International Journal of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Science
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Winter 2019

With increasing trend in using the electronic means of communication and trade in the world, the need to enact new laws and regulations with regard to e-commerce law is increasing day by day, where benchmarking of the countries and the leading organizations in this context can be used to provide the measures to encourage the Economic activists and consumers to do their tasks at cyberspace particularly provided with supporting the consumer who are in poor side. In this paper, Comparative Study on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce Law within   Iran and European Union has been proposed. The observations, with regard to the studies show that based upon the international character of electronic commerce law and the role of UNCITRAL model law on e-commerce (1996) in Unification of it at international level, this law which includes consumer protection has been also provided with the same basis throughout the world. Nevertheless, the countries and organizations like the European Union with adoption of instructions have made large effort in going through this e-commerce law to get it completed by which developing countries like Iran can get to use such law.

Tehran Stock. Based on data analysis based on a correlation test and descriptive test run. Descriptive statistics including measures of central tendency and dispersion are independent variables include sales, liquidity and business risk and stock return is the dependent variable According to the findings, investors and capital market participants to sell the sample firms and liquidity ratios have responded. The market capitalization of the company's business risk, and may not, other criteria can be considered in the risk assessment of companies.

Tourism as one of the most important factors areas ‘development is an exchange an balanced activity which lead to social and economic development in regional level and justly distribution of income and also, it contributing the employment and today, its related activities included the largest industrial sector and world exports.Ecotourism is a type of tourism which is basis on special advantages of natrual history in one region. Ecotourism has comparative advantage than in other branches of ectourism in Iran.Hormoz Island is one of the vulnerable areas in this field. Tourism development of Hormoz island, providing new employment opportunities for local people by is an instroment which will be give an again life to this area and causing development of this area.  Other hand, tourism development of the island of Hormoz without the proper planning will result in irreparable harm and loss. Therefore, according to the capability and environmental characteristics of region should be use specific strategic and approaches to utilize planning for tourism development of the island of Hormoz.The aim of this paper is consideration of the  impacts of recreational tourist center on the island of Hormoz in southern Iran with  native  architecture to understand the importance of building amenities and easy commute to attract tourists and make them familiar with the beliefs and customs of a place to study and culture of ocal area with the least damage to the environment.Therefore, after considering the concepts of ecotourism, indigenous architecture oriented in the study area and  potential factors of  the island of Hormoz to assess how the island has become a tourist area with the least damage to the environment. Finally, the conditions and results of SWOT analysis will be described.

Location is not only a shelter for human activities , but also it is a phenomenon that human gives it meaning with his interaction , attached to it , sometimes even he recognizes himself with it . If we look at it as a need of human being viewpoint, man need to emotional interaction with the place he lives or in other word belonging to place is the most important aspects of interaction of human being with place that should be care by urban planners, designer and architecture. So this study base on literature review and related data in this field and with defining belonging to place, reviewing different dimension of it and categorizing of reasons attempt to describe new model of elements and forming process about human and place interaction. Results indicate that the attachment to sites has different dimensions of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral performance. In addition , the quality of interaction are formed  based on five key elements, including humans , location , participation in the location planning, location and time factor in how human interaction.

This study was performed and aimed to identify the causes and types of confusion in the treatment of parents of children with developmental disorders. The questionnaire was designed to investigate the causes of confusion appropriate for our aim was completed by 350 parents of children who were purposefully selected. The obtained data were analyzed by factor analysis and then the relationship between each factor and the amount of confusion using log-linear analysis. The results indicate that factors such as control, beliefs, interaction of therapist - client and access to confusion treatment the type of internal special and factors such as beliefs, social- cognitive factors and interaction of therapist - client can predict the delay referring to the therapist. The investigation determined the greatest cause of confusion was social–cognitive factor, and minimum is commitment factor. Confusion is result of a combination of individual and environmental factors that confirms the need for individual counseling with parents at the same time informing health officials to help families of children with developmental disorder.

The present study investigated the effect of teaching happiness by Fordyce method to students on their social acceptance and happiness. The subjects participating in the study were 30 female high school students in 1391-1392 at sabzevar high schools. The subjects were selected using random sampling procedures. Then, they were randomly assigned to experimental groups. Oxford social acceptance and happiness questionnaire was used to gather the necessary data. The experimental group recieved 8 sessions instruction on happiness. The oxford questionnaire was assigned to both groups. The gather data were analyzed using analysis of variances.  The results showed that happiness instruction significantly increased life satisfaction, self-esteem satisfaction, self well fare and good temperedness of the students.

How can one expect a rational growth and development of urban communities without a definite guide line for applying fixed elements on city planning such as Park? Introduction City Planning; the unified development of cities and their environments. For most of its history, city planning dealt primarily with the regulation of land use and the physical arrangement of city structures, as guided by architectural, engineering, and land-development criteria. In the mid-1920th century it broadened to include the comprehensive guidance of the physical, economic, and social environment of a community.Elements characteristic of city planning include (1) General plans that summarize the objectives of land development; (2) Zoning and subdivision controls that specify permissible land uses, densities, and requirements for streets, utility services, and other improvements;(3) Plans for traffic flow and public transportation; (4) Strategies for economic revitalization of depressed urban and rural areas; (5) Strategies for supportive action to help disadvantaged social groups; and (6) Guidelines for environmental protection and preservation of scarce resources. City planning is conducted by governments on all levels—local, county, regional, state, and federal—and by private groups. It is also a subject of university-level study and Professional societies.

The present is a comparative study investigating the effect of ownership structure (concentration and mix) on the value. It is an important issue in financial management texts and financial management discussions of companies. The present work is aimed to find the effect of ownership concentration and shareholding mix of a company in its value. The statistical population of the study includes all companies of pharmaceuticals and food industry, automobiles and auto parts, electricity, oil and gas, industry and mine except than investing and holding companies listed in Tehran stock exchange and Bombay stock exchange during 2006-2010. Based on the findings, there is a positive and significant relation between ownership concentration (natural and institutional) and the value of companies listed in Tehran stock exchange and Bombay stock exchange while there is no significant relation between ownership type (natural and institutional) and the value of companies listed in Tehran stock exchange. Further, in Bombay stock exchange, a negative and significant relation is observed between institutional ownership and the value of companies and also a positive and significant relation between natural ownership and the value of companies.

This study seeks to examine the impact of financial constraints on the relationship between the management and investment of excess cash held by companies. A total of 90 companies from the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange In the period of 1384 to 1391 were selected for the study after some filtration. The results show that changes in excess cash holdings influence capital expenditure of companies have no financial constraints and the impact it has on companies with fewer financial constraints. Other results concerning the effect of board structure and the influence being strong or weak on spending on capital expenditure, showed that the structure of the Board had a significant positive impact on the company so that it can be said that the strengthening the board structure, led to an increase in the amount invested in the companies in question.

This research is aimed to study the effect of earthquake on changing the pattern of traditional narcotics consumption into artificial narcotics in Volunteers of addiction abandonment in Green Houses. The present research is a discretional study. The subjects of research include 150 males who were going to abandon the Consumption of artificial narcotics and had referred to the centers of Green House. By observing them, the test was evaluated by distributing questionnaires. Data analysis was performed by using the methods of descriptive statistics ( chi – 2 test) Findings the abundance, cheapness , easy availability to materials, preferred Communication, The relationship to bad friends, addict parents, Low Self – Confidence are meaningfully related to youth tendency to artificial narcotics consumption after earthquake. Request of youth Volunteers from Green Houses to a bonbon addiction should be considered as an interaction between individual psychology and effect of cultural abnormality in Society. Social abnormality after earthquake Caused youth tendency to use narcotics and consequently they have changed their pattern into artificial narcotics Consumption.