International Journal of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Science
Volume:6 Issue: 3, Summer 2017

Umbrella clause sometimes referred to as being loyal to commitment, obligation consideration clause or good-will clause in contracts is a kind of clause present in many bilateral foreign investment treaties and Multi-lateral Energy Charter as well. Despite the fact that umbrella clauses contained in treaties are quite similar and alike, their exact expressions might be a bit different from a treaty to another bilateral foreign investment. This difference among expressions and vocabularies could be the root cause of their various interpretations. Umbrella clause is a legal means set by capital-exporting countries in bilateral investment treaties to support foreign investors and promote the violation from agreement provision to bilateral treaty provisions and consequently modify the source of trials.

Consumer behavior, marketing is one of the branches of the elements such as psychology, marketing, economics is formed. Marketing managers and marketers can study consumer behavior and knowledge of their behavior before the purchase, during the purchase and after the purchase and the consumer decision process in order to satisfy customers and improve marketing and sales performance have a good. , Brand equity can lead to product reputation, high quality products to inspire shoppers, very strong mental image of the product in the minds of customers and become one of the major assets.

Marketing science has earned a special status among industrialists and academic circles over the past few decades. Scientific marketing has entered into business arena for a long time. Moreover, in the last three decades, we have seen that marketing science has entered to politics affairs which have its own proponents and opponents. Political marketing is a well-known phenomenon in western liberal democracies and has many similarities with free market economic system, so we can consider political marketing as a very complicated business which competition is the most important factor in this field like commercial market. The aim of this study is to investigate impact of political marketing tools on the behavior of voters and their priorities in the eleventh Iranian Presidential Elections. The statistical population included people living in Mashhad city which 384 persons selected randomly. The results showed that TV Ads, comparative advertising ,Network Advertising, finding someone's fault, automated messages, pre-election campaigning, and using celebritieshave a significant impact on voters' behavior. However, there was not significant relationship between   fake polls, destructive promotional plans, video imaging and voters' behavior.

Emotional Intelligence is a process that involves careful evaluation of their own and others’ emotions, expressing emotions appropriately and adjust the temperature increase the quality and quantity of living standards, the goal of investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence organizational performances, the well-being of bank branches, Mashhad is. Based on the model of emotional intelligence Daniel Goleman, Emotional Intelligence includes four dimensions: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management from correlation research methods and study population, sample size was calculated according to branch manager of Morgan 35 and sampling was chosen randomly. Data collection from Bradbry and Grivz Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (28 questions) and to measure the performance of rating agencies and bank indicators were collected by the bank. According to the above questions reliability standard is approved, emotional Intelligence questionnaire reliability coefficient was calculated for the 0.914 is obtained. Pearson correlation coefficient for the data analysis methods were used to test for significant correlations.Finding it has a direct and positive relationship between emotional intelligence and performance are the branches (with a correlation coefficient 0.652and p-value 0.000) as well as between each of the components of emotional intelligence (self-awareness and self-management and…) and positively related to subsidiary performance there.

In this paper applications and fields of application of information technology in the insurance industry to assess the impact to explore the impact of information technology on the Iranian insurance companies in terms of five factors increase insurance penetration, reduction of costs, Reducing non-productive  activities,  increasing the promote safety and increasing the speed operation. To achieve the objectives of the research methods documents and a questionnaire was used. The population of the study are managers and experts in Iran Insurance Company in Mashhad  city that The 56 subjects were selected the method of data analysis, descriptive statistics (frequency tables, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Student t test, one-sample, one-way ANOVA, etc.) is used. The results of the significance level (p = 0.000) and 99% confidence show that IT has been influential, Iran Insurance Company in Mashhad.

This research was doneto investigateeffectivenes reasonsof adoption the internet. rby exporte The way of research is descriptive and .The way ofcollection data is standardquestionnaire. statistical population in khorasan Razavi For analysis of data has used statistical description and for elicitation the thesises was used the pierson corelation coefficient and The results showed that all the thesieswere confirmed and so all the export firms internet for their interntionl business.it means that ther is positive and significant between learning orientation and firm’ market orientation, percived ease of use of the internet, percived usefulness of use of the internet and intention of use of the internet. Export, marketing, market orientation, learning orientation, percived ease of use of the internet, percived usefulness of use of the internet.

Despite the increasing use of Internet in Iran, e-commerce and sales have been less prevalent in the country. In Iran, many Internet users seem reluctant to purchase electronic products and services from companies and organizations providing these facilities. Since inefficiencies of websites for effective and efficient communication with the users and Electronic services quality and quality of services is effective in communicating with users , we examined impact of e-service quality, services quality and customer  e-satisfaction on process of customer purchasing intention. This research was conducted by using a questionnaire which were distributed through sales offices plane and distributed among the 370 people who have made at least one purchase online airline tickets. The results indicated that service quality, customer e-satisfaction, and overall quality of electronic services did not have significant impact on   process of customer purchasing decision.

Today, E-commerce is one the issues raised in business. E-commerce will lead to improve communication at the national and international levels, change the way business is done, and convert traditional markets to newer forms. A new way of shopping that has great benefits is online shopping. Since the marketing mix is effective the willingness of customers to buy, the aim of this study is to review effect of electronic marketing mix on the willingness of customers to buy online. This study is a descriptive survey with applied goals. The statistical population included internet shoppers in the universities of Mashhad city that have done internet shopping at least once. For this purpose, among university of Applied Science and Technology,Ferdowsi University and Islamic Azad university, Ferdowsi University was selected as the cluster and then  380 persons were selected through random sampling method. Aquestionnaire was used to collect data and the reliability of the questionnairewasassessed by Cronbach'salpha coefficient.  Research hypotheses were examined by using a One- SampleT-Test to investigate the efficiency of each variable and Friedman Test was also used to rank variables. The results showed that factors of communication, information collection, product, distribution, price and brand are effective on willingness of customers to buy online.

The main goal of this research is to study the relationship between level of managers strategic intelligence and level of organization success in executive organizations of RAFSANJAN. Sectional method of study and correlation method have been used for this research. Statistical sample includes 104 managers of executive organizations of RAFSANJAN, and because of its limited volume no sampling has been done and sample volume is in fact the same as statistical sample. For data gathering two kinds of questionnaires have been used. Validity of strategic intelligence questionnaire and organization success questionnaire are 0.91and 0.89 respectively and their reliability are 0.79 and 0.85.Data analysis has been done by use of SPSS program and based on Spearman and Pearson correlation factors, stepwise regression method, t-even testing method, analysis of one-way variance and partial correlation method. Results show that there is a significant relationship between level of managers strategic intelligence and level of organization success in executive organizations of RAFSANJAN. A more detailed evaluation show that there is even a significant relationship between organization success and different components of strategic intelligence (like, foresight, ability of outlook management, ability of systematic thinking, ability to motivate employees and ability of creating cooperation in employees). Therefore, it is better to focus more on different components of strategic intelligence, in order to have an organization with an informed manager. Based on the results, it is necessary for organizations to take action and provide appropriate situation for managers in which they can increase components of strategic intelligence. Moreover, by applying different components of strategic intelligence, manager would be able to improve organization function, develop it and offering approaches to reach organization goals.