Psychology of Woman Journal
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Summer 2023

Undoubtedly, women are one of the important elements of the stability of relationships and married life, and it is necessary to pay attention to the matters related to them. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy (ST) on the feelings of loneliness, cognitive emotion regulation, and distress tolerance among the women injured by marital infidelity in Lahijan, Iran. The population consisted of all women injured by marital infidelity living in Lahijan, Iran. Then, 500 participants were selected using the convenience sampling technique and were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. Participants in both groups were provided with several questionnaires to evaluate their loneliness (Russell et al., 1980), cognitive emotion regulation (Gransefaki and Karaij, 2006), and distress tolerance (Simmons and Gaher, 2005) as the pretest procedure. Later, the experimental group was provided with 8 sessions of schema therapy (taken from Jeffrey Young's book in 1998 and translated by Qadri et al. in 2015), while the control group did not receive any intervention. Then, the above questionnaires were distributed once again among the participants in both groups, and the data were analyzed using the covariance procedure. The results showed that schema therapy had significant effects on the investigated women’s loneliness, cognitive emotion regulation, and distress tolerance (p<0.01).  According to the obtained results, researchers and psychologists can use the schema therapy approach to reduce the feeling of loneliness, cognitive regulation of emotion, and increase distress tolerance in women who have faced betrayal.

Present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy training on self-esteem, self-efficacy and courage of female-headed households. The research design was pretest-posttest with the control group. The statistical population included all female-headed households covered by Karaj Welfare in 1400. Targeted sampling was performed on all eligible individuals from the statistical population. In addition to completing the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire(1965) , Scherer et al. Self-efficacy questionnaires(1982), and Gambrill and Rigi (1975), audacity questionnaires, 40 individuals with the lowest scores in each component were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (20 in each group). The experimental group was then trained in a ten-session schema therapy protocol. Finally, post-test was performed for both groups. Then, the data were analyzed by analysis of covariance in SPSS software version 26. The results of data analysis showed that group training in schema therapy is effective on increasing self-efficacy, self-esteem and courage in female-headed households (p <0.001). According to the research findings, schema therapy group training can be effective on increasing self-efficacy, self-esteem and courage in female-headed households. Therefore, due to the vulnerability of female-headed households, using this approach can be psychologically effective in empowering them

Iranian culture has always been mixed with Persian poetry and literature. Poetry therapy is also considered one of the complementary methods of psychotherapy. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of group poetry therapy of Mazza's multidimensional model (based on Shahnameh Ferdowsi's romantic debates) on Response to Intrusions, automatic thoughts, and affect balance in female students with premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

The research method was quasi-experimental. The statistical population included all students living in the dormitory of Farhangian University of Ardabil, and from this population, during three stages, 20 participants with premenstrual dysphoric disorder were selected as samples in two experimental and control groups. Measures including the Response to Intrusions Questionnaire, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and Affect Balance Scale were performed on both groups, and the poetry therapy protocol based on Shahnameh Ferdowsi's romantic debates was performed on the experimental group.

The findings showed that after controlling the effects of the pre-test, the experimental group had a significant improvement in each of the factors of negative interpretation (F= 40.990, p<0.01), rumination (F=23.367, p<0.01), suppression (F=13.753, p<0.01), distress (F=16.924, p<0.01), automatic thoughts (F=28.874, p<0.01), positive affect balance (F=13.892, p<0.01) and negative affect balance (F=55.887, p<0.01).

Based on findings, Ferdowsi's romantic debates in the context of group therapy can lead to a reduction of PMDD symptoms by launching positive therapeutic components such as catharsis and empathy.

The present study aimed to evaluate the marital adjustment model based on the factors of marital intimacy, self-compassion and job satisfaction. The research design was a correlation of component-based structural equation modeling. 

The statistical population was all married female teachers of high schools in Khorramabad city in 2021 -2022. The sampling method was a multi-stage cluster sampling in which 100 married female teachers responded to the scales of Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), Marital Intimacy Scale (MIS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ). In order to analyze the data, SPSS 23 software was used for descriptive statistics, and PLS software was used to evaluate the model's fit.

The research findings showed that the model has a high fit and that the predictive power of the model is appropriate. Among the variables, marital intimacy, with a factor loading of 0.68, has the greatest impact on marital adjustment, and the variables of self-compassion and job satisfaction, with factor loadings of 0.165 and 0.160, are in the second and third positions, respectively.

The results showed that self-learning variables marital intimacy and job satisfaction positively and significantly affect marital adjustment.

Violence against women is a severe mental health problem. Much research has been done separately on the perception of risk, socioeconomic status (SES), and coping strategies of women who are victims of domestic violence. This study aims to investigate how women's risk perception and socioeconomic status affect their choice of coping strategies and to compare women who are victims of violence with women who have not experienced domestic violence. 

The statistical population is married women in Iran, 312 women were selected as a sample through random sampling. To measure the variables, four questionnaires were used: Ghodratnama's Socioeconomic Status (SES), Haj-Yahia's Questionnaire of Violence Against Women, Benthin Risk Perception Scale, and Jalowiec Coping Scale. After the data collection stage, the relationship between the variables was analyzed using SPSS software and Pearson's correlation and linear regression.

In women victims of violence, risk perception was significantly related to fatalistic and palliative strategies, and SES was significantly related to evasive strategy (p<0.05). In women who were not subjected to domestic violence, risk perception had a significant relationship with optimistic, fatalistic, and emotive strategies (p<0.05). The correlation coefficient between risk perception and fatalistic and emotive strategy was very weak and can be ignored.

The present study showed that the perception of risk affects the fatalistic and palliative coping strategies of women who are victims of violence, and their low socioeconomic status leads to more use of passive strategies such as evasive. And women who have not experienced domestic violence, the less they see themselves in danger of violence, the more they will use optimistic strategies.

Numerous studies indicate the existence of fears, tensions, legal conflicts and traumatic interpersonal relationships and their subsequent low quality of life in patients with borderline personality. The purpose of this research was to compare the ways of dealing with marital disputes and the communication pattern of couples in married women with and without borderline personality. 

The current research was a causal-comparative study and the participants were selecting by random available sampling method in Qom city in 2018, including 100 subjects and 50 individuals for each group, and among them, Leichsenring’s borderline personality questionnaire (1999), Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2, 2004) and Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ, 1984) were distributed. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS software and univariate analysis of variance.

There was a significant difference between the marital discord scales and couples' communication patterns in women with and without borderline personality, with 99% confidence. Based on the obtained data, the components of the scale of marital disputes (injury, sexual abuse, verbal abuse, physical violence, mental violence) and the scale of couples' communication patterns in women with and without borderline personality, showed more than 47% of the effect, in women with and without borderline personality.

The results showed that self-learning variables marital intimacy and job satisfaction positively and significantly affect marital adjustment.

This research aimed to measure the effectiveness of the transactional analysis on women's quality of life and marital dissatisfaction of divorced women in Kashan City. 

This research was applied in terms of purpose, and its method was quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the research included all divorced women of Kashan City. Thirty divorced women from Kashan City, 15 (experimental group) and 15 (control group) were selected as the sample size. The data collection tool was Pines Marital Burnout Questionnaire (1996) and Var and Sherbon Quality of Life Questionnaire (1992). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and SPSS26 software was used to analyze the research data.

TA significantly affected the experimental group's quality of life (physical function, social function, physical role-playing, emotional role-playing, mental health, vitality, physical pain, and general health) and marital burnout (physical fatigue, emotional exhaustion, and psychological exhaustion). 

The research showed that TA increases the quality of life and reduces the marital dissatisfaction of divorced women in Kashan City.

 This study aims to compare the effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) enriched with compassion in altering marital burnout among women seeking divorce.

Methods and Materials: 

Statistical population of this study consisted of all women seeking divorce in District 4 of Tehran city in the year 2021, who were selected from counseling centers supervised by the Organization of Psychology and Welfare through convenience sampling. Next, Pines’ (1996) Marital Burnout Questionnaire were distributed for completion, and 45 individuals who scored high on these scales were selected as the sample and randomly placed into two experimental groups and one control group (each group consisting of 15 individuals). For data analysis, descriptive statistical methods (frequency indices, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance) using SPSS-24 were employed.

 Results indicated no significant difference between the ISTDP and ACT enriched with compassion in altering marital burnout. Both groups showed improvement compared to the control group, but no significant difference was noted between the two in terms of effectiveness.

 Both ISTDP and ACT enriched with compassion are effective in reducing marital burnout among women seeking divorce, with no significant difference in effectiveness between the two. This suggests that both therapeutic approaches can be beneficial in this context. Future research should consider broader and more diverse samples, longer follow-up periods, and comparisons to active control groups to further understand the sustained impact and efficacy of these therapies.