Journal of Basic and Clinical Veterinary Medicine
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Sep 2020

Fungi are normal inhabitants of the equine ocular surfaces. However, they can cause keratomycosis under certain conditions. This work was aimed at identifying the fungal flora of the normal conjunctiva of donkeys in Iran and to determine the effect of gender and age variations on the flora. Samples were collected from both eyes of 120 healthy donkeys, aged 1-12 years, and subsequently cultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. Totally, 92.08% of specimens were culture-positive for one to six different species of fungi (overall 10 genera and 13 species were isolated). The most common fungal genera were Candida (33.01%), Alternaria (25.91%), Penicillium (16.89%) and Aspergillus (11.70%). Yeasts (Candida, Rhodotorula and Geotrichum spp) represented 38% of the isolates. Age and sex of donkeys appeared to influence the isolation rate of some fungal species. A positive correlation was found between the age and number of fungal species isolated per eye (r=0.187; P=0.008). Isolated fungi were similar to those reported previously for equine species, although the prevalence of yeasts was higher which may be due to geographical differences.

Listeriosis is a zoonotic disease in humans and a wide range of domestic and wild animals and also some birds. The main purpose of the current study is to determination of anti-Listeria monocytogenes sero-prevalence in horses by latex agglutination test in southeast of Iran. A total of 163 serum samples were obtained from apparently healthy horses of equestrian clubs in Kerman and Yazd provinces - Iran. Listeria monocytogenes antibodies were found in 34 out of the 163 sera (20.85%). The latex agglutination test can be considered as an appropriate screening test in the early stages of diagnosis.

Toxoplasmosis, is an important worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. This disease is transmitted mainly through the ingestion of tissue cysts in contaminated raw or undercooked meat, or through sporulated oocysts in food, soil and water. The objective of the present study was determination of anti-Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalencein the horses inKermanandYazdprovinces by latex agglutination test. Therefore, 163 serum samples were collected from apparently healthy horses at race clubs in Kerman and Yazd provinces and evaluated by latex agglutination test. According to the results, antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii were detected in 71 sera (43.56 %) among 163 samples.  So there are some sero-positive cases in horse population of Kerman and Yazd provinces.

Ultrasonography of the thyroid gland is a non-invasive method for evaluating its size, which can be used to examine the initial increase in the volume of the gland in live foals. In this study, the ultrasonography, as a standard method, was used to measure the extent of the thyroid gland. For this purpose, 14 Kurdish foals were selected which the age of those was between 2 and 90 days. In each of the foals, the size of the thyroid gland was measured with ultrasonographic method of three standardized axes and total volume (VSON) was calculated using the formula for an ellipsoid body. Variability of ultrasonographic measurements was dependent on side and axis, and ranged between 3.04-7.35 percent. The relationship between body weight and thyroid volume was significant. Generally, the thyroid size of the foals can be calculated by evaluating ultrasonography in three axes and comparing with predicted values based on body weight.

Atresia coli is a rare congenital abnormality that result in an inability to pass feces since birth. Signs of colic progressed during 24 hours of first life in this defect. The equine large intestine consists of the following segments: cecum, large colon, and small colon. Colon is the segment of intestine that most often involved (Atresia coli). The popular theory related to the pathogenesis of intestinal atresia is vascular accident. If the foal can’t pass meconium during 12 hours after birth ,it could be described as ‘retained meconium’. Atresia coli can diagnosed by clinical signs, physical examinations and diagnostic imaging. surgical prognosis of atresia coli is poor. In this study a Darehshouri foal was presented with signs of colic and absence of meconium repelling. The final diagnosis of partial agenesis of the right dorsal colon (type III colon atresia) was confirmed during laparotomy. End to end anastomosis between remained right dorsal and transverse colon was done.

Parasitic infestation is one of the most common problem in horses breeding worldwide as in Iran. Oxyuris equi belongs to Nematodes and involves gastrointestinal tract and perineal region of equines. In this study, occurrence of an unusual form of Oxyuriasis in an adult horse in Iran, Tabriz is reported. In autumn of 2018 a Kurd stallion with symptoms of itching and some deep and corrosive lesions in perineal region and around anus was examined at one of equestrian clubs of Tabriz province. Vital signs of animal were normal. The wounds had spread around perineum, above the extremities and even below the tail, a big corrosive and progressive lesion had developed. After collecting feces samples and parasitological test, eggs and even larvae of Oxyuris equi were observed. According to the clinical and parasitological examinations, involvement of Oxyuriasis was considered. Treatment of the disease started with anti-parasitic drugs such as pyrantel, oxybendazole and ivermectin, although the lesions were disinfected with iodide solution, vitamin A+D ointment and Tetracycline. The lesions were recovered over than 90%, about 20 days after treatment. As in the report, oxyuriasis can be seen unusual form as corrosive and progressive lesions in perineal region in even adult horses.