anesthetics and surgeries use anesthetics. These drugs are used to numb specific areas of the body or induce sleep to prevent pain and discomfort. Topical anesthetics and general anesthetics are two common types of these drugs. Researchers at the National Institute of Health Research of the Islamic Republic of Iran prepared a leaflet study to assess the interaction of the first group of anesthetics, namely anesthetics, on the immunogenic effects of vaccines. Studies show no studies or evidence directly assessed the influence of anesthetics on the immunogenicity of the Covid-19 vaccine. At the same time; There is also no evidence that the use of anesthetics interferes with the immunogenic effects of the Covid-19 vaccine.

In India women, self-help groups have risen to the extraordinary challenges of the COVID-19(Coronavirus) pandemic. The COVID-19 and its crisis imposed lockdown and emerged with unique challenges for women’s groups. In the health care sector, during the ongoing war against the COVID-19 pandemic, women played a more significant role in working as frontline staff and being exposed to the deadly disease in many ways. The SHGs being run and governed by women have a lot of contribution towards the more significant production of medical assistance, i.e., masks, sanitizers, PPEkit, and all other protective gear and measures to meet the required and ongoing demands of the health sector. During lockdowns, the women’s group faced a significant challenge as almost all women’s groups met physically. However, they contributed most during such difficult times. During this time there were significant disruptions in the supply chain and distribution of medical products, which has immensely affected and have caused hindrance in women’s menstrual and reproductive health in India. More than 70% women are the world’s frontline health care and social workers, which accounts for a staggering 88.8% of trained nurses. Rural women in Odisha have contributed and helped produce more than 1 million cotton masks for police personnel and healthcare workers.

This study aims to present the evolvement and characterization of two innovative bioactive coating composite materials overlying Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia substrate. The differential analyses between artificial CaCO3/SiO2 and novel natural prepared CaCO3/SiO2 composite implant-coating material. The methodology of the present study involved forty disc-shaped specimens with a dimension of 10 mm, and twenty disc-shaped samples with 50 mm diameter were prepared from partially sintered Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal. The naturally prepared composite was deposited via radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering. The experimental specimens were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and atomic force microscope (AFM). A wettability test was conducted using the mean of contact angle measurement. Pull-off tests were also performed to assess the adhesion strength between zirconia substrate and the experimental coating materials.  According to the outcomes of the present study, we concluded that the naturally prepared CaCO3/SiO2 composite exhibits more hydrophilicity with an improvement in the adhesion force to the zirconia substrate compared to the artificial CaCO3/SiO2 composite. Therefore, it can be used as a coating material for zirconia implants with promising biological and mechanical properties.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCO) is among the most common reasons for infertility in women of reproductive age. to examine two pharmaceutical regimens for infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. In this randomized clinical trial, 60 infertile women with PCO were randomly assigned into two arms, each having 30 subjects. The first arm received Clomiphene citrate (CC) followed by letrozole. The second arm received letrozole followed by cabergoline. Following the procedures, outcomes of biochemical pregnancy and incidence of the complications were recorded along with other baseline characteristics and laboratory data. Concerning age, weight, height, and BMI, both arms were matched. In terms of follicle quantity and size, as well as endometrial thickness, with no statistical differences among the study arms, although the cabergoline-letrozole regimen demonstrated a considerably higher success rate in the treatment of infertility. The endometrial examination revealed three-layered and transparent endometrium in both arms, although it was statistically more common in the letrozole-cabergoline arm (P = 0.001). The successful pregnancy was achieved in 9 cases (30%) in the first arm and 7 (23.3%) in the second arm (P=0.54), with no significant difference in adverse maternal events. ‎‎ The letrozole-cabergoline regimen appears to be more successful in inducing ovulation in infertile women with PCOs. Other trials should be conducted over longer periods of time and at varied dosages to provide a more exact evaluation of its effect.

In this research study, new heterocyclic derivatives have been prepared. The most available (Levofloxacin) reacted with thionyl chloride to get acetyl chloride (S1 compound). All the synthesized compounds have been identified using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectrum. (Scheme 1) shows that, (S1) compound in the first line treated with thiosemecarbazide to get (S2) hydrazine carbo thio amide derivative then a ring closer reaction has been made to compound (S2) by NaOH solution to get the triazole-3-thiol ring compound (S3). Second- line compound S1 treated with amino acid (glycine) to get (S4) compound. (S5) the compound has been synthesized by reacting (S4) compound with an aromatic aldehyde in the presence of acetic anhydride to get Oxazole ring (S5 compound). Second-line compound (S) treated with hydrazine hydrate to give (S6) compound then a ring closer reaction have been made using carbon disulfide and hydrazine hydrate in basic media to get (S7). Also, (S7) compound reacted with malic anhydride to prepare triazolidine di acetic acid derivative S8 compound. Also, (S) compound treated with semecarbazide and thiosemecabazide in the presence of phosphoryl chloride (POCl3) to get oxadiazole and thiadiazol containing compound respectively (S9, S10). The synthesized compounds antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity (S1-S10) were examined using the (DPPH) technique. The compounds show substantial antioxidant activity equivalent to the well-known (ascorbic acid) (IC50=31.95 g/mL) employed.

Citrullus lanatus is a fruit that is eaten and carries many by-products like rind and seeds that are abandoned and fed to animals. Numerous studies have demonstrated the bio-medical properties of Citrullus lanatus by-products, making it a superior choice of natural source for medicinal products. Citrullus lanatus by-products’ medical properties are due to their pharmacological significance, related to the availability of essential phytochemicals such as saponin, alkaloids, fatty acids, phenolic, citrulline, lycopene, coumarin, minerals, and other natural products. Gastrointestinal ulceration, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, and many kinds of malignancies have been treated with these by-products extract. The following review aimed to provide a thorough summary of the advantages of Citrullus lanatus by-products in the management of different ailments.

Thalassemia major (TM) is an inherited hemolytic disease with a high prevalence. Nowadays, no complications have been studied in these patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the complications of tuberculosis packs and iron chelators in patients with TM in Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in 2018-2019.

This cross-sectional study was performed in Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in 2018-2019. All eligible patients' records and necessary information, including age, sex, and periodic tests (cardiac, liver, bone, and hormonal and infectious examinations), were reviewed and collected using a checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS22 software with a significance level of 0.05.

Enrolled patients were 93 cases with TM. The incidence of osteopenia and osteoporosis (69.9%) was the most common, and the lowest cases were hypogonadism (35.5%), hypothyroidism (9.7%), heart failure (5.4%), hepatitis C (2.2%), and liver failure. Hepatitis B and HIV were not seen in these patients.

Results demonstrated that the highest rate of complications was related to the bony part of the body structure, which is due to the pathophysiology of the disease. The low rates of heart failure and liver failure were because the patients with this level of complications may not survive for long.

Pesticides are commonly used in commercial agriculture. Organophosphates (OPPs) are one of the most imported pesticides in Thailand. OPP contamination in the human body is inversely determined by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels in blood circulation. Multiple factors determine OPP bioaccumulation in the human body. This present study aimed to investigate the association between levels of knowledge, behaviors, and personal characteristics of vegetable farmers with levels of pesticide contamination in the farmers' blood. Participants in this descriptive cross-sectional study were 219 vegetable farmers from Maha Sarakham province, Thailand using questionnaires on knowledge and behaviors on pesticide uses; and personal characteristics data. The level of blood AChE was measured by a reactive paper test kit. Association between each factor was analyzed by c2 tests with a significant level at P < 0.05. Results show that the levels of pesticide contamination in 219 vegetable farmers were significantly associated with age and pre-harvest interval. The risk levels of behaviors were also significantly associated with the levels of pesticide contamination (not reading labels and instructions, mixing pesticides with bare hands, not checking the wind direction during spraying, and not wearing correctly. In conclusion, levels of OPP contamination are associated with advancing age, pre-harvest interval (PHI), and risky behaviors. Close monitoring of these factors in vegetable farmers should be implemented.

The COVID-19 pandemic has harmed all sectors, including athletes. Since the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, all activities have been subject to restrictions. The rules of working from home, studying from home, and closing some public facilities make all aspects of this difficult. The athletes' training center is also one of the negatively affected places. Of course, this will impact the decrease in the achievement of athletes due to changes in physical activity, body mass index, and cardiovascular fitness levels. This study aims to determine the correlation between body mass index and cardiovascular fitness levels of volleyball athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Sleman Athlete Training Center, Yogyakarta Special Region of Indonesia. This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design at the Sleman Regional Athlete Training Center, conducted in September 2021. The sample size is 40 athletes, consisting of 20 male and 20 female athletes. The cardiopulmonary fitness level was measured using a multistage fitness test. The analysis uses the chi-square test to see the relationship between body mass index and cardiovascular fitness level. The results demonstrated no relationship between body mass index and the cardiovascular fitness level of volleyball athletes at the Sleman Athlete Training Center, with a significance value of p=0.484. This study concludes that there is no correlation between body mass index and cardiovascular fitness levels in volleyball athletes at the Sleman Regional Athlete Training Center during the COVID-19 pandemic.

To prevent periodontal diseases and dental caries, the person must remove this layer. In this research study, we aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a spray containing silver nanoparticles/ EDTA/MSM/xylitol compared to the standard mouthwash of 0.2% chlorhexidine. This interventional and cross-over clinical trial study was conducted on 40 healthy patients with periodontal diseases and plaque index below 20%. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups of 20. Then, the patients in each group were asked not to use other mechanical and chemical substances for one week. Instead, the first group used chlorhexidine mouthwash, and the second group used a spray containing silver nanoparticles/ EDTA/MSM/xylitol. In chlorhexidine mouthwash recipients, there were no signs of gingivitis. In spray recipients, 72.5% had no visible signs, 25% had a slight change in the color and surface tissue of the gingiva, 2.5% had visible inflammation and a tendency to bleed from the margin after probing. None of the recipients had severe inflammation and a tendency to bleed spontaneity in both groups. 50% of chlorhexidine mouthwash recipients and 30% of spray recipients had intervention-induced complications. This research revealed that spray effectively reduced plaque and bleeding, and inflammation of the gingiva. However, its effectiveness was not adequate. But the spray was significantly better than chlorhexidine in reducing teeth staining and the other complications related to chlorhexidine.

Ameloblastoma is a highly recurrence odontogenic tumor occurring in both jaws. This study aimed at investigating the demographic data, radiographic and histopathological features of ameloblastoma. Patients diagnosed with ameloblastoma between 2018 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data, clinical signs, and symptoms, radiological and histopathological data records were collected. 50 patients diagnosed with ameloblastoma, of which 25 patients were male, and 25 were female, The age range obtained was 12 to 76 years, with a mean age of 36 years. Most lesions were observed in the white race (56.3%), followed by the black race (43.7%). 48 cases (94.7%) were detected in the lower jaw and 2 (5,3%) cases in the upper jaw. The ratio of maxilla to mandible was 1:25. Multilocular imaging was presented in 28 cases (59.3%), monolocular in 20 cases (37.5%), and 2 of which were peripheral ameloblastoma (3.2%). The plexiform pathological pattern was the predominant type.