International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture
Volume:10 Issue: 1, Winter 2023

 This article argues the various religious views on euthanasia. After that, a comparison will be done to see where euthanasia is permitted or not. The main aim of doing this paper is to see whether in the age of artificial intelligence still the religious beliefs are against euthanasia or there is any change.

 The theoretical study was used in this paper in order to find out the say of the various religions on euthanasia.

 None of the religions permitted euthanasia. The judicial opinion that is reflected in various judgements of the Supreme Court of India allowing passive euthanasia was indeed against the religious beliefs of India. The article analysed various judgements of Supreme Court of India on the legalisation of euthanasia.

 As euthanasia is allowed in Common Cause Case, even right to die with dignity is given without considering any religion. Therefore, still in India, there is no law because it is not acceptable by any religion. Thus, there is a need to bring changes as per the religious sentiments, because it is very difficult to bring it in practice as it is against the culture of the society.

 Stress and anxiety are psychosocial factors that can have potential effects on oral health. In addition to concerns about physical health, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to psychological disorders (including stress) in the general population. Moreover, life has not returned to normal in most parts of the world. Therefore, physicians and specialists should pay special attention to the psychological effects of COVID-19 on the onset and exacerbation of oral diseases.

 A search was performed (last update in June 2021) in the Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The related keywords were bruxism, morsicatio, myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS), temporomandibular (TMD) disorder, burning mouth syndrome (BMS), xerostomia, recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), lip herpes, and oral lichen planus. Of the 510 papers found, about 206 were related to the subject, which were further analyzed. All study types, except case reports and case series, were included in the review.

 The current article reviewed stress-related disorders with clinical manifestations related to the oral cavity and maxillofacial disorders that have been significantly increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic. These disorders are bruxism, morsicatio, MPDS, TMD disorders, BMS, xerostomia, RAS, recurrent lip herpes, and oral lichen planus. The clinical manifestation and management of each disorder are presented in this article.

 It can be concluded that various causes and conditions play a role in the pathology, disease course, prognosis, treatment, and recurrence rate of oral diseases., In addition to examining the psychological background of treatment in the diagnosis and treatment stages, a variety of psychotherapy methods can be used to increase the effectiveness of medical treatments. The stress caused by COVID-19 in psychologically and medically susceptible people can intensify the pathology of these diseases in all its dimensions, and therefore, special attention should be paid to this aspect in the care and treatment of patients.

The present study was a systematic review of family factors related to substance abuse in adolescents. The inclusion criteria for the studies in this review included: (1) being a qualitative research, (2) adolescents (10 to 19 years old) were adolescents, and (4) the results being directly related to studies on family factors related to substance abuse in adolescents. The main family factors related to substance abuse in teenagers include high-risk family factors, childhood abuse, parents' and nurses' addiction, parental supervision, and parenting methods. The main social factors include high-risk social factors, peer groups, the influence of media and technology. The high-risk individual factors were attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, anxiety disorders, sensationalism and impulsivity, and self-esteem. In developed countries, the related family factors included the presence of addicts in the family, family differences and lack of affection in the emotional relationships of the family, lack of restraint and suitable supervision by parents and the use of inappropriate educational methods, divorce and separation of parents. These factors were found to have a significant effect on drug addiction in the comparison of two groups of affected and non-affected young people. In Iran, family factors effective on drug use included a history of abuse in childhood, addiction of parents or one of the family members, marital conflicts of parents, low socio-economic status, emotional atmosphere of the family, educational methods of parents, and perception of teenagers towards the acceptance of drug use by parents. Family factors were one of the most important factors involved in substance abuse; this highlights the prominent role of the child-parent relationship, parents' interpersonal relationships, parenting methods, and relationships with siblings in this regard. Psychological problems such as ADHD, depression, anxiety disorders, sensation seeking and impulsivity, and low self-esteem are among the individual factors that are related to substance abuse in adolescents, and some adolescents try to reduce and alleviate the symptoms of these disorders through substance use.

 The objective of the current study was to further explore the mediating role of psychological flexibility and self-compassion in the relationship between traumatic memories of shame and the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. The psychological processes that may have an impact on this connection make it difficult to understand.

 The research method was structural equation modeling. A sample of 296 university students from Tehran, Iran, was chosen through random cluster sampling for online research. The study data collection tools included the Early Life Experiences Scale (ELES), Impact of ‎Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), Cognitive Fusion ‎Questionnaire (CFQ), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Self ‎Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ‎), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS).‎ Based on the partial least squares (PLS) approach, structural equation modeling, SPSS, and SmartPLS‎ software were used to evaluate the generated data. A statistical investigation revealed a clear correlation between the intensity of depression and anxiety symptoms and painful recollections of shame.

 The results showed that traumatic memories of shame had a significantly favorable impact on anxiety (P < 0.001; β = 0.30) and depression (P < 0.001; β = 0.33), and a significantly negative impact on self-compassion (P < 0.001; β = 0.31) and psychological flexibility (P < 0.001; β = 0.47). Self-compassion significantly decreased sadness and anxiety (P < 0.001; = 0.25), and psychological flexibility significantly decreased sadness (P < 0.001; =0.54) and anxiety (P < 0.001; =0.37).

 These results suggest that the effects of experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and self-conceptualization, which together make up the overall construct of psychological resilience and are linked to the aggravation of depression and anxiety symptoms in people with traumatic shame memories, may be significantly reduced by self-compassion.

 Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause respiratory infections. A factor that has recently caused a great deal of anxiety is anxiety associated with the coronavirus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of anxiety among medical personnel exposed to the new coronavirus pandemic.

 This descriptive, cross-sectional research was conducted on 210 medical personnel working in hospitals and health centers in Tasikmalaya, Indonesia. Medical personnel, who were exposed to or not exposed to this disease, were included in the study through census sampling in 2021. The data collection tools used include a demographic information questionnaire and the Corona disease anxiety scale (CDAS). Data analysis was performed using ANCOVA in Excel software.

 The mean score of anxiety of the medical personnel during the new coronavirus pandemic in Tasikmalaya was 30.02%. Furthermore, in the medical personnel, the mean score of mental symptoms (47.22%) was higher than physical symptoms (13.15%). The anxiety, and psychological, and physical symptoms scores for women was higher than for men personnel, and there was a significant difference between them (P ˂ 0.05). The demographic variables of gender (P = 0.001), work experience (P = 0.023), and number of family members (P = 0.004) had a statistically significant relationship with anxiety (P < 0.05).

 According to the results of the study, the level of anxiety among female personnel was higher than male personnel. As a result, holding training classes and stress management courses among all personnel, especially female personnel, should be considered.

 Promotion of workplace mental health is one of the most important aspects of human resource improvement and development, and in recent decades, organizations' attention to healthy physical and intellectual forces in economic, educational, service, and industrial institutions has had an undeniable role in increasing productivity. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the relationship between burnout and mental health at Khorshid Educational and Research Complex, Iran.

 This study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive correlational in terms of the data collection method. The study population included all employees working in Khorshid Hospital in 2020 who had at least a diploma and 3 years of work experience. From among them, 255 individuals were selected as the sample. The participants were selected through convenience sampling and non-contingent methods. The participants were selected from among the staff who met the inclusion criteria through an easy sampling method. The required information in this study was collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and the ‎Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R)‎. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and chi-square test in SPSS software.

 There was a significant relationship between personality and neuroticism with burnout (P < 0.001). There was a significant relationship between burnout and overall mental health and decreased mental health (P<0.001). There was no significant relationship between "poor social performance" with burnout; ‎"physicalization", "anxiety and insomnia", and "degree ‎of depression had a significant relationship with ‎burnout (P < 0.001).

 According to the results of this study, there was a relationship between burnout, and mental health and personality traits in the educational and therapeutic complex. Employees with higher burnout and neuroticism personality traits showed reduced mental health.

 Jealousy in a romantic relationship contributes to other factors that could either sustain or destroy that relationship. There has been an increasing trend in the rate of broken relationships, marriage, and courtships, which is contrary to historical and cultural antecedents in a multicultural environment like Nigeria. This study was conducted with the aim to assess the patterns and demographic determinants of romantic jealousy among adults

 This cross-sectional study was performed on a purposefully selected sample of 229 people aged 24 and 63 years living in Delta State, Nigeria. The participants responded to the Multidimensional (Romantic) Jealousy Scale (MJS) short form in February 2022. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the sociodemographic variables and inferential statistics (t-test for independent samples, and one-way ANOVA) were used to determine bivariate and multivariate associations.

 Gender differences were observed in the prevalence of the various forms of romantic jealousy. The prevalence of cognitive romantic jealousy in men was 81.7% while it was 76.8% in women [t (227) = -2.14; P < 0.05)]. The prevalence emotional jealousy among men and women was, respectively, 79.8% and 82.4% [t (227) = -0.10, P > 0.05. Moreover, the prevalence of behavioural jealousy among men and women was, respectively, 87.5% and 88% [t (227) = - 2.94, P < 0.01].

 This study demonstrated a high prevalence of romantic jealousy among adults in Delta state, Nigeria, with significant gender variation in the cognitive and behavioural domains. Further studies and larger cohorts are required to assess the impact of personality and culture on romantic jealousy.

 Drugs are one of the main health problems in any country and are responsible for the spread of some infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to compare family structure (cohesion and flexibility) and functioning among people with and without drug abuse.

 This causal-comparative study was performed on 100 people with drug abuse (using Morgan table) purposefully selected from 15 regions of Isfahan, Iran. In order to sample the population of healthy individuals, 100 persons without a history of substance abuse were selected as an available sample from among the companions of individuals with substance abuse and were matched with the substance abuse community in terms of their age. The data gathering tools used included a demographic characteristics form, and the Family Assessment Device (FAD) and Family ‎Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES-III‎).

 The results showed that people with drug abuse have lower family cohesion, flexibility, and functioning compared to healthy individuals (P < 0.001).

 It can be concluded that family functioning differed between the two study groups, so it can be stated that family functioning plays a role in youth's inclination toward drugs.

 Recognizing and strengthening emotional intelligence is useful in all members of society, especially students. By recognizing emotional intelligence and applying it, students can achieve more success in their career. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement among students.

 A correlational study was performed on 100 students studying in clinical psychology at the School of Medicine, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia, in 2021. Bar-On test was used to evaluate the student’s emotional intelligence. Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t-test were used to analyze the research data with SPSS software.

 There was a significant difference between the age variable with emotional intelligence (P < 0.05) and emotional intelligence with academic achievement (P < 0.01). In addition, the components of problem solving (r = 0.310, P = 0.002), stress tolerance (r = 0.291, P = 0.002), reality testing (r = 0.280, P = 0.004), interpersonal relationships (r = 0.217, P = 0.03), and optimism (r = 0.326, P = 0.005) had a significant relationship with the variable of age and the components of emotional Intelligence (r = 0.271, P = 0.005), independence of action (r = 0.187, P = 0.024), self-awareness (r = 0.283, P = 0.031), responsibility (r = 0.757, P = 0.042), and sympathy (r = 0.953, P = 0.034) with the academic achievement.

 In order to achieve high levels of academic achievement, students must be able to control emotions and affects in many ways; however, students cannot achieve their academic potential without reaching the components that make up emotional intelligence.

 Leukemia is one of the most prevalent types of cancer that can also result in severe psychological damage. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and hope therapy on pain anxiety and self-acceptance in patients with leukemia.

 The current study was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design and the control group. The statistical population of the current study, which included 167 individuals, comprised all of the patients with leukemia who were sent to the Princess Noorah Oncology Center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in the year 2020. Twenty individuals were divided into three groups using simple random sampling: the ACT group, the hope therapy group, and the control group. The Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS) developed by McCracken et al. to assess anxiety related specifically to pain was used throughout this study. We also used the Chamberlain and Haaga Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (USAQ) to measure unconditional self-acceptance levels. Using the SPSS software, a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data.

 The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of pain anxiety in the ACT group decreased from 78.49 ± 6.83 in the pre-test to 53.67 ± 5.41 in the post-test (P < 0.001). In the hope therapy group, it decreased from 79.18 ± 6.32 in the pre-test to 66.46 ± 5.89 in the post-test (P < 0.001). The mean ± SD of self-acceptance in the ACT group increased from 62.39 ± 6.14 in the pre-test to 93.57 ± 7.64 in the post-test (P < 0.001); in the hope therapy group, it increased from 63.21 ± 6.32 in the pre-test to 89.72 ± 7.53 in the post-test (P < 0001), but the mean ± SD of both variables in the pre-test and post-test of the control group showed no significant difference. In addition, the Bonferroni post-hoc test revealed that the ACT approach had a stronger impact than the hope therapy (P < 0.01).

 According to the findings of this study, patients with leukemia who participated in either ACT or hope therapy experienced a significant improvement in their ability to accept themselves and experience less anxiety and discomfort as a result of their treatment. However, the effects of ACT were greater than those of hope therapy.

 The mental health of patients with cancer can be affected by the disease, treatment stages, and their own personal experiences of acute suffering. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on stress, anxiety, and depression in patients with breast cancer.

 This study was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study was women with breast cancer in the chemotherapy phase who were referred to Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from May to October 2020. Among 214 women, 40 were chosen using the available method and devided into experimental and control groups (20 women in each group). The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) pre-test was performed for both groups. SPSS software was utilized for statistical analysis. Throughout this study, descriptive statistical indices [mean and standard deviation (SD)] and inferential indices [repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA)] were used.

 There was a considerable difference between the scores of stress, depression, and anxiety of the two groups in the field of the efficacy of mindfulness training on stress, anxiety, and stress in women with breast cancer. The levels of depression (F = 26.235, P < 0.001), anxiety (F = 22.374, P < 0.001), and stress (F = 23.416, P < 0.001) were significantly reduced under the influence of this treatment (P < 0.001). Besides, the mindfulness method had a good lasting effect, and the effects of this treatment were stable in the follow-up period of ten days and one month.

 The MBSR effectively reduces stress, depression, and anxiety in women with breast cancer. Therefore, it could be considered that mindfulness as a psychological intervention can help patients facing breast cancer.

 High-risk sexual activities are a major social concern. Thus, the present study was conducted with the aim to assess the awareness of male medical students regarding high-risk sexual behaviors.

 This cross-sectional study was performed on 86 male students who had been studying at Shahid Beheshti University in 2018-19. We used a researcher-made checklist. The demographic information of students and their knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases‎ (STDs), STD treatments and prevention methods, and human papillomavirus (HPV) were assessed. They were also asked about their Gardasil and Hepatitis B vaccination stage. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software.

 We found that 58.1% of students were sexually active. Moreover, 37.25% of them reported receiving sex education from their parents or at schools. Although 93% of students knew at least one contraceptive device, 20.9% of them had experienced high-risk sexual relationships, which is significantly high. However, none of the students had acquired an STD. In addition, 89.0% and 75.0% of students had knowledge of STDs and their prevention ‎methods, respectively. 68.19% of students had knowledge about HPV. Students were well informed about vaccines against STDs; however, only 18.6% of them were vaccinated.

 Overall, students were well informed. A considerable number of them had experienced high-risk sexual activities. It seems that our high rates are due to the fact that we only assessed medical students. We recommend that authorities in the education system reconsider their attitude toward this issue and include sex education in the medical education curriculum ‎in order to prevent these infections.