Journal of Basic and Clinical Veterinary Medicine
Volume:4 Issue: 1, Sep 2023

The objective of this study was to test xylose monosaccharide sugar on buffalo epididymal sperm kinetic parameters at 37 ˚ C, of up to 24 h. Testes with epididymis were collected after death at urmia industrial abattoir, testes were recovered within 30 min after slaughter. Paired cauda epididymides from each mature buffalo bull were sliced and sperms transferred into tubes containing tissue culture medium (TCM, 199) with 10% bovine serum albumin at 37 ˚ C. Different levels of xylose (0,1, 3, 5, 10, 15 mM) were added into TCM-199 containing sperms (40-50×106 sperm/ml), with 10%, bovine serum albumin. Then samples were incubated at 37 ˚ C. Thereafter, at 1,3,5,7,10,12 and 24 hours incubation times, kinetics of at least 1 thousand sperms per samples were recorded with computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Results revealed that the motility parameters till 12 hrs did not show any significant differences between groups, actually no significant difference was observed between control and xylose groups means .But at 24 h, after incubation the means of xylose levels were lower than that of the control specially at 15 mM of xylose level the difference with control was significant (p<0.05). It is concluded that the xylose at high levels significantly reduce the kinetic parameters of buffalo bull epididymal sperm, especially at 24 h after incubation. Therefore, the usage of xylose sugar and at the high levels is not recommended for the energy supply of Buffalo bull epididymal sperm at 37 ˚ C incubation in TCM 199.

The use of donkey milk is increasing due to its nutritional properties and lack of allergenic proteins. The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying native Lactobacillus bacteria. 3 samples of donkey milk were collected from Benab, Maragheh, and Naqdeh cities of the Azerbaijan region randomly and in heed with sterile conditions. The samples were cultured in MRS agar and specific tests were performed on the grown colonies to identify Lactobacillus. Molecular identification of the isolates was done based on the amplification of the 16S rDNA gene using specific primers and polymerase chain reaction. Lactobacillus species were analyzed by sequencing the 16S rDNA gene and drawing a phylogenic tree.  Based on PCR results, 3 isolates of Lactobacillus were detected. The results of sequence analysis showed that two isolates are highly similar to Lactobacillus plantarum and one isolate to Lactobacillus fermentum. Therefore, it can be concluded that Lactobacillus plantarum is the dominant species in donkey milk in the Azerbaijan region of Iran. Due to the probiotic potential of lactobacillus isolates from donkey milk, it is suggested to be used in the production of probiotic milk products.

Methylxanthine supplementation has resulted in better seminal characteristics in fresh and cryopreserved spermatozoa. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of methylxanthines such as pentoxifylline, theophylline, and caffeine on the post-thaw quality of buffalo bull spermatozoa. The semen was collected from four mature regular donor buffalo bulls. The ejaculates having more than 80% motility were pooled, split into four aliquots, and then diluted in Tris-citric acid-based extender having different concentrations of pentoxifylline (3.5mM), caffeine(10mM), theophylline(25Mm), and control (without additives). All semen extenders were cooled to 4◦C within 2 hours, equilibrated at 4◦C for four then filled in 0.5 ml French straws and frozen in a programmable cell freezer before plunging into liquid nitrogen. Semen was thawed at 37◦C for 40 seconds after a week of storage inside liquid nitrogen. Of the three additives, only supplementation of pentoxifylline in cryopreservation extender significantly improved total and progressive semen motility relative to that of untreated control (P<0.05). Pentoxifylline also increased plasma membrane integrity and some motion patterns such as curvilinear velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP), and straight-line velocity (VSL) when compared to theophylline, caffeine, or control (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed for acrosomal integrity and DNA damage of frozen-thawed buffalo spermatozoa in an extender containing methylxanthines. The findings of this study showed that supplementation of methylxanthines such as pentoxifylline in semen cryopreservation extender has more potential to elevate motility and membrane integrity of buffalo frozen-thawed spermatozoa.

Campylobacter species are the most common bacterial cause of diarrhea in humans. The present study investigated the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolated from raw milk in Urmia, Iran. Eighty raw cow milk samples were randomly collected from traditional dairy retailers in different regions of Urmia by sterile conditions in 2018. First, the samples were enriched in supplemented Preston broth, and then they were streaked onto supplemented Campylobacter agar and incubated at 42 °C for 48 h in microaerophilic conditions. Biochemical tests, such as hippurate hydrolysis and susceptibility or resistance to nalidixic acid, were performed to identify the species of isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity test on isolates was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Thirteen samples (16.25%) were contaminated with Campylobacter spp. The prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni (13.75%) was higher than Campylobacter coli isolates (2.5%). The Campylobacter isolates showed high resistance against tetracycline (100%), co-trimoxazole (84%), ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and chloramphenicol (69.2%) while exhibiting moderate resistance to ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin (46.2%) and low resistance to gentamicin (30.8%). Moreover, nine isolates (69.2%) showed multi-drug resistance (MDR). It can be concluded the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. and their MDR strains in distributed raw cow milk in Urmia is high. It is recommended to improve animal health and milk hygiene, prevent the overuse of antibiotics in dairy farms, and pasteurize milk.Keywords: Raw milk, Campylobacter species, Antibiotic resistance pattern, Urmia, Iran

Brain structure is always the first dam against effect drug delivery to treatment of neurologic disorders. Oxidative stress is a critical condition in the pathogenesis of neurologic disorders. N-acetylcysteine amide(NACA), a lipophilic derives of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) that showed a great potential to treatment of oxidative based disorder especially in the brain. we evaluated 83 publications whose title contain NACA. Cast a glance on all the document which showed NACA has protective effect on toxins-drugs toxicity. Most of the articles reported that NACA is a great therapeutic option for cataracts and eye disorders. Hematologic problem and kidney related disorders is a target for NACA. Then, we focused on the neurological application of NACA. It is well-documented that the bio effects of NACA is mediated by antioxidant properties via –SH group. It is more bioavailable and potent than NAC. is significantly higher than NAC. The lipophilic structure confers promising effect to NACA for brain disorders treatment range from trauma to toxins and neurotransmitter toxicity.

Background and Aim Fibrosarcoma is a deadly tumor rarely derived from fibrous connective tissue. This malignant tumor grows slowly, and its main characteristics are the proliferation of immature fibroblasts or undifferentiated anaplastic spindle cells. The etiology of this tumor is unknown, while rarely leads to metastasis. A 3.5-year-old rabbit was referred to the veterinary clinic due to anorexia. After the examination, an ultrasound of the abdominal area was performed, which showed evidence of a tumor. The case was subsequently referred to radiography to investigate for any metastasis. After that, surgery was performed to remove the tumor mass from the ovaries and uterus, which weighed 120 grams. After taking a tissue sample and fixating it in a 10% buffered formalin buffer solution, it was referred to the pathology laboratory. The tissue was processed, sliced into 5-micron sections, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin as well as Masson's trichrome stainings. Our findings showed malignant changes such as spindle-shaped cells with unusual nuclei and mitotic figures, random growth patterns, and collagen fibers in all directions, in addition to the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Finally, the sample was diagnosed as fibrosarcoma. It should be noticed that regarding this tumor type, surgery is the recommended approach. However, if surgery is not possible, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can also be used. Same as this case, even after successful surgery, the animal should be monitored due to the possibility of recurrence. It should be noted that after 7 months, the animal's condition was reported to be good.

A ten-year-old female unspayed terrier, weighing 13 kg, presented for chronic abdominal distention, urinary incontinence, and pollakiuria suspected of urinary bladder infection. Physical examination revealed abdominal pressure with pain in palpation. Other clinical signs of the vital organs were in the normal range. Hematology and biochemistry and urinalysis were done. Hematological examination, due to neutrophilia, showed increased white blood cell count (27.6 X 109/L). Other hematological parameters were in the normal range. Biochemical parameters including, albumin, total protein, creatinine, globulin, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and uric acid were in normal range except alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (160 IU/L) was higher than the normal range. Radiography and ultrasonography revealed an abdominal mass, measuring (100mm X 74mm X 56mm) near the descending colon. Ventrodorsally (VD) abdominal radiography demonstrated an oval soft tissue mass with areas of mineralization, caudal of the abdomen which displaced descending colon left laterally and was adjacent to the left kidney. Exploratory laparotomy was performed to remove the fatty mass. Histopathological examination revealed a necrotic and moderately calcified cystic lipoma.