نشریه پژوهش های برنامه ریزی درسی و آموزشی
سال دهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1399)

The purpose of this study was to provide an optimal model of in-service training program for teachers with respect to pedagogical, andragogy and heutagogy educational approaches. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of its method of data collection. Qualitative research method has been fulfilled by Delphi method. Objectives, content, learning strategies and evaluation of the three approaches are extracted and the proposed model is validated. The research population consists of in-service teachers, specialists in the field of curriculum, and learning psychology in Khuzestan province. The study utilized purposive sampling method which continued until theoretical saturation and finally 10 people participated in this study as the study sample. The data of this research have been analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Findings showed that the elements and components of the proposed model include objectives (cognitive, attitudinal and skill), content, teaching-learning methods and evaluation. The Delphi method was used to validate the model. In-service training courses are one of the most important and effective training courses in the professional development and professional competencies of teachers, in such a way that these courses can have a great impact on the teachers' work process if they meet the basic learning needs of teachers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hidden curriculum. In this study, it was found that the hidden curriculum should be considered a conceptual capital of curriculum development. To collect this information, databases such as iranmedexT, SID, magiran, pubmed, science, and the issues of Studies of Higher Education Curriculum with the keywords curriculum, hidden curriculum, higher education, hidden curriculum components and a combination of them were searched between 2000 and 2020. Studies that examined the role of hidden curriculum components during higher education were selected via purposive sampling method from among the 40 articles reviewed, and 15 related articles, and then, according to the components of the hidden curriculum, related materials on the concept of the hidden curriculum, theories of the hidden curriculum, the components of the hidden curriculum in higher education were extracted from related articles and were structured. The results of this study show why the designers and curriculum planners of the higher education system The development of students is planned and planned, the curriculum is formal and no hidden aspects of the curriculum are considered. Special attention should be paid to this dimension of the curriculum to provide fundamental changes in the field of student education.

Abstract      The purpose of this study is to investigate the underlying factors in the transfer of entrepreneurial beliefs to students of vocational schools in Gilan province. The research method is a combination of exploratory and qual-quan that addresses the relevant components. The research population in the qualitative section consisted of 34 experts of the Department of Education, 20 of whom were purposefully selected and from whom the semi-structured interview data were collected. Using Morgan table, 148 people were selected by simple random sampling method to collect information related to research questionnaires. To analyze the data in the qualitative part as coding and quantitative part as structural equations, MaxQDA and Smart PLS 2.0 were used, respectively. Findings of this study showed that underlying factors (such as family, government support, etc.) affect the transfer of entrepreneurial beliefs (p<0.05). As a result, it can be stated that entrepreneurship has an effective role in the growth and development of the country by creating employment, proportional distribution of incomes, reducing social anxiety, exploiting and activating the resources, improving the quality of life, discovering the needs of inventing and developing new goods and services. According to the findings of the present study, teaching entrepreneurship in textbooks in primary schools is very necessary because the textbooks are the most important educational media that teachers and students use every day.

Students worry about how others will assess their physical appearance during exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of participatory and competitive teaching on sports participation of students with limb social anxiety. 250 female middle school students were selected through cluster sampling and were then randomly divided into three samples of 40 participants. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and covariance with repeated measures and paired t-test, Box, Greenhouse-Geiser and Machley. In the pre-test and post-test, all individuals completed the Sports Motivation and Social Anxiety and Self-Esteem Questionnaire. After 14 sessions, a post-test was administered. The selected samples participated in the pre-test, which included physical and motor fitness factors. Both competitive and participatory teaching methods were effective on students with limb anxiety, but the effect of participatory teaching is positive and stable. Competitive approach, although leading to increased sports participation, reduces self-esteem and increases anxiety. Collaborative teaching is more effective than competitive teaching in reducing social anxiety and increasing sports participation.

 The purpose of this study was to investigate the views of student-teachers in the field of educational sciences at Fars Farhangian University about the current and optimal status of the curriculum in the field of educational sciences (primary education), based on teacher skills. For this purpose, out of 208 senior students of educational sciences according to Krejcie Morgan table, 130 were randomly selected as a statistical sample. The research method was descriptive-survey and the research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire of teacher skills. One-sample t-test was used to analyze the data. The main aspects of teacher skills being measured in this tool include individual teacher skills, communication, classroom management, effective teaching, use of technology and tools, planning, monitoring and evaluation, research and creativity. These skills are calculated in ten elements of Acker curriculum model in both existing and optimal situations. The results show that none of the curriculum elements are at the optimal level. Among these, the element of teacher role in terms of educational skills is the most different from its desired status. Therefore, the curriculum of Farhangian University needs to be modified and enriched in order to be able to inject more skilled teachers into the body of education.

One of the types of anxiety that is very important in society, especially among students, and sometimes reduces the self-esteem of people is the social anxiety of the body. In fact, it is a personality condition that is defined as the degree to which people are concerned about how people look at their bodies. Research shows that people who are very anxious about their body shape are less likely to be present in public, and if they do, they often do so with external motivations. Considering the prevalence of social anxiety in the body and its negative and strong effect on the motivation to participate in peer groups, it is necessary to study this factor and how it interacts with personality traits in terms of the effective effect of participation in groups. Therefore, the present study is a review of studies on the role of limb social anxiety on students' self-esteem. All available resources according to the appropriate keywords are given in this review article. Sources were reviewed and analyzed during the last twenty years (2001-2011). The results of this article showed that (1) There is a positive and significant relationship between social anxiety of the limbs and components of mental health (physical complaints, anxiety, depression, social incompatibility), (2) There is a negative and inverse relationship between social anxiety of the limbs and components of mental health (self-esteem and self-confidence), (3) Limb social anxiety was a negative predictor for participation in peer group. The overall results show that limb social anxiety is a major factor in students' participation in group activities. For a more active presence of these students in group activities, it is recommended that teachers and educators use more active teaching methods. These methods play an effective role in the active presence of students in group activities by raising self-esteem.

The aim of this study was to assess the social skills of ordinary students and compare them with exceptional students with an emphasis on integrated education. The research method employed was descriptive survey, with the statistical population consisting of all normal and exceptional school students in the elementary school of Qom province. The research sample comprised 495 participants randomly chosen through Morgan table. The research instrument was Vinland’s Social Skills Test, whose validity was approved via expert opinion with its reliability equivalent to 0.83% based on Cronbach’s alpha. Descriptive statistics (percentage frequency tables, graphs, central indexes and dispersion) and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data using one-sample T test and Levene’s test. The results showed that the mean of general self-help was 99.73% and 99.99%, self-help in eating 75.54% and 96.49%, self-help in wearing 70.20% and 96.66%, self-leadership 6.93% and 72.74%, occupational issues 69.10% and 96.99%, movement and mobility 67.32% and 94.07%, verbal communication 52.87% and 76.56%, socializing 64.68%  and 99.83% is obtained in exceptional and normal students, respectively.