Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences
Volume:9 Issue: 2, Spring 2023

Hip bone is an enigmatic bone and has surprised investigators every time they tried to determine sex by using any part of hip bone. On the other hand, some parts of the hip bone are liable for decomposition and this makes sex determination of deceased more difficult. Thus, in current study we planned to establish the greater sciatic notch as reliable sex indicator.

The present study was conducted on 50 adult dry human hip bones of unknown age and sex procured from the postgraduate department of anatomy, Government Medical College, Jammu, India. Later, the sex of bones were identified and various parameters under study including width of notch (AB), depth of notch (OC), posterior segment width of notch (OB), total angle of notch (ACB), posterior angle of notch (BCO), Index I of notch (depth/width´100), and Index II of notch (posterior segment/width ´100) were measured and data were analyzed. The data collected was recorded in Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet, compiled and thus subjected to the appropriate analytical statistical tests (t-test) using SPSS v.17 statistical software. P value below 0.05 was considered as significant.

The results of the current study concluded that the maximum width of the notch (AB), total angle of notch (ACB), posterior segment width of notch (OB), Index I of notch (depth/width´100), and Index II of notch (posterior segment/width ´100) were highly indicative of sexual difference as compared to the depth of the notch (OC) and posterior angle of notch (BCO) (p-values below 0.05).

From the results of the current study it is clearly evident that various morphometric measurements of the greater sciatic notch can also be utilized for sex determination, wherein width, depth, posterior segment of the width, total angle, posterior angle, index I and index II can determine the sex of the individual.

SARS-CoV-2 is a new coronavirus type that first appeared in Wuhan, China, and caused a pandemic of respiratory diseases from the end of 2019. Severe infections of this virus can cause incorrect adjustments of cytokine and chemokine responses, which ultimately causes damage to the lung tissue. Corticosteroids are a class of drugs that reduce inflammation and immune system activities in the body. For this reason, many doctors and researchers thought of using corticosteroid treatments to control the cytokine storm.

In this retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study, the files of Covid-19 patients who were admitted to Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, were examined. On the basis of the severity, the patients were grouped into two groups of moderate and severe patients. Patients in each group were then sub-categorized into high dose and low dose, according to the received dose of corticosteroids. Then we investigated the effect of different doses of corticosteroids on the course of recovery of Covid-19 cases.

In the severe group, the patients who received high-dose of corticosteroids had a higher mortality rate as compared to the low-dose group. In both the severe and moderate groups, the LDH level of the patients who received low doses of corticosteroids at the time of discharge were significantly less compared to those who received high doses. In the moderate group, the percentage of lymphocytes in the low-dose corticosteroid group was considerably higher compared to the high-dose corticosteroid group at the time of discharge.

According to the results, in the case of patients with moderate clinical severity, a low dose of corticosteroids improved the disease, but in the case of patients with severe clinical severity, the results were contradictory, which may be caused by interference of other factors such as underlying diseases, the severity of the illness, etc. in the severe group.

platelets play crucial role in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The importance of platelets in the development and spread of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is well known. Most studies tried to find an association between platelet indices and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors; however, the results contradict, and despite the relative ease of obtaining the platelet indices, their use in clinical practice is still limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between platelet indices and other influencing factors including age, gender, underlying diseases, and fat profile in determining the risk of ACS.

From September 2019 to March 2020, a consecutive of 101 patients (76 men and 25 women) admitted to the CCU in firoozabadi hospital, Tehran, Iran, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients who had a history of platelet disorders, myeloproliferative disorders, thyroid dysfunctions, receiving blood products, cancers and chemotherapy, and patients who had missing Mean platelet volume (MPV) in current or prior admissions were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into the MI and the UA (Unstable Angina) groups. Data were presented as means ± SD and qualitative variables as frequency (percentage) were considered. Statistical analyzes were performed with SPSS software version 20.

The mean age of patients was 62.5 ± 13.16 years. Age, gender, underlying disease, troponin, ejection fraction, HDL, LDL, cholesterol, and triglyceride were assessed in the patients. The mean fasting blood sugar and LDL were significantly different between the two groups of MI and Unstable Angina (UA), in which P-values were 0.001 and 0.02, respectively. Comparing platelet indices, including platelet count, PDW, and MPV in the two groups, indicated a difference in the PDW variable (P-value 0.008).

Platelet count did not show any significant changes or relation with MI and UA patients. MPV was not significantly higher in the MI group than the UA group, but higher MPV values were related to a higher mortality rate. Elevated PDW was significantly correlated with both MI groups and mortality, thus can be used as a prognostic factor.

 Proximal humerus fractures comprise almost 5.7% of all fractures and represent the most common humerus fractures (80%). In addition, proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) are the third most common fracture in geriatric patients, typically associated with systemic osteoporosis. Their incidence is expected to triple over the coming three decades. This study aims to evaluate the functional outcome of various treatment modalities (Surgical) for Proximal humerus fracture treatment modalities (Surgical) of Proximal humerus   Fracture.

 This study is a prospective and analytical one. The patients admitted to the orthopaedics ward with fractures of the proximal humerus in the adult age group (above 18) were screened and recruited based on the fulfilment of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fifty patients were taken in which plain radiographs of the shoulder (trauma series, i.e. AP, lateral and axillary view), CT scan if needed, and routine pre-anaesthetic investigations were assessed. For statistical analysis, data were entered into a Microsoft excel spreadsheet and then analyzed by SPSS (version 27.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and GraphPad Prism version 5. Two-sample t-tests for a difference in mean involved independent samples or unpaired samples.

 In our study, 18(36.0%) patients were treated with closed reduction + percutaneous pinning, 9 (18.0%) patients were treated with hemiarthroplasty, and 23(46.0%) patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with PHILOS plate. In our study, 13 (26%) patients had four-part fractures, out of which 5(10.0%) patients had four-part fractures with head split, 23(46.0%) patients had three-part fractures, and 14(28.0%) patients had two-part fractures. In our study, 10(20.0%) patients had Abduction Score 4 (61-90), 22(44.0%) patients had Abduction Score 6 (91-120) and 18(36.0%) patients had Abduction Score 8 (121-150).

 Good surgical skills and experience of the surgeon in the selection are necessary to achieve the correct and best outcome irrespective of the surgical modality chosen. Proper patient selection and thorough knowledge of anatomy and biomechanical principles are the prerequisites for successful surgery and good functional outcome.

 Scientific evidence indicates that oxidative stress (OS) is a major factor in the etiology of male infertility. OS occurs when there is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protective antioxidants. Current study aimed to evaluate some antioxidants and their effects on semen parameters in infertile Iraqi men.

 In this study, 47 infertile males and 21 healthy people as the control group were enrolled. parameters for seminal fluid were including count, motility and morphology for assessment of semen quality. Glutathione, Vitamin E, Zinc and Selenium were also measured.

 Findings showed that sperm counts, percent of sperm motility and percent of normal morphology were significantly lower in the infertile male group compared to healthy group (p<0.001); whereas, abnormal motility and morphology in infertile male group were considerably higher than healthy group (p<0.001). Moreover, Results showed significant decrease in levels of Glutathione, Vitamin E, Zinc and Selenium in the infertile male group than the healthy group (p<0.001). Additionally, study reported a non-significant correlation between glutathione, vitamin E, zinc and selenium with semen parameters (P>0.05), except zinc level which showed significant correlation with the normal morphology of sperm (P<0.05). The results also showed a significant decrease in Vitamin E, Zinc and selenium levels in abnormal infertile groups compared to healthy group.

 We believe that male infertility may be related with low antioxidant levels. Therefore, future studies should concentrate on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as genetic susceptibility and its effects on sperm quality.

Population-based time trend studies show a rising trend in the incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies in India. However, data from the rural population is limited. The aim of this descriptive study was to see the pattern of gastrointestinal cancers and their clinic pathological features in a rural setting hospital.

The pathology reports and case files of gastrointestinal malignancies diagnosed in Indian Red Cross Cancer Hospital, Nellore, India from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021 (2-year period) were reviewed and data analysed by SPSS version 17.

Totally 93 patients were included in the study. Gastrointestinal malignancies were more common in the 6th decade, and showed male preponderance. Anorectal region was the most affected site. Overall, adenocarcinoma was the predominant type of cancer. Most of them presented with well-differentiated tumors.

This study highlights the characteristic trends of gastrointestinal cancer patients in a rural hospital setting. It emphasises the need for data interpolation across various hospital-based cancer registries.

 Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a newly discovered viral illness for which there is no proven cure at this time. We sought to establish the value of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and chest X-ray morphology in determining the severity of COVID-19 disease and to correlate them with related mortality.

 Data of COVID-19 patients with clinical outcomes in a small-designated hospital in Nadiad (Gujarat, India), collected retrospectively from March 15 to May 31, 2020. Patients with COVID-19 had their admission CRP's prognostic value, and chest X-ray morphology assessed.

 Out of 85 patients enrolled, 72 survived and 13 died. With an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.808 (95 percent CI, 0.708–0.885; P=0.001), the ROC curve analysis revealed moderate accuracy to identified mortality. Our model had an elevated CRP value of 0.105 units, which corresponded to an increased mortality rate of 1.11 times (Wald=12.73, 1.11(1.05, 1.18).

 In contrast to the RT-PCR test, our investigation found that CRP and chest X-ray morphology were excellent predictors of earlier diagnosed COVID-19 patients. We want to require a larger sample size and to identify an additional biomarker that reduces mortality.

 Thymus vulgaris L. belonging to the Lamiaceae family has been widely used for medicinal purposes. T. vulgaris essential oil (EO), which is derived from the aerial parts of the plant, has shown potent antimicrobial activities in previous studies. However, its hydrophobic nature limits its application as a natural antimicrobial agent. Focusing on this problem, the objective of this survey was to develop a nano-sized delivery system of the EO not only to enhance the water solubility but also protect it from degradation.

 In this study, T. vulgaris EO-loaded nanoemulsion was prepared using Tween 80 and Span 60 (surfactants) via high-pressure homogenization and physicochemical characteristics, long-term stability and antimicrobial activity on a broad range of microorganisms were evaluated.

 The GC-MS of the EO showed that thymol was the primary compound with a 45.6% value. TEM and AFM images showed the spherical shape of nanoparticles with an average droplet size of 175.6 ± 0.96 nm. Interestingly, the final formulation had significantly lower MICs and MBCs in comparison with pure oil. Furthermore, it showed the lowest MIC and MBC values against Ent. faecalis and B. subtilis, respectively. Regarding the antifungal effects of the formulation, it was more effective on C. albicans than A. niger.

 The obtained data revealed that encapsulation of the EO as nanoemulsion significantly elaborates its antimicrobial properties, which can be considered as an stable and effective antimicrobial formulation for various purposes such as a food preservative.