Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences
Volume:3 Issue: 4, Oct 2020

In this study, trinitrotoluene (TNT) adsorption on the surface of the boron nitride nanocone was investigated using the infra-red (IR), natural bond orbital (NBO), and frontier molecular orbital (FMO) computations. The calculated negative adsorption energies, Gibbs free energy changes (ΔGad) and great thermodynamic constants (Kth) showed that the TNT adsorption was spontaneous, irreversible, and experimentally possible. The effect of temperature on the thermodynamic parameters was also studied and the findings indicated that, at 298.15 K the TNT adsorption process had the highest efficiency. The values of the enthalpy changes (ΔHad) and specific heat capacity (CV) revealed that, BN nanocone can reduce the heat sensitivity of the TNT and this nanostructure can be used for making new thermal sensors for detecting the TNT. The NBO results revealed that, TNT interaction with BN nanocone was a chemisorption as monovalent chemical bonds with Sp 3 hybridization were formed between TNT and the adsorbent in all of the evaluated configurations. The computed DOS spectrums showed that, the BN nanocone was an ideal recognition element for developing novel TNT electrochemical sensors as the bandgap experienced a sharp increase in all of the studied configuration when TNT was adsorbed on the surface of the nanostructure. The frontiers molecular orbital parameters including the energies of HOMO and LUMO orbitals, electrophilicity, chemical hardness, chemical potential and maximum transferred charge was also evaluated and the results demonstrated that, the TNT reactivity and softness improved when it was adsorbed on the BN nanocone. All of the computations were conducted using the density functional theory method in the B3LYP/6-31 G(d) level of theory.

In this work, a simple, rapid, accurate, precise, specific, and sensitive RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of the Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form. The stationary phase used for the chromatographic separation was Hypersil BDS column C18 column (250 mm× 4.6 mm with the particle size of 5 mm) andthe mobile phase used for the separation was methanol:phosphate buffer (pH3) taken in ratio of 75:25%V/V. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min at 30 °C. The drugs were detected at the wavelength of 260 nm. The retention time for the Sofosbuvir (SOFO) and Velpatasvir(VELP) were 3.714 and 5.263, respectively. The linearity was performed using the concentration range of 2-12 µg/mL of Sofosbuvir and 0.5-3 µg/mL of Velpatasvir. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.999 and 0.999, respectively. The % purity of the Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir was found to be 99.01% and 99.25%, respectively. The proposed method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, robustness and accuracy were within the range of acceptance limit according to ICH Q2 (B) guidelines and the developed method can be employed for the routine quality control analysis in the bulk and combined pharmaceutical dosage form of Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir.

Gallic acid is one of the most abundant phytochemical in nature with anticancer activity against the prostate cancer. In this research work, carbon paste electrode (PE) modified with CdO/CNTs nanocomposite and 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazoliume bromide (HMIZBr) design and made-up for determination of gallic acid in food samples. Electrochemical behavior of gallic acid at the CdO/CNTs/HMIZBr/PE was investigated in aqueous solution using the voltammetric methods. The gallic acid oxidation signal was improved about 2.82 times on the surface of the CdO/CNTs/HMIZBr/PE compared with that of the PE. Using differential pulse voltammetric method as sensitive strategy, the CdO/CNTs/HMIZBr/PE showed linear dynamic range 0.004-500 µM with detection limit of 0.9 nM to determine the gallic acid. In addition, real sample analysis data showed the powerful ability of the CdO/CNTs/HMIZBr/PE to determine the gallic acid in white rice.

Dementia is a progressive disorder with severe cognitive decline, behavioral problems, and lack of movement in daily life activities. Simultaneous resistance training and active participation in mental, physical, and emotional activities can delay the onset of dementia in the elderly.In explaining brain-compatible teaching methods, the combination of cognitive learning effects, physical activity, and the role of emotion in learning should be considered.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the training package based on increased cognitive, emotional and neuromuscular activity in the daily activities of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.In this research study with pre-test and post-test design and control group, 30 elderly people with mild cognitive impairment residing in Kahrizak elderly sanatorium were selected by simple sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups. The participant’s mini mental state examination questionnaire, depression, and social isolation were implemented. Rehabilitation program was conducted in 18 sessions over 8 weeks and 2-3 weeks. Data were analyzed with analysis of covariance model. The experimental group received cognitive rehabilitation intervention and compared with the control group based on the mental state examination scores[F=24, 30, p £0, 01] significantly better cognitive function; depression ratings [F=17, 67, p £0, 01] lower depression rates and based on Barthel's scores [F=29, 78, p £0, 01], they performed better on a daily basis. The results showed that response-based intervention based on enhanced cognitive, emotional, and neuro-muscular activity was effective in improving the cognitive function, reducing depression, and improving the daily activities. Therefore, it is recommended that elderly caregivers use the training program designed in this study to improve the daily functioning of the elderly.In future studies, by examining the neural and infrastructural mechanisms of interventions, educational programs is generalized to the elderly.

Cervical cancer (CC) has imposed a massive global burden. As yet, the first study on the causes and risk factors associated with the CC disease that conducted in Libya aimed at investigating the major cause's CC such as Human papillomavirus (HPV), oral contraceptive, sexually transmitted infections, bisphenol A and nutritional factors might also play a role is the major type, accounting for approximately 16.7% of cases in Libya. The results show the highest incidence of cervical cancer between the ages of ≥95 at 50%, followed by the ages between 55-65 years at 23%, while the lowest rate among women between the ages of 35-45 is 16% and 15- 25 by 11%, respectively. The increase in the infection rate is attributed to several factors as HPV and others.

In this research study, two novel polymers including Schiff base were prepared by condensation reaction of polystyrene-A-NH2 with 5-nitro-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde/or 5-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde. The synthesized polymers were evaluated using the elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TG/DTA). In addition, the antimicrobial and antimutagenic study of the polymers were reported. The antibacterial and antifungal activity were investigated using the diffusion method against pathogenic bacterial strains. PA-TC and PA-FC polymers exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against the S. typhi H. and P. vulgaris, respectively. PA-FC polymer revealed the highest antifungal activity against C. albicans. The antimutagenic effects were evaluated using the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) methods against the sodium azide (NaN3) in human lymphocyte cells. The results demonstrated that the PA-FC polymer have strong antimutagenic properties, especially in the concentration of 20 µg/mL.

The purpose of this study was to Effectiveness of the Reality Therapy Based on Group Choice Theory on Cognitive Flexibility and Marital Satisfaction of Married Women. Methods and Materials: The research method was semi-experimental and the study population included married women in 1397 that lived in Tehran. In this study, available sampling method was used. Sample size According to the conditions of access to the subjects, 30 patients (15 control and 15 experimental groups) were considered. The instrument of this study was a structured diagnostic interview, Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (CFI), and Enrique's Satisfaction Questionnaire. The statistical method used in the research was repeated measures. Results Findings showed that the reality therapy based on choice theory in group method has a significant effect on cognitive flexibility as well as its subscales in married women. Also, reality therapy could have a significant effect on women's satisfaction.

Among the various and modern media, satellite can be mentioned as one of the most popular media all over the world. Satellite is one of the most influential media in the present age, which like other media and means of communication is mainly the product of the West. Some satellite programs and movies contain content in which adherence to family and moral values ​​seems ridiculous and vulgar, as opposed to having free sex, daring sex, and questioning the importance and value of marriage. Is considered to be the result of a free-thinking and progressive view of life and emotional relationships. Asking questions and raising repeated doubts about the views of people who have not been enslaved or are living together, and in return providing views and answering skeptical questions to convince the audience that times have changed and people should not stick. On the other hand, the family as a social institution has always been considered by the legislator and several laws have been enacted in relation to this institution. Apart from the family laws, he also has special rights in terms of religion, morality and custom. These include strengthening the foundations of the family, strengthening the family, raising children, good morals and good company, healthy sexual relations and the emotional and intimate atmosphere of the family.

Nanotechnology is a vast and fast emerging area of scientific research studies resolving several complications related to conservative medication therapies, including underprivileged water solubility, absence of capability to target the problematic cancerous cells in individual bodies, common spreading, universal poisonousness as well as weak therapeutic capabilities. Nanoparticles are developing attractive vital tool of recent investigative studies in all scientific areas of research, particularly in nano scale sciences. Biomedical scope of nanoparticles, specifically of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), especially in cancer therapy is remarkably encouraging through results of modern scientific research studies from all over the world. As per as their biocompatibility and nontoxicity, Surface Plasmon Resonance improved their light absorption and scattering properties. Surface Plasmon Resonance also has improved their capability for conversion of absorbed light in localized heat to make the GNPs extra appropriate, for example, as locating agents for photo-thermal cancer therapy and drug delivery sites. Because they target the cancerous cells as well as infected cells for either actively or passively which cause the thermal ablation of these cells. Furthermore, advanced surface-volume ratio of GNPs assists in activation of their open surface with ligands to target cancerous and infected cells precisely as well as with compatible polymers which makes the GNPs additional appropriate in internal body applications. In this review, we have mainly focused on prospective uses of the GNPs in cancer therapy, concluding that the GNPs are the best drug carrier for cancer treatment and play a most significant role.