Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences
Volume:5 Issue: 6, Nov-Dec 2022

By condensation reaction between P-amino benzoic acid and ethanol in the presence of concentrated H2SO4 to produce ethyl 4-aminobenzoate, which was then converted into N, N'-(1,2-phenylene) bis(4-aminobenzamide) type [H2L] (N2O2) product by direct interaction between the two reactive molecules of this product with one molecule of 1,2-Benzene diamine, as a new series of metal conversion complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II). The prepared ligand and their complexes characterized in the solid and solution states using spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Vis, FT.IR, 1HNMR, and the elemental analyses as well as melting temperatures, molar conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility. The octahedral geometry around the central metal is suggested by molar conductivity, magnetic moment, molar ratio, and spectroscopic data about copper and cobalt ions, while tetrahedral around the nickel ion. After the incubation period at 37 °C for 24 h, the biological behavior of the binding produced with its anti-bacterial compounds against (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) was examined at different concentrations (10, 50, and 200) ppm. The results showed that the performance of the prepared compounds was better in resisting and reducing the growth of bacteria tested at high concentrations.

Gestational diabetes [GDM] is one of the most common metabolic disorders associated with many adverse maternal and fetal complications including cardiovascular events. This study aimed to evaluate the function of the autonomic nervous system by heart rate variability [HRV] between pregnant women with GDM and healthy pregnant women.

The study was a case-control observational study on 50 pregnant women with GDM and 51 healthy pregnant women. They were assigned to the study at 32-36 weeks of gestational age. Demographic and past medical history and lab findings were gathered. HRV was assessed by a time-domain analysis of 24-hour cardiac Holter monitoring including SDNN-SDANN-rMSSD and pNN50 variables.

The mean age of the participants was 28.69 [± 5.5]. Data analysis showed no significant difference in the age [p-value: 0.10], maternal hypothyroidism [p-value: 0.2], and PCO [p-value: 1/000] between two groups. There was no significant difference between SDNN [p-value: 0.21], SDANN [p-value: 0.11], and rMSSD [p-value: 0.87] between two groups. pNN50 in GDM group decreased significantly [P-value = 0.0001].

A significant decrease in the pNN50 index in GDM group may be a marker of autonomic dysfunction. Reduced pNN50 could be explained by decreasing parasympathetic activity and sympathetic overcome in pregnancy, especially in pregnancy associated with diabetes, leading to instability of the autonomic nervous system.

Even with the significant advancements in medical and therapeutical fields, finding efficient anti-diabetic and anti-oxidative entities is of high significance in the recent era. New coumarin-disubstituted benzene conjugates were prepared to evaluate their antidiabetic and antioxidative effects. The prepared conjugates (MT0-MT7) were characterized utilizing various analytical techniques, including FTIR, UV–Vis, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. Also, the drug-likeness properties of conjugates were assessed in-silico. The antidiabetic effect of the prepared conjugates was estimated in-vitro based on their inhibitory impact on porcine α-amylase and yeast α-glucosidase enzymes; whereas their antioxidative effect was appraised in-vitro based on their snaring impact on hydroxide and DPPH radicals. The findings of evaluating these effects demonstrated that the MT2 and MT3 conjugates had a prominent antidiabetic effect related to the standard. In addition, the MT0 conjugate showed a distinct antioxidative effect comparable to that of the standard. Thus, MT2, MT3, and MT0 conjugates could be used as scaffolds to develop a new class of antidiabetic and antioxidative entities. Moreover, the in-silico analysis revealed that the majority of the prepared conjugates had convenient drug-likeness properties for the oral drug-delivery system.

Knowledge management (KM) is considered to be an important intervention in improving health care services. KM facilitates the transfer of the existing knowledge and the development of new knowledge in the health care sector. The relevance of knowledge management in the healthcare sector cannot be ignored due to the dynamic and sensitive nature of knowledge within the healthcare sector which leads to the smooth conduct of business for the health and the other operational issues in the hospitals. As the health care sector is a knowledge-intensive industry, systematic, and appropriate dissemination of knowledge leads to a competitive advantage. Its importance was realized more during the COVID-19 due to the acute shortage of medical facilities and doctors. This inspired the authors to undertake the present study. The broad objectives of the study were to understand the role played by knowledge management in transforming health care services, to suggest measures based on the findings, and to contribute to the existing literature. The sample size was considered to be 167, which included 83 males and 84 females. The study was conducted with four parameters such as the impact of knowledge management on the performance of the health care sector, the impact of knowledge management on paramedics’ performance, the impact of knowledge management on patients care, service, and satisfaction and COVID-19 as well as Omicron related variables. It was observed that all the attributes of knowledge management played an important role in providing health care services at the right time to the needy people for the overall interest of society, as a whole.Key words: Health care services, Knowledge management (KM), COVID-19, Omicron & Paramedics.

Although there is a clear clinical benefit from implantable pacemakers, part of patients is exposed to hazards associated with device implantation. One of the important issues among paced patients is pacemaker dependency, which is not an uncommon phenomenon and has a significant impact on the patient’s outcomes. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the incidence of pacemaker dependency and to determine its probable predictors. This was a cross-sectional study among patients with permanent pacemaker implantation according to guideline-recommended indications, from March 2016 to March 2017 in Yazd province. During the interrogation of the device, an electrophysiologist recorded the percentage of ventricular pacing/all events according to stored data. Pacing dependency was categorized into three groups based on pacing percentage in the analysis (group 1: below 30%, group 2: between 30-70%, and group 3: above 70%). A total number of 123 patients with permanent cardiac pacemakers were enrolled in our study. The mean duration between the device implant and follow-up visit was 37.4±34.4 months. The majority of patients were female (61.8%). The mean age of participants was 69.9±15 years. None of the clinical variables including age, gender, and body mass index predicted pacing dependency percentage (P-value: 0.64, 0.88, and 0.18 respectively). However, patients with dual-chamber pacemakers were more frequently pace-dependent (>70%) than single chamber pacemakers (86.8% versus 59.4 %, P-value: 0.001). Pacing dependency after the permanent pacemaker is much more common in our community. In addition, pacing dependency is associated with pacemaker type, which highlights the importance of device settings.

New electrically conducting composite polymers consisting of poly (2-hydroxy-5-methyl anline) self-doped with poly (o-toluidine) were prepared within the polymer matrix by in situ polymerization of aniline. The conversion yield of self-doped poly[2-hydroxy-5-methyl anline-co-(o-toluidine)] into doped poly[2-hydroxy-5-methyl anline-co-(o-toluidine)] by treatment with HCl while structural confirmation of the synthesized polymer was sought by Fourier Transform Infrared and thermogravimetric analysis. Conductivity of the polymers was measured by two probe method. As for Activation energy, Ea for dc conduction was deduced and its value was found to be the fraction of an eV for all the polymers. By increasing doping content, Ea decreased and σ increased. The result showed that the conductivity increased with increasing temperature in the order: Doping P(OT-co-HMA)> P(OT-co-HMA)> PHMA >POT, showing conducting behavior and activation energy of polymers was estimated.

New 6-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole compounds were prepared from the reaction of cyclohexanone with 4-chlorophenylhydrazine. The synthesis of heterocyclic compounds was carried out through the reaction of cyclohexanone with 4-chlorophenylhydrazine, then the produced compound was treated with two NSAIDs (indomethacin, diclofenac) by amide bond formation to form N-substituted THCZ by NSAIDs. The characterization of prepared compounds was identified using the 1H, 13C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was tested in vitro to discover a good activity as antifungal and moderate as antibacterial, which was confirmed by the docking study of the compounds.

Sources of contamination by lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) are not regulated in Morocco, and have been reported to be responsible for renal effects in two separate cohorts of Moroccan children and teenagers. The aim of the present study was first to compare internal levels of Pb, Cd and Hg and their separate early renal effects between these two cohorts, living in the same urban, industrial and rural areas of Fez city, and second, to determine the early renal effects of chronic co-exposure to a mixture of these toxic metals. The Generalized Linear Model analysis was used to compare the vulnerability of the two groups to toxic metals’ exposure, while the JMP 14 analysis was used to investigate high orders of metals interactions to evaluate the effects of the metal’s mixture. The mean of blood lead levels (BLLs) was significantly and exclusively higher in urban young children (82.36 Vs. 57.39 µg/l) and may be responsible for the increase in their urinary Retinol-Bending Proteins (RBP) mean (128.15 Vs. 80.82 µg/g creatinine). These results testify to a high vulnerability to lead exposure in comparison to adolescents living in the same environment. Early alteration of the tubular renal function was evidenced in teenagers, due to potentializing interactions increasing levels of urinary RBP. This confirms the high vulnerability of teenagers, compared with young children, to the renal effects of the environmental mixture of lead and cadmium co-exposure.

The majority of the world’s most hazardous pathologies are linked to the oxidative damaging effect of free moieties. One of the diseases associated with these damaging radicals is diabetes. This disease is widely distributed among people of all ages, with the elderly being the most affected. Therefore, it is essential to conduct comprehensive investigations in order to promote the creation of the novel free radical-housing and hypoglycemic compounds. This study involves the synthesis of eight novel albocarbon-based coumarins, which were confirmed by various spectrophotometers. Their hypoglycemic and free radical-housing effects were analyzed. The pharmacokinetic profile was checked in silico using pre-ADMET, known as a free online program. The hypoglycemic influence was tested against two types of the blood glucose-controlling enzymes. In addition, the new compounds’ potency index was measured. The free radical-housing potential was analyzed by testing these coumarins’ ability to scavenge DDPT and hydroxyl harmful radicals. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the synthesized albocarbon-based coumarins penetrate the gastrointestinal mucosa very well, and the majority of these compounds penetrate the blood-brain barrier only slightly. These findings suggest the good oral bioavailability along with low neurological toxicity profiles. The investigation of the hypoglycemic influence of these new compounds revealed that they had a less potent enzyme inhibition capacity compared to the standard, with LY5 being the most powerful one. Besides, the assessment of the free radical-housing potential of these synthesized albocarbon-based coumarins also indicated that all of them were less active than the reference. Among them, LY0 was the strongest free radical-housing compound from these recognitions, along with the safety and good pharmacokinetic parameters in accordance with the computer-based study. The researchers believed that these new albocarbon-based coumarins can be applied for the creation of new successful drugs with hypoglycemic and free radical-housing effects which can help in the modulation of much serious pathology.

Microbial infection and microbial resistance to the classical antibiotics have been immense challenges which portend the health of societies. This has directed researchers to straight their attention onto the plants to discover new possible antimicrobial compounds. In this work, 5 solvents were employed to extract the dried seeds powder of quince by ultrasound including ethanol, ethyl-acetate, chloroform, n-hexane, and diethyl-ether. Each extract was subjected to three in vitro antimicrobial tests using the broth-dilution method. The antibacterial effect against the following aerobic bacteria which are Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 700603, Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49247, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhi ATCC 6539, Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313, and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli BAA-1427 applying ciprofloxacin antibiotic as a standard reference, antibacterial study against anaerobic bacteria which include Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285, Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124, Fusobacterium necrophorum ATCC 25286, and Prevotella melaninogenica ATCC 25845 employing metronidazole as a reference, and antifungal study versus Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888, nystatin was the reference. The toxicity against the normal bacterial flora was evaluated to verify the safety profile of the extracts. The results revealed that the extracts have antimicrobial activities with supremacy linked to ethanol extract. In accordance to the activity evidence values, the extracts displayed bactericidal and fungicidal activities, with ethanol extract having the least harmful effect against non-pathogenic microbial strain.

Early menopause is defined as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) before the age of 45. ‎Some biochemical indices are known to alter hormonal responses in menopause like ‏estrogen or ‏‎progesterone levels. ‏‎‏ This study aimed to compare the association of vitamin D3 ‎and laboratory factors with‎‏  early menopause.‏

The present study was compared with a case and control group in early menopause and healthy women of the same age (50 Patients in each group), who referred to the obstetrics and gynecology clinic in Jahrom in 2021. Study groups were compared in terms of hormonal tests, ovarian reserve, vitamin D3 level, thyroid function, liver function, fasting blood glucose level, hemoglobin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).

AMH was lower in women in the early menopause group than in healthy women (P=0.001). Study groups had no significant difference in terms of age, occupation, location and economic status, and body mass index (P>0.05). Serum vitamin D3 levels as well as TSH, liver function tests, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (P>0.05) were not different between study groups (P=0.191).

In this study, the results of examining laboratory factors in women with early and healthy menopause showed that serum levels of AMH hormone are very important in determining the time of early menopause. AMH levels were significantly lower in women with early menopause than in healthy. Therefore, early measurement of this hormone can prevent the complications of early menopause, but vitamin D3 and other factors were not associated with early menopause.

In this work, the extraction of copper (II) by bis(3-chloro acetylacetone) ethylenediamine as a chelating reagent was studied by CPE using Triton X-100 as non-ionic surfactant and by solvent extraction using chloroform. Factors affecting extraction of copper (II) by both methods were studied such as equilibrium pH, effect of the ligand amounts, effect of equilibrium temperature, volume of solvent, and amount of non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100.

Intraoperative hemorrhage is one of the most important complications of septorhinoplasty surgery. Many techniques and drugs are used to reduce this problem. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of oral clonidine as a premedication on hemorrhage during septorhinoplasty surgery.

In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 53 patients undergoing septorhinoplasty at Motahari Hospital in Jahrom were studied. Patients were randomly divided into oral clonidine and placebo groups. Intraoperative hemorrhage was measured based on the blood in the suction. The data were analyzed in SPSS-21 and both descriptive and inferential statistical tests were computed.

Both groups were homogenous in terms of demographic variables of age, weight, gender and the level of fluid received during the surgery. Mean hemorrhage (P = 0.001) and total duration of surgery (P = 0.031) in the clonidine group were significantly lower than the control group.

The results of the present study revealed that oral clonidine as a premedication for anesthesia can reduce hemorrhage and the duration of septorhinoplasty surgery. It is recommended that future studies be performed with a larger sample size and compare with other drugs.

Apgar score of neonates at birth is one of the determinants of postnatal mortality and one of the effective factors in Apgar score of cesarean section neonates that is the type of drug used for maternal anesthesia. Owing to the disagreement on the benefits and possible side effects of anesthetics, the present study was an attempt to evaluate and compare the effects of propofol and thiopental on the Apgar score of neonates undergoing cesarean section under the general anesthesia.

The present study is a systematic review. Persian articles were searched in databases such as SID, Iranmedex, Magiran, and English articles were searched in databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engine without any time limitation. To access the full text of articles, the keywords of propofol, thiopental, general anesthesia, neonatal Apgar score, cesarean section, and their combination, the Boolean search methods, and conjunctions of “And” and “Or” were used. The information of reviewed articles included the first author, year of publication, the country of study, the sample size, and the outcome of the study.

A total of 27 articles were included to the study. In 22 studies, no statistically significant difference was found between thiopental and propofol effects on neonatal Apgar score at minutes 1 and 5. Also, in 4 studies, Apgar scores at minutes 1 and 5 were reported higher in the propofol group than the thiopental group. Furthermore, in one study, Apgar score at minute 1 was reported higher in the propofol group than the thiopental group. In three studies, Apgar score of neonates at the minute 1 in thiopental group was reported higher than the propofol group.

It seems that neonates whose mothers underwent the general anesthesia with propofol for cesarean section have better Apgar scores than those who received thiopental. One of the effects of propofol is its shorter duration of action, and if the patient has a problem with difficult intubation, the effect of the drug ends sooner and the patient’s breathe returns as soon as possible. Likewise in this regard, compared to thiopental, which has a longer effect, Propofol is a more effective drug in cesarean section women under the general anesthesia.

It has been developed and validated an accurate, sensitive, precise, quick, and gradient reverse phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) technique for combined quantification of Metformin, Linagliptin, and Empagliflozin in raw materials and pharmaceutical combined tablets. With acetonitrile as the organic solvent, the best separation was achieved on a 250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5µ-particle size Inertsil®-Octadecyl-silyl-3V-Reverse-Phase-C18-column with acetonitrile as the non-polar-modifier and Dipotassium mono-hydrogen phosphate buffers system [0.03M] in water with pH 3.0 adjusted with ortho-phosphoric acid (0.1 %v/v) in the gradient mode of elution as an elution solvent at a speed of 1.0 mL.min−1. UV detection was at 230-nm. Metformin had a retention time of 2.421 minutes, Linagliptin's was 8.187 minutes, and Empagliflozin's was 11.71 minutes. With a correlation coefficient of about 0.9999, the peak-response was obtained as a function of concentration over the range of 80-480 mcg/mL for metformin, 0.4-2.4 mcg/mL for linagliptin, and 0.8-4.8 mcg/mL for empagliflozin. Metformin, Linagliptin, and Empagliflozin were shown to have a percentage assay of 99.92, 99.72, and 99.74, respectively. Metformin, Linagliptin, and Empagliflozin, each have a limit of detection of 0.04 g/mL, 0.004 g/mL, and 0.004 g/mL, respectively. Metformin, Linagliptin, and Empagliflozin, each have a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.12 ng/mL, 0.012 g/mL, and 0.012 g/mL, respectively. The presence of excipients in the formulation had no effect on the assay method. The procedure is appropriate for usage in QC- laboratories since it is quick and precise.

In this research, the acetone dicarboxylic acid was prepared from citric acid under the influence of conc. H2SO4. Then, the Pechmann reaction was used to produce a novel benzodipyrone molecule (SY1). The latter was reacted with a variety of substituted phenols to produce the SY2-SY7 congeners. The chemical structures of the synthesized benzodipyrone-based derivatives were recognized by examining the analytically spectral charts. The anticancer, antibacterial, and hypoglycemic potentials of our compounds were assessed in vitro. The initial potential was tested using an IC50 measure versus six tumorigenic cell lines. A broth-dilution test was applied to assess the antimicrobial potential versus six aerobic gram-negative bacteria, four anaerobic bacteria, two fungi, and one non-pathogenic bacterial strain. Furthermore, the hypoglycemic potential was evaluated in comparison to two different types of blood glucose-controlling enzymes, yeast α-glucosidase and porcine α-amylase. The results obtained from investigating the first potential revealed that our compounds, specifically SY4, had a potent-to-moderate wide-range anti-tumor activity. This activity is combined with a low risk of toxicity to the normal cells. Besides, these compounds exhibited promising antimicrobial potential, particularly SY5 for aerobic gram-negative bacteria, SY2 for anaerobic bacteria, and SY1 for pathogenic fungi. This potential is coupled with the relative safety of our compounds towards the tested normal flora bacteria. Furthermore, the compounds revealed moderate-to-weak inhibitory effects versus the tested blood glucose-controlling enzymes, with SY2 and SY3 exhibiting the best hypoglycemic potential. The authors concluded that our synthesized compounds offer privileged bioactive platforms which may liberate a new window for the discovery of the novel therapeutically active medications.

Teachers in America returned to work in September 2020 to a climate of fear and uncertainty due to the country’s first-ever government lockdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Since the outbreak of the epidemic, teachers around the world have been building up psychological symptoms due to various factors which have accompanied the pandemic, these factors have resulted in a significant amount of stress, depression, and anxiety, among the other factors in teachers and this study is done to determine that how these factors affect teachers especially after the pandemic. They had to use online teaching throughout the lockdown, and now that schools are reopening, they have exhibited a lot of anxiety about the new and the unprecedented teaching environment. According to the findings of the study, females had the highest stress response with a mean of 7.11 and a standard deviation of 4.414, while males had lower stress level with a mean of 4.99 and a standard deviation of 2.32. The results of t-test also revealed that there was a significant stress in teachers at 5 percent level of significance (p-value = 0.000, df = 1549, and t-test= 2.28). On work stability, many respondents chose NO with a mean of 8.79 and a standard deviation of 5.309 implying that after Covid-19, the work stability of teachers had been affected and adapting to the new normal was difficult and had not only for students, but also for the teachers. Anxiety was another variable that was taken into consideration in this study and further, females had the highest response with a mean of 7.01 and a standard deviation of 4.53, on the other hand, males had a lower response of 4.53, the study proved the significance of the test that teachers are affected by anxiety during this period at 5% level of significance and p-value of 2.28. Finally, depression as a variable was further determined to be significance (p-value = 0.000, df = 1549, and t-test = 2.28) by the study. Therefore, the study concluded that, having school-aged children, being a victim of Covid-19 or having a relative affected by the virus increases stress, depression, and anxiety levels in teachers especially in female teachers. Teachers who have children are more likely to be stressed out because they have to cope with a hefty workload and at the same time, the burden of caring for their families. These professionals had to deal with the twin whammy of returning to school for themselves and for their children. Family life may have contributed to the elevated anxiety levels during the pandemic, as raising a family during crisis times can include the additional challenges, such as managing finances, child care, and home education obligations.

There is an unequivocal relationship between oxidative stress and diabetes development, progression, or both. In recent years, some novel bioactive compounds derived from plants have shown antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than the oral hypoglycaemic medications used in clinical therapy, implying a bright future for diabetes treatment. In this work, the powdered quince dried seeds were subjected to extract with ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-hexane, and diethyl ether using sonication-catalyzed extraction. Then, a set of tests were used to conduct preliminary phytochemical screening. In vitro, hydroxyl radical- and DPPH radical-snaring assays were used to assess the antioxidant activity of the acquired extracts. The inhibition assays for α-glucosidase and α-amylase were used to determine the antidiabetic efficacy of the extracts. Compared to ethanol extract, ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-hexane, and ether extracts had weaker free radical-snaring, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The results of this study revealed that the crude extracts of quince seeds are good sources of key phytochemical components with significant antioxidant and antidiabetic properties and can be considered a promising source of lead compounds for the management of diabetes mellitus.

BackgroundDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most concerning conditions, and its chronic complications are nearly synonymous with inflammation, oxidative stress, and infections. In the acute inflammatory phase of diabetic wound healing (DWH), reducing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory response of the wound is a necessary treatment.MethodsThe study utilizes a mix of emulsification and lyophilization approaches to investigate the effects of resveratrol microparticles (RES-GMS) loaded chitosan-collagen (CS-CLG) scaffold with doxycycline (DOX) on DWH. The RES-GMS was prepared using emulsification-linkage process. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and SEM studies. Further, the RES-GMS was loaded in CS-CLG composite scaffold and crosslinked using EDC/NHS. The RES-DOX-CS-CLG scaffold was evaluated for morphology, porosity, water absorption test collagenase degradation, in vitro drug release, antibacterial activity, cell migration and in vitro cell biocompatibility.Results and ConclusionCross-linked scaffolds had optimal porosity, reduced matrix degradation, and prolonged drug release when compared with non-cross-linked scaffolds, according to the results of composite scaffold characterization. Cell proliferation assay employing mouse fibroblasts was used to study the kinetics and bioactivity of growth factors produced from the scaffold. The RES-DOX-CS-CLG scaffold was biocompatible and promoted cell development compared with the control and CS-CLG scaffolds in in vitro experiments. DOX-loaded CS-CLG scaffold with RES-GMS delivered a prolonged release of RES, according to in vitro tests.

The present paper is an initiative to assess self-care practices of the deadly disease diabetes among the members of the self-help group in the Jashore district of Bangladesh. Generally speaking, type 2 diabetes is the mother of all illnesses, and self-care practices such as blood sugar monitoring, nutrition control, physical activity, medication adherence, and foot care are the cornerstones of its treatment. However, in under-developed nations like Bangladesh, where the cases are more prevalent, a limited study is being conducted and there is a lack of understanding about self-care. The study’s aim was to investigate the self-care practices of type II diabetics among the members of self-help groups in Bangladesh, so as to assess the relationship between self-care practices and blood sugar levels among members of self-help groups in Bangladesh as well as to add to the existing knowledge. The data indicates that education, reading level, economic status, desire to control diabetes, lack of information about diabetes and its complications, and self-care habits in the research region have a direct association.

Haemorrhage during septorhinoplasty surgery is challenging for the surgeons since it can reduce the visibility of the surgical site. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of oral clonidine on surgeon satisfaction in surgical zone quality in septorhinoplasty.

This was a double-blind randomized clinical trial on 53 patients undergoing septorhinoplasty at Motahari Hospital in Jahrom. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: Oral clonidine and placebo. Demographic information, weight, level of intraoperative fluid infusion, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, and intraoperative surgeon satisfaction data were analysed considering the surgeon's satisfaction as the primary endpoint.

Systolic and diastole blood pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were not significantly different between the two groups.  Mean heart rate significantly differed between the groups after induction, 1 minute, 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and getting out of the recovery room (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the study groups at different times in terms of the level of surgeon satisfaction (P <0.05).

The findings of current study demonstrated that there was no considerable difference in surgeon satisfaction after septorhinoplasty surgery between the clonidine and control groups. Since limited studies have been conducted on surgeon satisfaction during septorhinoplasty surgery, new contributions might lead to novel clinical procedures with alternative approaches. Integration of clinical knowledge and clinical experience to design evidence-based clinical investigations on surgery site quality is needed.

4-methylaniline and its Schiff base derivative were intercalated into the Bentonite clay interlayers in a solid state reaction followed by a condensation reaction to produce two organo-clay composites. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the changes in basal spacing of montmorillonite layers which exhibited noticeable alteration before and after the formation of the composites. FT-IR spectra, on the other hand, were utilized for identifying the structural compositions of the prepared materials as well as the formation of the intercalated Schiff base derivative. The surface morphology of the composites was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM and Atomic Force Microscope AFM, which reflected some differences in the surface of prepared composites as the particle size decreased with the Schiff base formation.

The COVID-19 pandemic has made people experience lifestyle changes. The Indonesian government has implemented a policy of limiting activities to prevent the transmission of the Covid-19 virus. Physical activity will undoubtedly affect the physical condition of all people, including volleyball athletes. Decreased physical activity can increase body weight. The amount of physical activity and a person's body mass index (BMI) impact public health. Individuals who do much physical activity usually have a healthy BMI. Athletes who want to compete well must maintain a healthy level of physical activity and a healthy BMI. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of physical activity and BMI in female volleyball athletes in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The research method relied on a cross-sectional study of 100 female volleyball athletes as members of an amateur club in the Province of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire after BMI was calculated and grouped according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Pearson correlation test was used to test the data. According to the findings of this study, the majority of athletes had a normal BMI and did the moderate physical activity. However, there was a significant relationship between physical activity and BMI in the study results, with a significance value of 0.000 and a Pearson correlation value of 0.799.

Antibiotic resistance has been a growing worldwide public health issue. The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that the search for new antibiotics is slow, while antibiotic resistance is growing. WHO has also declared that antibiotic resistance is one of the top 10 global public health threats facing humanity in the 21st century. Therefore, this review discusses the potential of metal-based drugs as antibacterial agents from the period of the early 2000s to date. The review reveals that a lot of preliminary work has been done to assess these as potential drugs. However, their mode of action is faintly described. Furthermore, a few examples of metal-based drugs assessed for their modes of action are described. These compounds are ideal as they have been observed to work with one or more modes of action and they are also able to induce or increase activity of free organic compounds once bound to the metal. Nonetheless, more studies are needed to understand the modes of action of other transition metal compounds.

Medical studies are known to be a source of psychological distress and radical changes in medical students’ behaviors and attitudes. We carried out this study to assess the prevalence of psychological distress and physical activity among medical students in Morocco and to analyze the association between these two variables. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 855 Moroccan medical students. Physical activity and psychological distress were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), respectively. Regression analysis models were used to identify factors associated with psychological distress and the association between physical activity and psychological distress levels. The median age was 20 [19-21] years old, 55,1% of participants were women and 42,6% lived on the university campus. The prevalence of low physical activity levels was 25,1%, with 30,4% among women and 18,8% among men. The overall prevalence of psychological distress was 48,1% with a high level of 14,7%. Females were found to have higher levels of psychological distress compared to males (p<0,001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that feminine (OR=1,49 [1,12-1,99]; p=0,007) and lower levels of physical activity (OR=2,98 [1,95;4,54]; p<0,001) were significantly associated with psychological distress. Psychological distress and low physical activity appear to have increased in Moroccan medical students. These results underlined the importance of promoting physical activity as an effective strategy to reduce and prevent psychological distress.