نشریه طراحی و برنامه ریزی در معماری و شهرسازی
پیاپی 1 (پاییز 1402)

This article addresses the methodological shortcomings in the study of urban spaces in Iran and highlights the usefulness of ethnographic research in motion for urban and urban design studies based on fieldwork on gender relations in the physical space of the Tehran Bazaar. It also examines the innovative approaches employed by the authors in applying this method. The ethnographic research in motion concerning the chosen case study provides insights into the formation and remembrance of a sense of place during movement in the bazaar, critical interventions in space through women's navigation and crossing of gendered boundaries within the market, the creation of new spaces, as well as the rhythm of women's presence in the space, which encompasses both long movements and short stops, and their specific decision-making processes for navigating the unique physicality of the market .The results of this article demonstrate that the use of ethnography in motion, particularly in movement-based urban space studies, is valuable. In addition to providing analyses of people's emotions and experiences at different points in their presence within the space, it offers a macro-level perspective on people's trajectories and locations in the space, providing researchers with a unique set of data on the formation of perceived space and enabling specific analytical capabilities not easily accessible through other methods. Ethnography in motion can contribute to a deeper understanding of the gendering of the environment, the inclusivity of the urban environment, and the overall production and appropriation of space by different groups and segments of society, showcasing the critical engagement of groups (in this case, women) with the dominant spatial discourse. When the knowledge gained through this approach intersects with the qualitative qualities of the analyzed environment, it can be highly beneficial in designing urban spaces that cater to the diverse segments of society.

The term attachment to a place refers to the emotional impact of a place that people are attracted to in a sensory and cultural sense, and it is a symbolic connection with a place that is formed by people to a specific place or a land by giving common cultural emotional and sensory meanings. It is also the basis of how a group or individual perceives a place and how he relates to it; Therefore, investigating the features that cause attachment to place in children is an essential matter that has been addressed in this research. Constructivist researchers consider children as social beings, autonomous and dynamic with special wants and needs which always interact with the physical and social environment around them, and distinct concepts are created in their minds in a certain field. The best development time for creativity occurs between the ages of 2 and 10 years. Also, no institution has specifically taken over the empty space between school and home, so in this research, a creative center for children of 6 to 10 years is considered.The main question of this research is what are the characteristics of the creativity center of 6-10 year old children with the approach of attachment to the place? In this regard, this qualitative and descriptive-analytical research was conducted based on the review of library resources. Then, the data was collected by distributing 120 questionnaires among children aged 6 to 10 years in the neighborhood of Shahrek Gharb, Tehran, who were selected by purposive sampling. This information is in the software environment of S. P. S. It was analyzed by applying appropriate statistical tests according to the research hypotheses. The result of the analysis showed that among the 4 factors of attachment to the place, in order, the attachment to the place with 35% had the highest share among the variables and was placed in the first priority is Social connection with 28% is ranked second, emotional attachment is ranked third with 20% of the total, and place identity variable is ranked last with 17% compared to other variables.

This paper aims to evaluate post-occupancy criteria in academic educational buildings, considering the dynamic nature of buildings and their susceptibility to internal and external environmental changes. The study emphasizes the importance of post-occupancy evaluation and user participation as a means to address the limitations of building usage. By engaging users and designers in a two-way interaction, the aim is to enhance building residents' satisfaction and improve overall performance.The research focuses on assessing the alignment between user needs and the functional response of the building, comparing these responses to established design standards. The quantitative growth of universities and the lack of qualitative development in educational spaces make this research crucial. A qualitative-quantitative (hybrid) approach was used for this study.After determining the criteria for post-occupancy assessment, the research evaluated the effectiveness of the design of an art college and the quality of education provided. A specially designed questionnaire was completed by 50 verified and reliable participants who were the main users of the college. The sample size was determined to be 3,000 people, with 341 individuals selected as the statistical population.The questionnaire assessed the current state by scoring various factors on a scale of 1 to 5. Content validity was established through expert opinions, and reliability was determined using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) in SmartPLS software were employed to analyze the data. This analysis identified the relationship between research variables and evaluated their impact on the design. Components were prioritized based on their scores, and less significant components were disregarded. This process led to the development of structural equations, path coefficient models, and factor loadings for the conceptual model. Based on the model and analysis of findings, including climatic information and design standards, the research proposes design solutions for the educational space of the faculty of art and architecture in Islamic Azad University- South Tehran Branch.

One of the architectural design components that affects energy consumption and environmental comfort conditions is building envelopes. Among today's solutions to improve the efficiency of building envelopes is to establish a structural relationship between architecture, environment and biology. The focus of this study is on the characteristics of the cactus plant in water absorption and its purpose is to innovate in pattern design with the ability to save energy and improve lighting quality and user satisfaction with the light conditions of the space, by using Biomimicry in Building Envelope design. The present research has been done in two steps; in the first step, data collection in relation to the cactus plant was done by studying documentary-research sources and data were analyzed by descriptive-analytical method. Then, using the results of the analysis, the building shell model is designed and simulated. In the second step, a building model is used as a basis for simulation and the amount of brightness and glare from daylight, using the Climate Studio plugin, once in normal mode and again when the shell was on the building model was simulated and calculated. The results showed that by examining the mechanism of Water absorption and storage in the cactus and the equivalence of trichomes, epidermis and mucosa of this plant, achieved a model for building shells based on the maximum absorption of rainwater and moisture at dawn, as well as shading the facade of the building. Although according to the simulations, the proposed model reduces the index (sDA) by 1.4%, but in contrast, reduces the index (ASE) by 48%, which is a significant amount of improving indoor user comfort.

Development of many human abilities and aspects including creativity begins in the childhood. As children put imagination into action at early childhood ages and they are influenced by the surroundings, designing proper social spaces such as kindergartens for them is of great importance. On the other hand, with the proper use of environmental factors such as color, the design of kindergarten as a children's social space can be carried out in an appropriate method. The purpose of this study is to consider the design ideals, based on attention to children's creativity in kindergartens and child centers. By studying, the ideas related to the design of children spaces and the effects of color on them, and analyzing the factors such as color on children; it is possible to create a space for them to increase their motivation and creativity. The research method of this study is qualitative in a descriptive and analytical manner with a statistical population consisting of 120 children aged 2-5years who were randomly selected from six kindergartens in Tehran. Data are collected by analyzing case studies of successful kindergartens in Iran and other countries, and visual questionnaires for children. Results indicate that color is one of the effective parameters that the reasonable using of it in kindergarten space can provide a suitable platform for children's creativity to achieve.

Recognition and analysis of the works of contemporary architects in Iran is of particular importance, in this regard, the concepts of the influence of Western architecture on the thought of Iranian architects and the evolution of modern, modern and postmodern styles and the differentiation of each of these styles have a significant impact on the recognition of the works of architects such as Nader Ardalan. Reviewing the works and thoughts of Iranian architects in the post-modern period indicates the existence of an attempt to find the relationship between the architecture of Iran yesterday and today. The most important goal of this article is essays about the vision of Nader Ardalan as an author architect based on the characteristics of post-modern style. With the assumption that the vision of Nader Ardalan in the works left by him has an impact on Iran's post-modern style, in this research, it will answer the research question with a comparative research plan. In this paper, first the postmodern style has been studied, then Nader Ardalan's works have been analyzed according to the postmodern style, and some features are considered according to the Jenks table including ideology, style and design idea, and finally similarities of Ardalan's works with postmodern features have been analyzed. The research results of his works show his adherence to tradition in spatial arrangement and organization of volumes and forms. It can be said that most of Nader Ardalan's works have features of postmodern style. In terms of purpose, more traditionalism and historicism of the climate can be pointed out, and in terms of design ideas, the use of traditional Iranian architecture pattern and the use of rectangle, square, and central courtyard elements.