نشریه اجتماعیات در ادب فارسی
پیاپی 2 (بهار 1402)

This research has analyzed one of the contemporary Persian novels with the theme of immigration based on the acculturation theory of "John Berry". Cultural relations between different communities and multiculturalism is the main framework of migration literature, which also includes identity and cultural challenges in the host society. About the emerging phenomenon of immigration in today's society, many different theories and opinions have been presented, one of which is "Berry's acculturation strategy". "Berry" sees acculturation as a process by which people adapt to life in a new cultural environment, and this issue depends on how the immigrant relates to his original culture and the culture of the destination society. He considers four strategies for immigrants: integration, assimilation, separation and marginalization. Of course, in choosing the acculturation strategy, the attitude of the immigrant and the attitude of the host society are very important and effective. The purpose of this research is to reflect the acculturation behaviors of immigrants and how the host society reacts in the novel "Doordast haye mobham" by Mohsen Nekoumaneshfard. The method used in this article is descriptive analytical method. The result obtained in this research shows that the speed and intensity of acculturation is different for different people and the acceptance of immigrants decreases with increasing cultural distance. Also, in the issue of acculturation, the perspective of the host society towards immigrants is considered very important and fundamental. Unfavorable host acceptance of immigrants causes identity crisis and deprivation of their security, so the strategy of immigrants in these countries is often a way of separation or marginalization. But assimilation strategy is the priority of acculturation in second generation immigrants.

This article is compiled with the aim of identifying the political, social and cultural contexts of the formation of cultural and literary communities in the late Qajar period and early Pahlavi period. The problematic premise of the article is that on the one hand, Iranian society's encounter and interaction with the West and its scientific and intellectual achievements, and on the other hand, the atmosphere of intellectual, political and social suffocation and backwardness at the end of the Qajar period, caused the emergence of political and cultural awareness.As a result of such atmosphere and conditions of the society after the constitutional revolution, cultural and literary communities were formed in response to the cultural and social needs caused by the new changes. The current research is a type of documentary research that was done with the method of documentary and library study and using the technique of scanning existing written sources. The results show that due to the existence of historical and political contexts such as the opening of the National Assembly, the publication of free newspapers, the drafting of the constitution and its amendments, and also the literary developments in the last decades of the Qajar period, the context for the formation of cultural and literary communities Like the patriotic female population of Iran, Rasht cultural population and similar ones were provided.

Voghoo and Vasukht are traits of Indian poetic style; a style which was at its supreme height in the Safavid period (1501: Tabriz to 1736: Isfahan). These traits could be regarded as the traits with which Persian poets of this period tried to emulate their predecessors. Although these two traits belonged to the Indian poetic style, poets of other poetic styles utilized these traits in composing their poems. Jalal ad-Din Mohammad Rumi (1207-1273) was one of such poets whose commitment to Voghoo and Vasukht could be recognized in Sham Tabrizi’s Divan amply. After exemplifying some instances of Voghoo and Vasukht in Tabrizi’s predecessors, the present study analyzes his Divan for identifying these two traits. The study assumes that while struggling with his melancholic love for the beloved, Rumi as a mystical amorous poet loses his command on logic and restraint, and starts disclosing intimate accounts of the transpirations between himself and the beloved.Keywords: Poetic Style, Voghoo, Vasukht, Rumi, Societies, Social behavior, Shams Tabrizi.

Tragedy is both a literary genre and an approach to life that narrates a disastrous ending. Hegel and Lukács consider tragedy to be the moment of separation of man from the world. Therefore, there is no tragedy in the world without such conflict. The present article argues that due to divine providence, medieval rationality in Iran lacked a tragic approach, and then by looking at Goldman's approach, who believed in the existence of a relationship between literary-ideological form and social structure, it shows that the contradictions And the internal tensions of the intellectuals' social position as the first producers of the tragic approach in Iran, have played a key role in the formation of such a form in the fiction literature and based on its ups and downs, different types of tragic narratives have emerged. One can first recognize a kind of tragedy caused by the failure of an external obstacle, which shows the position of the intellectual who hopes for change and wants social support. But after the initial failures of the intellectuals, the tragedy of the narrative became a self-inflicted subject who blames himself for his failure. At the same time, a pattern of ontological tragedy appeared, which saw the possibility of salvation as impossible. With the continuation of historical failures, the basis of the desire for change was understood as a tragedy. As a result, a pattern of living without the illusion of liberation was narrated, which was a tragedy of repetition, and also a pattern that was the result of the deviation of the desire to change from the real realm to the symbolic realm, which appeared in the form of postmodern tragedy.

The collection of books written and published in recent decades in the field of sociology in literature can indicate the tendency of researchers in both fields of literature and sociology to interdisciplinary research. And he considered it central to new and progressive attitudes. Therefore, when faced with these works, the audience is an observer to observe and discover the methods, ideas and new and leading data that will lead to different results in the field of literature and sociology. In the meantime, the book Ejtema’eyyat Dar Adabiyyat by Ali Mohammad Sajjadi, as one of the mid-term researches in this field, is more than influenced by analytical and methodical foundations, in the position of the author's control over the text, the reference point of some researches. It has been academic that this article tries to examine the basics of chaptering, sub-headings, logical method in presenting the content and logical structure in compiling the work. The results of this study will say that this work is due to the traditional look at a research with a new nature and the lack of benefit from the standard theory and consequently the scientific research method in collecting, categorizing, and drawing conclusions from the data. Basically, it cannot be a source of credit in such researches and above all, it has turned into an educational text with a documentary approach.