نشریه کاربرد سنجش از دور و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی در علوم محیطی
پیاپی 1 (زمستان 1400)

Determining the water requirement of agricultural products is one of the most important ways to achieve water management efficiency. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to estimate the water requirement of corn in Meshginshahr, Ardabil province. For this purpose, 10 cloudless images of Landsat 8 satellite from 2004 to 2016 and the SEBS method were used. The results were compared with Penman-Monteith and evaporation pan methods. The results showed that in the SEBS method the water requirement of corn crop on 2010.8.3was equal to 8.14 mm/day and on 2015.11.30 equal to 1.09 mm/day and in Penman-Monteith method on 2013.7.19 equal to 9.94 mm/day and on 2015.11.30 equal to 3.12 mm/day, which has the highest and lowest actual evaporation and transpiration, respectively. SEBS method has the highest error rate with RMSE equal to 1.466 and MAD equal to 1.325 mm/day compared to evaporation pan. SEBS method has the lowest error rate with RMSE equal to 1.199 and MAD equal to 0.947 mm/day compared to the Penman-Monteith method. Also, by examining the values of the coefficient of determination, it was found that the SEBS method has the highest coefficient of determination (0.8677) with the Penman-Monteith method and then with the evaporation pan method (0.8247).

Fires, in the forests and parks become causative to fall away to natural resources largeness of locale sector Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad forests. The purpose of this research is, Forest fire risk zone mapping using utilization from of topography criteria and sub criteria (slope, distance from the river, height, direction of inclination), Physical (type of vegetation, vegetation density, soil moisture), human (distance from roads, distance from the village), and climate (average annual temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and windiness direction), that criterions connection became distinctive relationship between criteria Fuzzy DEMATEL technique. Network analysis process, was used to weighting all parameters in Super Decision software. by fuzzy logic method, maps is fuzzed, and in the GIS environment getting Forest fire risk zone final mapping. results of this study expressing that among of the criteria, was the topographic criteria (0.423) and the between sub-criteria's t slope map is high weight and human criteria, biological and climatic getting from right to left value of%0.257, %0.194 and%0.124. the percentage area classification mapping forest fire potential by Boolean operator for is in series, PRODUCT PROCESSOR value of 5%, AND 35.68%, Gamma 34.82%, and SUM 34.84%. Too model FIRE RISK using images Landsat 8, digital elevation model, slope and windiness direction provide for the region. Fire classification map was prepared using fire point data for 4 years (93-96).Comparing its results with the results of the FUZZY ANP model and FIRE RISK indicates a high degree of compliance in areas with high fire risk.

Accordingly, the study of land use change, given the significant effects that this phenomenon has on human life and the environment, seems necessary. At present, remote sensing as an ideal resource provides users with the necessary and sufficient facilities to be aware of land use changes and human land use, by extracting and updating land cover maps. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate land use changes by object-oriented classification in the Quchan-Shirvan catchment, located between the provinces of North Khorasan and Khorasan Razavi during the years 1998 to 1397. For this purpose, first, TM and OLI images of Landsat 5 and 8 satellites have been prepared for the desired years, and through these images, land cover maps of the study area with object-oriented classification method in six classes of residential areas, irrigated lands. , Rainfed lands, fallow lands, water levels and pastures were obtained. Finally, through land use maps, land cover changes during the studied years in terms of area quantity, spatial distribution and trend of changes were examined using the LCM model. The results of this study showed that during the study period, fallow and rainfed land uses have a decreasing trend and residential uses, irrigated lands, rangelands and water levels have an increasing trend; As the most changes related to rainfed land use decreased by 23,729 hectares, and pasture land use increased by 35,935 hectares, are among the major changes in the study area.

Surface temperature, including soil, water, snow, and vegetation, are among the variables used in a wide range of earth science and environmental studies. Ground surface temperature is usually monitored at a point in a limited number of points, which are usually measuring stations. When spatial distribution of surface temperature over a wide area and simultaneously is required, remote sensing technology has many capabilities. Due to the capability of remote sensing techniques in the study of physical properties of the earth, in this study, to evaluate the relationship between surface temperature and land use, using the Landsat8-TIRS image, the surface temperature was calculated using the Split Window method. And the land use pattern was extracted by object-oriented classification method in an area of 22218.33 square kilometers, located in northwestern Iran. The results show that the surface temperature is strongly affected by surface moisture and vegetation density, so that surfaces with low humidity and low density vegetation show the highest temperature on thermal images. In the study area, barren lands with a temperature of 33.9 ° C and water levels such as; The lakes behind the reservoir dam, with a temperature of 27.11 ° C, have the highest and lowest surface temperatures, respectively, among the existing land uses. The results of this research can be used for environmental planning.

In this research, a synthesis approach to estimating Land surface emssivity (LSE) using remote sensing data and a spectral library that can be used to any optical sensor is proposed. The suggested method not only estimates the LSE as a function of the reflection of various surface effects, but it also takes into account the spectral response functions (SRF) of the thermal and reflective bands when calculating the LSE. The suggested approach was applied to a Landsat 8 imagery, and the resulting LSE was compared to and verified using two LSE products from the ASTER. The findings indicated that the LSE from the proposed methodology in Landsat 8 thermal band 10 has a root-mean-square error of 0.76 % and 0.75 %, respectively, when compared to the equivalent LSE product of the first and second ASTER Images. This error was also calculated in the 11 thermal band, with values of 1.49 and 1.06 %, respectively. This error was also calculated in the 11 thermal band, with values of 1.49 and 1.06 %, respectively. The results of this study compute the surface emissivity as a function of the reflectance of the reflective bands, and each pixel associated with that reflectance has a unique emissivity value that differs from that of nearby pixels. The prior technique, on the other hand, assigned a constant emissivity coefficient to the value of the group of pixels, and the surface emissivity was computed as a constant discrete value in each part of the image.

The main goal of present research is the study of correlation of social security with Urban Designing indexes in old and modern Urmia texture. In this city, various Urban Designing and presence of different ethics make the importance of security more dominant and in this regard, the quality of buildings, population, the number of floors, and also the domain in which the crimes have recorded by police were considered as criteria. In this study, the data of crimes offered by the police and also the data of city were used. All the pre-processing data and standardization of criteria is done by GIS in order to do the Spatial analysis. At the end, by using MCDM and SUPER DCISION software weight of any criteria was determined and by utilizing weights in standard GIS maps, and finally blending weighted fuzzy maps with AND operator, the security map of the city was provided. The result of the study was compared with crime scattering map which based on the results by developing modern texture social security has increased and police region 13, with an old texture in the central part of the city has the least security.