Journal of Crop Nutrition Science
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Summer 2017

Nano fertilizers are new products which contain readily available nutrients in the nano scale range and are preferred largely due to their efficiency. This research was conducted to assessment the effect of nano chelated of micro nutrient on agronomic traits of Cowpea via factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications during 2016 seasonal year. The treatments included zinc nano chelated (5, 10 and 10 kg.ha-1) and manganese nano chelated (0, 4 and 8 kg.ha-1). The results of analysis of variance showed that effect of nano chelated of zinc and manganese had a significant effect on plant height, pod length, yield and its components also interaction effect of treatments on number of pods per m2, seed yield, biological yield and protein yield was significant. Result of mean comparison revealed the highest plant height (154.54 cm), pod length (13.14 cm), number of pods per m2 (116.47), number of pods per plant (14.52), number of seeds per pod (11.36), seed weight (23.03) and seed yield (210.08 g.m-2) belonged to 10 kg.ha-1 nano zinc chelate zinc treatment and the lowest amount of mentioned traits belonged to control (no fertilizer). Between different level of nano manganese chelate the highest seed yield and its components belonged to 8 kg.ha-1 treatment. According result of interaction of treatments indicated the highest number of pods per m2 (131.6), seed yield (244.7 g.m-2), biological yield (544.5 g.m-2) and protein yield (76.8 g.m-2) belonged to 10 kg.ha-1 nano zinc chelate and 8 kg.ha-1 nano manganese chelate and the lowest amount of mentioned traits belonged to control (no fertilizer). Finally based on result of this research use 10 kg.ha-1 nano zinc chelate and 8 kg.ha-1 nano manganese chelate improve quantitative and qualitative yield of cowpea and can be advised to farmers.

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of soil application of nitrogen (N) and iron (Fe) fertilizers on morphological traits and shoot mineral contents of bread wheat via factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with four replications. The factors included three level of nitrogen (100, 200 and 400 mg N kg-1 dry soil applied) as Ca(NO3)2 and three rate of Iron (No iron, Fe EDTA and FeSO4, ap-plied at the rate of 10 mg Fe kg-1 soil). The results of the present study show that shoot fresh matter production and plant height was significantly enhanced by increasing N supply at each Fe treatment. So that, application of 400 mg N kg-1 soil has the greatest effect on shoot fresh matter production and plant height. Compared with the control treatment, which did not receive extra N fertilizer, N fertilization at 200 and 400 mg kg-1 were decreased shoot Fe, copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) concentration as well as shoot zinc (Zn) and Cu content in wheat. The mean shoot Fe concentrations were 246.9, 247.3 and 314.9 mg kg-1 in control, Fe EDTA and FeSO4 treatments, respectively. Also, the effect of FeSO4 on shoot zinc (Zn), Fe and Mn concentrations and also shoot Zn and Cu contents were higher than that of Fe EDTA. In generally, the higher shoot concentration and content of mineral nutrients were observed on the FeSO4 treatment in 100 mg N kg-1 soil and the lower these traits were observed on the treatment of no Fe at all of soil N supply. Application of Fe fertilizer, in combination with optimum N fertilization or other agronomic practices that can increase mineral nutrients in shoot and seed of wheat (especially Zn and Fe), is required to produce improved seed quality for human health.

New irrigation methods under different nutritional element supplies for maize production was designed and tested for evaluate quantitative and qualitative parameters by split-plot arrangement according complete randomized block design with three replications. Different Irrigation regimes was belonged to main plots (Conventional furrow irrigation: CFI or A1, Alternate furrow irrigation: AFI or A2 and fixed furrow irrigation: FFI or A3). Sub plots consisted (B1): Nitrogen + Phosphorus + or N + P as Control (C), (B2): Nitrogen + Phosphorus + Potassium or N + P + K, (B3): Nitrogen + Phosphorus + Potassium + Zinc or N + P + K + Zn, (B4): Nitrogen + Phosphorus + Potassium + Zinc + Boron or N + P + K + Zn + B and (B5): Nitrogen + Phosphorus + Potassium + Zinc + Boron + Iron or N + P + K + Zn + B + Fe. Results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction effects of different irrigation regime and fertilizer combinations on the characteristics of N Concentration, P Concentration, K Concentration, N Uptake, P Uptake, K Uptake, Number of seeds per row, 1000 seeds weight, leaf area index (LAI), Radiation use efficiency, seed yield, biological yield, number of seeds per row, was significant at 5% probability level. Interaction effects of treatments of irrigation regime and fertilization indicate that the Zn foliar increased concentrations of these elements in the seed. The highest and lowest of N, P and K uptake, seed yield and LAI were 117.56, 42.73, 55.7 kg.ha-1, 12950 kg.ha-1 3.86 and 113.42, 17.4, 16 kg.ha-1, 8894 kg.ha-1, 2.41 from Alternate furrow irrigation and (C+K, Zn, B, Fe) fertilizer treatment and fixed furrow irrigation and control respectively. The highest of light use efficiency were obtained from Alternate furrow irrigation and conventional furrow irrigation and (C+K, Zn, B, Fe) fertilizer treatment with 0.175 kg.kcal-1.m-2. In order to utilize the water sources efficiently and increase corn production under limited water supply, we propose the use of circular irrigation care along with instance, K, Zn, B and Fe fertilizer.

This research was conducted to evaluate effect of potassium and iron fertilizers on agro-physiological traits affected different irrigation regime of corn in Shahryar (Tehran province, central of Iran) via a split-split plots arrangement based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications during 2015. The main plot included different irrigation regime (Normal irrigation and stop irrigation at grain filling period). Sub plot consisted different level of K2O (0, 25, 50 kg.ha-1), from water soluble potassium sulfate source. Sub-sub plot included Fe-EDDHA that apply as fertigation 2 kg.ha-1, foliar application Fe-EDTA 2 kg.ha-1, and no iron fertilizer application as control. Application of Fe-EDDHA as fertigation and Fe-EDTA as foliar application in normal irrigation increased corn seed yield from 5232 kg.ha-1 in control to 6622 and 6464 kg.ha-1 respectively but in water deficit situation were not effective. In normal irrigation, application 25 and 50 kg.ha-1 soluble potassium sulfate increased corn seed yield from 5294 kg.ha-1 in control to 6975 and 6048 kg.ha-1 respectively. Under water deficit stress application of 25 and 50 kg.ha-1 soluble potassium sulfate increased corn seed yield from 3921 kg.ha-1 to 4794 and 4807 kg.ha-1 respectively. Maximum corn seed yield was achieved when 25 kg.ha-1 soluble potassium sulfate and Fe-EDDHA applied together in 6392 kg.ha-1. Application soluble potassium sulfate and iron fertilizers increased chlorophyll a, b, and total content in different irrigation regimes. However fertigation of soluble potassium sulfate along with Fe-EDDHA was more efficient to improve chlorophyll a, b, and total and seed yield in water deficit situation.

Fertilizer management is essential for achieving sustainable agriculture and protecting the environment. To evaluate the effect of Nitroxin bio-fertilizer application on quantitative and qualitative traits of corn hybrids a farm research was arranged via split plot experiment based on the randomized complete block design with four replications in 2013. Main plots were Included: use of the chemical and biological fertilizers in four levels (F1: 100% urea + 0% Nitroxin; F2:75% urea + 100% Nitroxin; F3:50% urea + 100% Nitroxin; F4: 25% urea + 100% Nitroxin) and the sub plots consisted three maize hybrids (H1: Single Cross 704, H2: Mobin, H3: Karoun). According result of analysis of variance effect of fertilizer treatments on seed yield,100 seed weight, number of seed per unit area and oil yield was significant at 1% probability level, but effect of hybrid on all measured traits (instead oil percentage and oil yield) was significant. Also interaction effect of treatments on all measured traits (instead number of rows per ear) was significant. The mean comparison results indicated that the highest seed yield and 100 seed weight was belonged to 50% urea with 100% Nitroxin application treatment, also between different hybrids the highest seed yield and 100 seed weight belonged to Karoun. Interaction effect of treatments revealed the treatments of chemical fertilizer (50%) +biological fertilizer (100%) + single cross 701 (Karoun) had highest seed yield and can be advised to farmers. According to result of factor analysis five independent factors justify 98.5% of the data changes and the number of seed per row and number of seed per area was positively correlated with seed yield and the difference in yield among the studied populations was mainly due to the diversity of number of seed per area.

This research was carried out to assessment agro physiological traits of bread wheat affected salinity stress, Nano zinc oxide and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi under greenhouse condition via factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Experimental factors included salinity stress in three levels [no-salt (S0) or control, salinity 40 (S1), and 80 (S2) mM NaCl], Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at two level [no application (M0), application of arbuscular mycorrhiza (M1)] and nano zinc oxide at three levels [without nano zinc oxide as control (Zn0), application of 0.4 (Zn1) and 0.8 (Zn2) g.lit-1]. Result of analysis of variance showed effect of soil salinity, AM fungi and nano zinc oxide on dry matter remobilization from stem and shoots, contribution of remobilization from shoots to seed, stem reserve contribution in seed yield, chlorophyll index and seed yield was significant at 1% probability level. Also interaction effect of treatments on measured traits was not significant but effect of salinity, AM fungi and nano zinc oxide on seed yield was significant at 5% probability level. Mean comparison result revealed salinity stress decreased seed yield and chlorophyll index of wheat. But dry matter remobilization from shoots increased. The highest dry matter (0.198, 0.195 and 0.194 g per plant) and stem reserves remobilization to seeds (0.177, 0.175 and 0.177 g per plant) were observed in the highest salinity level and no application of AM fungi and nano zinc oxide, respectively. The results indicated that the highest (0.44 g per plant) seed yield was obtained from plants under low salinity level, AMF and 0.8 g.lit-1 nano zinc oxide. Generally, it was concluded that AM fungi and nano zinc oxide can be as a proper tool for increasing wheat yield under salinity condition.

This research was conducted to assessment effect of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite along several times on quantitative parameters of wheat seeds affected by Aspergillus flavus fungus via factorial experiment according randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments consisted four concentrations of sodium hypochlorite or NaClO (C1= 2%, C2= 4%, C3= 6%, and C4= 8%) and four time use of NaClO (T1= 2, T2= 5, T3= 7, and T4=10 minutes). Result showed germination percentage and seedling dry weight, seed vigor index and seedling length had positive and significant relationship, but with percentage of abnormal seedling had negative and significant relation. Seedling growth rate with radicle length and plumule length had positive and significant relationship. Germination rate and mean germination time had negative and significant relationship. In general, it can be concluded that higher germination percentage led to increase seedling dry weight and seedling length also higher seed vigor index cause to improve germination percentage especially under environmental contaminants situation. Although lower germination percentage led to increase percentage of abnormal seedling. The higher radicle and plumule length depends to seedlings growth rate. Increasing seed quality and disinfection of the environment leads to an increase germination rate and a decrease mean germination time.