Journal of Basic and Clinical Veterinary Medicine
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Dec 2022

The most common cause of male infertility is men’s inability to produce a sufficient number of normal sperms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of pomegranate seeds on testosterone level and some sperm parameters in male mice. Forty male mice were divided into 5 groups including control, control-sham and three group treated with doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/bw of hydro-alcoholic extract of pomegranate seeds. The extract was administered for 30 days by intra peritoneal injection. At the end of the 30th day of treatment period, serum testosterone levels were measured. The weight of the testes and parameters of the sperm count, the percentage of sperm viability, immature sperms and sperms with damaged DNA were measured. The increase in the weight of the testes, the number of sperms, the percentage of fertilization and the decrease in the percentage of sperms with DNA damage were significant only in the treatment group with a dose of 500 mg/kg /bw (P<0.05). In addition, the increase in the serum level of testosterone, the percentage of sperm viability and the decrease in the percentage of immature sperms in the treatment groups with the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg/bw were significant (P<0.05). Antioxidant compounds and androgenic properties of hydro-alcoholic extract of pomegranate seeds improve the quality of sperm parameters in male mice.

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the factors that weakens the immune system, which causes severe economic damage to the poultry industry. Levamisole hydrochloride as an anti-parasitic drug also has immunogenic effects. This study was aimed to investigate the stimulating and strengthening effects of Levamisole hydrochloride on the immune system of broiler chickens vaccinated against infectious bursal disease. A total of 108 one-day-old chicks (Ross308) were divided into three groups considering 18 chicks in each group. In the first group, oral Levamisole hydrochloride from the first day until the end of the breeding period and in the second group, was administrated simultaneously with the infectious bursal disease vaccine from the 19th day until the end of the breeding period. The third group (control) did not take any medicine. Blood samples were taken from each group on the 29th and 40th days for ELISA test and the percentage of blood lymphocytes. The statistical results showed a significant difference in the effect of Levamisole hydrochloride in the first and second groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). The weight of the cloacal bursa and spleen increased in the study groups compared to the control group at the end of the period. According to the results, it can be concluded that Levamisole hydrochloride can strengthen the immune effect of IBD vaccine.

Diabetes is one of the most common glandular diseases. Delay in wound healing process is known as a major challenge in these patients. Fenugreek is known to have therapeutic effects. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate the oral administration of fenugreek seed aqueous extract (FSE) on wound healing in the experimental animal model. An excisional model was created on 24 rats. Streptozotocin was administrated in order to induce the diabetes. A surgery was performed and a circular wound with a diameter of 6 mm was created on the dorsal surface of each rat. Animals were divided into 4 groups including non-diabetic, diabetic control and diabetic treated rats, with oral administration of different doses of FSE (200 and 400 mg/kg). The wound area, histological parameters, blood glucose and insulin levels were measured on days 3, 7 and 16. The results showed that the wound area and blood glucose were significantly decreased in FSE-treated animals in comparison with diabetic control from day 7 (P<0.05). It can be suggested to use oral fenugreek seed aqueous extract on improved the blood sugar and wound healing in diabetic rats.

The family of Ixodidae is one of the greatest tick families of domestic animals that includes 13 genera and 650 species in five subfamilies. The goal of this research is the assessment of the cattle and domestic buffalos’ contaminations development to differentiate the tick family from the quantitative aspect and also the determination of the found tick species diversity in Miandoab. In this study, conducted from the early spring 2016 to the late winter in 2017, 406 ticks were collected and identified from the total cattle and buffaloes studied; 187 ticks were collected and identified. From all cattle studied, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, with 179 numbers (44.09%), was identified as the most infesting agent, and Boophilus annulatus, with three numbers (0.74%), was identified as the least infecting agent. From the total buffaloes under studied, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, with 101 numbers (54.01%), was identified as the highest cause of infection, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus, with 21 numbers, (11.23%) was identified as the least infecting agent (P<0.05). In the current study, in terms of seasonal prevalence of hard tick infection, the highest level of infection was observed in spring and the lowest levels of infection were observed in winter (P<0.05). Maximum rates of hard ticks were observed in the groin and minimums were observed on the surface of the testicles (P<0.05).

Betaine, a multifunction molecule, has a cardio protective feature but the mechanism is not well-understood. Hence, we evaluated the effect of betaine on cardiac tissue and serum biomarkers. Betaine administered to Albino rats at 50, 150 and 250 mg/kg, and sham group received deionized water. Myocardial infarction was induced by isoproterenol (100 mg/kg). The tunnel test and immunohistochemistry were performed on heart tissue to detect apoptosis and nitric oxide levels respectively. Serum levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured with colorimetric methods. The apoE and Bcl-2 gene expression were measured by RT-PCR in heart tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The results showed that betaine pretreatment at 250mg/kg for 60 days which reduces the apoptotic cells in the heart tissue after isoproterenol-induced myocardial infraction (P= 0.038). Cardiac Bcl-2 levels were upregulated by betaine, in which the maximum levels were observed in 150 mg/kg dosage. Similar finding was observed in the apoE expression in PBMCs. The tissue NOS levels were not change by betaine pretreatment significantly. Both superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxidation levels were reduced by betaine pretreatment dose dependently. Our results confirm the protective effect of betaine pretreatment that is mediated by Bcl-2 and anti-oxidative properties.

A 4-year-old castrated male Persian cat with three years history of inflammatory and ulcerative lesions in the gingiva and periodontal areas of the right up jaw was referred to a veterinary clinic in Isfahan city of Iran. The clinical signs included gingival ulceration, oral pain, inappetence, ptyalism, halitosis, and chronic loss of weight. The condition was diagnosed clinically as Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis. Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition and a painful, debilitating disease of cats. For confirmation of diagnosis, the lesions were sampled for histopathologic examination. Histopathologic examination revealed a chronic inflammatory reaction with infiltration of plasma cells and Lymphocytes predominantly and variable numbers of neutrophils and macrophages. The presence of immune cells in the lesions was followed up by immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD79a, and IgG. The most dominant cells in the lesions were CD79a+ and IgG+ plasma cells. The CD3+ cells incidence concerning the severity of the lesion was high as well.