Journal of Innovation Management and Organizational Behavior
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Summer 2023

Unemployment is recognized as a fundamental problem in the society, especially among the graduates of the country's educational system. The aim of this research is to identify the factors preventing graduates from creating employment. This research is applied with a survey-descriptive approach. The statistical population of this research was 180 graduates (both employed and unemployed) of public universities in Tehran, who were selected based on simple random sampling. After collecting the questionnaires, 150 questionnaires were returned. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software. The most important factor preventing employment creation is the lack of government support with an average of 4.31%. Also, the nature and obstacles of informing are in the next ranks of importance with an average of 4.07% and 4.03%, respectively. In the present study, which was formed based on the examination of the attitude of the graduates regarding the factors preventing employment in this field, it shows that obstacles such as the lack of government support, the lack of proper training to earn money from professional skills, the nature, information obstacles and individual obstacles and family have a significant role in the lack of employment of graduates of this field. The results of the research show that appropriate training should be provided in the field of acquiring employment skills in order to change the society's view of the nature of the field. Also, the support of the government and more attention of those involved and policy makers will improve the unemployment situation of the graduates of this field.

In today's world, the tourism industry has wide-ranging influences in the economic, social and cultural fields, and the development of this industry can be a driving force for other industries. The vast country of Iran is also one of the best countries in the world for implementing the tourism industry or smart tourism due to its weather, climate, cultural and ancient conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously identify the changing needs of customers (tourists) and pay attention to its basic points, i.e. satisfaction, safety and pleasure of travel. Nevertheless, in our country, not only useful studies have not been conducted on the optimal strategies of smart tourism, but also the factor of social media has not been considered in it. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to explain and prioritize the optimal strategies of smart tourism considering the social media factor, while presenting a practical model. In order to do so, questionnaires were distributed among individuals working in governmental and non-governmental organizations and institutions in Hamadan Province and were analyzed and prioritized using the "AHP" technique. Results of this research regarding the optimal strategies of smart tourism considering the social media factor have identified three categories of strategies including strategies based on social media, strategies based on generating income, and strategies based on responding to the needs of tourists, while each category includes several components.

The main purpose of this article is to provide a model of situational influencing factors on consumer behavior in commercial centers. The research method is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). In order to conduct this research, in addition to the document study, the ground theory method was used to identify the effective situational factors on the behavior of consumers in commercial centers. The statistical population in this research was all university experts, faculty members, managers and experts who were familiar with the situational influencing factors on consumer behavior in commercial centers until the theoretical saturation of 15 interviews. And all interviews lasted between 45 and 75 minutes Semi-structured interviews with experts conducted in 1401 in the form of a questionnaire with 164 indicators and 27 components and 8 dimensions were finally placed in a paradigm model with 6 variables. To determine the current state of the dimensions, the T-Tech sample test was used, and the structural equation method was used to design the pattern. In the current situation, the dimension of behavioral interactions with a T value of 3.61 has a better status than other dimensions, and finally, to validate the model, Strauss and Corbin's method was evaluated with 4 dimensions (comprehension, adaptation, generalization, control), all of which were evaluated by experts. Were confirmed.

The problems in higher education centers in recent years, on the one hand, and the increase in competition among higher education centers to attract students, on the other hand, have made the conditions to complete the capacity of these centers a serious challenge. Considering the prosperity and development of social networks and marketing capabilities through them, this research seeks to identify a model that can be used to promote the brand of higher education centers. This research has been done with a mixed approach and in four steps (the first two steps are qualitative and the next two steps are quantitative). At first, the most important measures were identified through qualitative and descriptive content analysis method, through the scientific measurement of valid documents and articles related to brand validity in educational centers. Then, it was verified with the quantitative approach of fuzzy screening and the related model was identified with the method of fuzzy cognitive mapping. The methodology of this research is applied and mixed in the qualitative part and descriptive in the quantitative part of the survey type. The statistical population consisted of documents and documents in the qualitative part and experts in the quantitative part. As a result of the qualitative part, 9 basic factors were identified, based on the obtained pattern, "cognition" was determined as the first step and "strategy and management style" as the last step.

By referring to different organizations and taking a deep and expert look at the communication process in these organizations, it becomes clear to any observer that one of the important and always noticeable problems in organizations that employees complain about are, lack of communication skills among their managers. One of the most important and key issues that has caught the attention of the organization and the foundation of the organization society in this period of time is the organizational commitment of the employees of an organization. This issue can have many factors and dimensions. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the level of employee satisfaction with the performance of Baghershahr municipal managers.

The statistical population of the research is all the employees of Baghershahr municipality. Due to the unlimitedness of the statistical population, the formula for determining the sample size in Cochran's unlimited population was used to determine the sample size. Therefore, considering the error level of 0.05, the sample size was estimated to be 242 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire.

The results extracted from the above research emphasize the existence of a strong effect of job satisfaction on the commitment of the organization's employees, and it seems that the managers of all levels of this municipality can, with sufficient and accurate knowledge of the individual differences between their employees to know them better, more accurately and more completely, and as a result, by taking actions that are most compatible with the level of the heart desires of the employees, on the level of their desire and motivation, satisfaction and commitment in the direction of development and Intelligent movement in the direction of increasing the organization's goals. The level of satisfaction regarding the examined components of job satisfaction is average, managers are high, and for the components related to welfare, it is below 40%.

This shows that the employees of the municipality have little or very little satisfaction with the amenities in the municipality.

The new approach of positive organizational behavior was created in response to changes such as information and communication technology, the rapid expansion of jobs in service providers, the use of extra-organizational resources, and the more flexible use of human resources, because theorizing and applying It emphasizes the characteristics, statements and positive behaviors of employees in organizations. One of the important substructures of this approach is the job attachment of employees, which appeared in scientific, commercial and psychological texts in recent years. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of primary maladaptive schemas in the relationship between personality traits and job attachment of education teachers in Dehdasht city.

The method of the current research was descriptive-correlation of the path analysis type. The statistical population of this research was formed by all the teachers of Dehdasht city in 1401. Among the statistical population, 120 people were selected and studied by purposive sampling method. To collect data, questionnaires of personality traits (NEO), Young's maladaptive schemas (YSQ), and Edwards Vakilpatrick's occupational attachment scale (1981) were used. After collecting and extracting data, participants' scores were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and path analysis.

The findings of the direct relationship paths of the research showed that there is a significant direct relationship between neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness and adaptability of personality traits with primary maladaptive schemas. There is a significant direct relationship between neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness and adaptability of personality traits with job attachment. Also, the results of the indirect relationship showed that personality traits have an effect on the job attachment of education teachers in Dehdasht city by mediating the initial incompatible schemas.

Overall, the results of the research showed that job attachment is affected by many factors, including personality traits and initial incompatible schemas.Keywords: personality traits, job attachment, primary maladaptive schemas, education.

This article aims to critically review and synthesize the evolution of strategic management frameworks in the digital age, focusing on how these frameworks have adapted to the challenges and opportunities presented by digital technologies.

The review employs a narrative approach to review scholarly articles and industry reports. It categorizes decision-making frameworks into groups such as IT governance mechanisms, digital transformation strategies, and predictive models. Each framework is examined in detail regarding its application, strengths, weaknesses, and real-world examples. Comparative analysis is used to assess the suitability of these frameworks across different business contexts, and emerging trends are identified. The method also involves analyzing challenges in implementation and predicting future developments in strategic management frameworks.

The findings reveal that strategic management in the digital age is characterized by a shift towards more innovative, technology-driven approaches. Key trends include the integration of AI and machine learning, an increased focus on sustainability and ESG factors, and the importance of agility and flexibility in decision-making. Challenges in implementation range from aligning technological capabilities with strategic objectives to managing cognitive biases and ensuring cybersecurity. Future predictions suggest a continued evolution of these frameworks, with a greater emphasis on data-driven insights, sustainability, and technological integration.

The review concludes that evolving strategic management practices are crucial for businesses to navigate the complexities of the digital age effectively. Organizations must embrace technological advancements, integrate sustainability into their core strategies, and maintain agility and flexibility in their decision-making processes.

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the antecedents and consequences of the professional learning community for primary school teachers.

In this article, a qualitative phenomenological method with stage analysis approach was used. The research participants consisted of 26 individuals, including university professors and faculty members in educational management, school principals, deputyprincipals, successful teachers in primary schools, and doctoral students or graduates in educational management working in education. They were selected through purposeful theoretical sampling. To collect data, in-depth interviews with research participants were utilized. For validity assessment, methods such as member checking, triangulation (three-point perspective) of data sources, peer review, and review by observers were used to enhance the validity of the research. Additionally, to examine reliability, strategies of dependability, credibility, confirmability, and transferability were employed.

After data analysis, results showed that the antecedents of the professional learning community for teachers included four components: educational leadership, organizational culture, collaborative learning, and organizational structure. The consequences of the professional learning community for teachers consisted of three macro dimensions: development of performance quality, commitment to the job and school, and job and professional satisfaction.

To realize the professional learning community for teachers, attention to the identified antecedents and consequences is necessary and essential. The duty of the professional learning community for teachers is to stimulate aspects such as mission, vision, collective commitment, and common goals, and tovalue creativity, risk-taking, initiative, and innovation, with the existence of an atmosphere based on mutual respect being an important part of the professional learning community for teachers.

This article aims to analyze and compare the various models of higher education financing across the globe, focusing on their impact on access, quality, and equity in higher education.

In this narrative review, we systematically explore global higher education financing models through a comprehensive literature search in academic databases, focusing on publications from the past 15 years. This approachsynthesizes diverse sources to identify key themes and trends in financing methods. The analysis contrasts these models across different geographic and economic contexts, aiming to provide insightful comparisons and a broad understanding of the global higher education financing landscape.

The research reveals that each financing model presents unique advantages and challenges. Public funding typically enhances access and equity but may face resource limitations. Private investment often improves quality and innovation at the risk of increasing educational inequity. Tuition fees can lead to quality enhancement but also raise concerns about student debt and access. Policy implications in each context are significant, with a need for balancing efficiency, equity, and quality.

The study concludes that financing higher education is a complex endeavor, requiring nuanced and context-specific policy interventions. It underscores the need for balanced and sustainable financing models that cater to the evolving educational landscape. The research highlights the pivotal role of higher education financing in shaping inclusive, knowledgeable, and innovative societies, suggesting future research directions focused on innovative financing mechanisms and adaptive policy solutions.

The primary goal of this research was to present a model for virtual education using the interpretive structural modeling method at Farhangian University in Khorasan Razavi.

The current research methodology was qualitative and applied in nature. Participants included faculty members from FarhangianUniversity in Khorasan Razavi, selected purposively with a sample size of 13 individuals. The research tool was semi-structured interviews, the validity of which was established through face validity, and reliability was determined by an agreement coefficient between coders, resulting in a 0.85 upon re-coding between the researcher and an external coder. Additionally, a researcher-developed questionnaire was designed based on qualitative findings and distributed among the sample members. Data analysis employed coding analysis, and for the initial stage of identifying factors, the interpretive structural modeling (SIM) method was used.

The findings indicated that the virtual education model consists of five levels and priorities, including: Level One: Futuristic Vision; Level Two: Targeted Educational Quality, Measurability, Support Services, Information and Content; Level Three: Accessibility, Knowledge Management, and Flexibility in Education; Level Four: Pedagogical, Technological Factors, and Organizational Factors; and Level Five: Integrated Management.

Based on this research, the board of trustees, policymakers, senior managers, and the central university planning organization can work towards improving virtual education at Farhangian University, specifically as a pilot in Farhangian University of Khorasan Razavi. The managers of this academic unit can create conditions to implement the findings of this research to enhance education, particularly virtual education at this university.

The objective of this research is to expand the models of Network Data Envelopment Analysis with approaches to uncertainty for evaluating the performance of supply chains.

The method used in this research is descriptive and, in terms of outcome, falls under applied research. From a strategic research perspective, it is descriptive and cross-sectional retrospective based on an analytical approach, conducted through fieldworkand a survey method in the research community. A census method was employed.

In this study, Razi Hospital, with a score of 0.99, has the highest average efficiency in outpatient services, while Sina Hospital, with a score of 0.139, has the lowest level of average outpatient efficiency among multi-specialty hospitals. Additionally, Yas Hospital, with an average efficiency of 0.99 in inpatient sections, has the highest efficiency, whereas Razi Hospital with a score of 0.58 has the lowest efficiency. Bahrami Hospital among children's hospitals is in a better condition.

Based on the findings of the research, it was determined that the use of the fuzzy Network Data Envelopment Analysis model with variables such as the number of doctors, thenumber of healthcare workers, active beds, total inpatient days, the number of outpatient visits, and the number of inpatients, can compare the performance of selected decision-making units providing services in the studied medical centers from the perspective of inputs and outputs and across the entire health service supply chain. In the long term, it serves as a suitable tool for officials and policymakers of the selected centers for continuous performance evaluation of these services.

The research aims to design an empowerment model for developing professional and ethical competencies in primary school managers.

It employs a mixed exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) method, involving selected experts from the education organization for the qualitative part. The sample size was 17, following the saturation principle. The quantitative population included 1500 primary school managers in Tehran, with a sample size of 306 determined using Cochran's formula and random cluster sampling. Data were measured using semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.870). Data analysis used Strauss's method for content analysis, the Delphi technique, and structural equation modeling with SPSS22 and AMOS26.

Findings indicated that 75% of primary school managers' professional and ethical competencies relate to empowerment dimensions: Technical, Human, Cognitive, Communicative, Teamwork Skills, Initiative Skills. These can explain and predict competencies comprising Individual Characteristics, Management Skills, Organizational Factors, Entrepreneurial Competence, Business Competence, Leadership, Decision Making, Collaboration.

In conclusion, the study successfully designs an empowerment model that significantly contributes to the developmentof professional and ethical competencies among primary school managers. This model, grounded in comprehensive research and expert insights, demonstrates the vital role of empowerment in enhancing the essential managerial competencies needed for effective educational leadership in primary schools.

This study aimed to design a model for developing agile process implementation policies based on social capital in the country's banking system.

The research is applied-developmental and qualitative in nature, conducted through grounded theory. The research population consists of academic and non-academic experts in the field of banking management. Sampling was performed using theoretical sampling through a snowball method, which eventually achieved theoretical saturation with 20 individuals. Semi-structured interviews were used as the data collection tool, and interviews were analyzed using a research execution method based on grounded theory strategy, coding, and the paradigm model of Strauss and Corbin.

According to the paradigm model,causal conditions include human capital, economic capital, and social capital, which significantly affect the development of agile process implementation policies based on social capital (the central phenomenon). Meanwhile, agile process implementation policies are realized under contextual conditions such as technological infrastructure reforms and customer responsiveness, necessitating environmental, internal organizational, and banking stakeholder evaluations as contextual conditions, strengthened through strategies like upper-level support, meritocracy, motivation, agile process management, training, research and development, strengthening social groups, and enhancing trust among customers.

Ultimately, the development of agile process implementation policies based on social capital in banks will lead to outcomes such as value creation for customers, continuous improvement, and stakeholder satisfaction. Therefore, it is recommended that banksinvolve all their units, shareholders, and customers in this process to be effective.

The purpose of the current research was to present a model for enhancing the level of psychological well-being and reducing the stress of mine workers in the workplace.

This study, in terms of its objectives, falls under developmental research and, in terms of methodology for gathering findings, employs a qualitative approach with a research synthesis method based on the six-stage model of Roberts (2009). The research population includes all relevant, credible scientific articles within the time frame (2000-2023) that are registered in both domestic and international specialized and scientific databases. After several stages of screening with criteria for reviewing titles, abstracts, content, and research quality along with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) standards, 25 sources were purposively selected. Data were coded and analyzed through a researcher-made checklist form and thematic analysis method in the MAXQDA software environment. The validation of the research findings was assessed through four criteria by Lincoln and Guba (1985), researcher reflexivity, and agreement between two coders.

Based on the research findings, 287 basic themes as indicators and 22 organizing themes as components of the model, and 4 overarching themes including; psychosocial factors, organizational factors, individual factors, and job-related factors were identified as dimensions of the model for improving the level of psychological well-being and reducing stress among mine workers in the workplace.

Considering the findings of the research, it is recommended that stakeholders of mining companies pay attention to the identified themes of this study to improve the mental health of mine workers.