Journal of Innovation Management and Organizational Behavior
Volume:3 Issue: 4, Winter 2023

 The purpose of the present research was to pathologize the descriptive evaluation system and present a suitable model in primary education (case study of Alborz Province).

 This study is descriptive-survey in nature. The statistical population includes experienced teachers and doctorate-level educators in the field of primary education in Alborz Province. Using Cochran's formula and a simple random sampling method, a sample size of 384 was determined. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire derived from the qualitative section. Validity was confirmed in two forms: 1. Face validity and 2. Construct validity, which includes two types of convergent and divergent validity confirmed by the “Fornell and Lurcher” method. Reliability was obtained as 1. Composite Reliability (CR) and 2. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.83. The data analysis of the model's validity was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis, and its reliability was examined using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, employing Smart PLS software.

 Findings indicated that the pathology of descriptive evaluation in the primary period of Alborz Province, considering the lived experiences of expert teachers in Alborz Province, consisted of three main categories (dimensions): social damages, individual damages, and organizational damages. Additionally, it showed that the model derived from the synthesis of research texts related to descriptive evaluation in primary education included five main categories (dimensions): prerequisites, inputs, effective roles, outputs, and goals, each of these dimensions having their own components. It also demonstrated that reliability coefficients for the questionnaires of prerequisites, inputs, outputs, effective roles, and goals, and their components were all above 0.7, indicating the high precision of the measurement tools used in this research.

 Financial system and banking planners can use the results of this research to formulate digital banking and improve the quality of banking services.

due to the heterogeneity of the behavioral factors in shareholders' decision-making, the most important concern of shareholders is choosing the stock portfolio that can get the highest return.Iran's stock market has always faced severe fluctuations, and this is the most important factor in the decision of shareholders in choosing stocks. Being aware of the effects and predicting the price trend of stocks before choosing a stock portfolio helps shareholders to reduce losses or increase returns.

The main objective of this research was to create a stock portfolio in accordance with the Iranian stock market in such a way as to be able to simulate different scenarios.

stock portfolio selection is one of the areas that can help shareholders better with factor-based modeling tools.In this research, focusing on modeling capabilities based on factors, shareholders, tradable securities including 20 symbols from different industries have been modeled.

Agents sell in this artificial market in each trading period in accordance with the trading strategy and the accepted learnings.In order to check the validity of the model, the statistical output of this market was approved by experts, professors and managers of the capital market and its validity was confirmed.

Despite the factors with variable behaviors, it is possible to form a stock portfolio for each group that leads to the relative satisfaction of the shareholders.

The importance of career planning in organizations has increased and has been noticed in various fields. The purpose of this research was to provide a model for planning the professional career path of vital and key human resources. Research

The method of this research was quantitative-qualitative with a survey method and practical orientation. The statistical population of the research consists of managers and employees of Saipa Automotive Group companies. The data collected through the questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics in the demographic characteristics of inferential statistics (one-sample t-test, paired t-test, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model) in SPSS and Lisrel software. The current situation of the studied society was investigated using a one-sample t-test and the importance of each of the indicators of the total dimensions of the five herds was investigated.

The results showed that people's needs, job rotation, job characteristics, job promotion, and organizational needs, respectively, are of great importance in the current situation. Also, the results of the second-order factor analysis indicated that the dimensions of career path planning according to the respondents in terms of importance are 1- job rotation with workload (0.94), 2- people's needs (0.91), 3- job characteristics ( 0.90), 4- career promotion (0.89) and 5- organizational needs (0.85).

It can be concluded that the job rotation and the needs of the organization's employees are very important in the way of professional career planning, which can be given special attention.

 This study aims to explore and design development policies for the social security retirement system using a futures research approach, identifying potential future scenarios and formulating strategic responses.

 Utilizing a meta-synthesis of existing literature, expert surveys, and scenario analysis, the study systematically identifies key components, challenges, and opportunities within the retirement system, integrating futures research methodologies to project possible future states and policy implications.

 The study reveals a comprehensive set of governance, social, cultural, economic, and technological factors that are pivotal in shaping the future of the social security retirement system. It also outlines several potential future scenarios, ranging from optimistic to pessimistic, with corresponding strategic actions and policies designed to address the identified challenges and leverage opportunities.

 The research concludes that a holistic and adaptive approach to policy design, incorporating futures research, is essential for the sustainable development of the social security retirement system. It emphasizes the need for continuous reform, innovation, and stakeholder engagement to navigate the complexities of future societal and economic landscapes.

The current research context pertains to digital leadership, examining the impact of digital technologies and modern technologies on the leadership process in organizations, specifically educational organizations. The aim of this research is to present a digital leadership model for managers of educational organizations.

The research method was qualitative in terms of data type, and foundational-systemic (paradigmatic) in terms of nature and type of study. The research population includes experts in the field of human resources, possessing doctoral degrees and experience in authorship, articles, research, and practical experience in this area. Based on theoretical sampling methods, particularly snowball sampling, and theoretical data saturation, 15 experts were selected for interviews. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. Initially, a review of national and international models, findings, studies, and theories was conducted. Then, through open coding, indicators were enumerated, and through axial coding, categorized into dimensions, components, and indicators.

This was sent to 15 experts and identified through selective coding via interviews and brainstorming. The findings culminated in 5 dimensions, 17 components, and 121 indicators for the digital leadership model for managers of educational organizations (case study of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Province). Following final validation and prioritization by experts, the constituting dimensions, components, and indicators of the model were delineated, and the model was re-validated by the experts.

The research results are presented in 5 dimensions: causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, outcomes, and 17 components including digital culture, digital security, digital infrastructure, digital communications, digital structure, digital economy, digital intelligence, digital literacy, upper-level documents, leadership competencies, cognitive abilities, professional skills, human skills, realization of digital university, economic effects, social effects, and environmental impacts.

The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of innovation on enhancing technological capability in organizational performance.

This study is practical in nature as its findings can be used by the Agricultural Bank of Tehran and is cross-sectional in terms of time. The research population consisted of headquarters managers and all senior branch managers of the Agricultural Bank of Tehran, totaling 32 headquarters managers and 460 deputy and senior branch managers, with a total of 115 branches. Therefore, the total number of senior managers is estimated to be 500. Accordingly, the sample size for this research is estimated to be about 217 individuals, based on Morgan's table. The sampling method used in this research was stratified random sampling. The data collection tool wasa researcher-made questionnaire with 64 questions. The validity of the questionnaire was examined in terms of content validity and construct validity, and reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. The conceptual model presented by the researcher was tested using structural equation modeling and the SMART-PLS software.

Results showed that external stimuli have a significant positive impact on internal stimuli, open innovation, and closed innovation. Internal stimuli have a significant positive impact on closed innovation but no impact on open innovation. Also, open innovation does not affect technological capabilities. Closed innovation has a significant positive impact on technological capabilities, and technological capabilities significantly positively affect technology adoption. Ultimately, it was found that the impact of technology adoption on organizational performance is significant and positive.

The findings of this study provide valuable insights for managers and policymakers in the banking sector, particularly those looking to leverage innovation for technological advancement and superior organizational outcomes.

The purpose of the present study was to design a paradigmatic model of innovation management barriers in primary schools of Ahvaz city.

The research method was qualitative and, in terms of purpose, applied. The statistical population included experts in schools and universities, selected through purposive and snowball sampling. The research tool included semi-structured interviews, whose validity was established through face validity, and reliability was determined using the inter-coder agreement coefficient, resulting in 0.81. Data were analyzed using grounded theory method.

The findings revealed that causal conditions included understanding innovation characteristics, feeling the necessity for innovation, identifying individual differences among employees, managing information and communication technology, organizational culture, risk-taking in school employees, organizational structure, material resources, and transformative leadership; contextual conditions included individual characteristics of employees, employee experiences, individual characteristics of the manager, management style, organizational rules and regulations, organizational climate, and having an innovation model. Moreover, intervening conditions included psychological barriers, intolerance of ambiguity and failure, educational barriers, research barriers, performance evaluation barriers, structural barriers, human resource barriers, managerial barriers, and cultural barriers within the organization. Finally, strategic conditions included internal and external networking, division of labor, strategic management, committed and specialized human resources, politicization, having an innovative spirit among employees, the existence of a suggestion acceptance system in schools, administrative hierarchy, delegation of authority by the manager to subordinates, employeesupport, strategic planning, and the outcomes included increased mental health of employees and students, a creative school environment, a reward system for innovative and creative employees, a research-oriented culture, a learning organization, and improved educational quality.

Based on the results, it can be said that the barriers to innovation management in primary schools of Ahvaz city are various factors, and the sub-system of education and management should prioritize and address these barriers.

The present study aimed to model the structural enhancement of the electronic professional learning environment for managers at the Bandar Abbas Oil Refinery.

This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 166 managers, deputies, and employees of the Bandar Abbas Oil Refinery who were selected using stratified random sampling. In this research, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, based on the model by Nami et al. (2022), which was validated in terms of reliability by Cronbach's alpha (above 0.70 for all indicators) and in terms of validity by experts. Data analysis was performed using LISREL software, employing Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and structural equation modeling with confirmatory factor analysis.

The results indicate that with significant numbers, it can be said: The dimensions of education, organization, environment, management, economics, communication, individual, technology, and standardization of education have a significant and positive relationship with the enhancement of the electronic professional learning environment for managers in the Bandar Abbas Oil Refinery (P < 0.001).

Consequently, electronic professional learning environments have unique capacities for designing and implementing learning for managers, which enriches the learning experiences of managers.

To compare postdoctoral experiences globally, focusing on funding models, career development, work environment, and the challenges and opportunities in diverse academic disciplines.

A comprehensive review of recent literature and academic sources was conducted, focusing on various countries and disciplines. This review included qualitative and quantitative studies, reports, and firsthand accounts from postdoctoral researchers.

The analysis revealed significant disparities in funding models, with some regions offering robust governmental support while others rely on competitive grants. Career development opportunities varied, often influenced by regional academic and industry demands. Work environments also differed markedly, with some offering supportive and balanced atmospheres and others posing challenges like job insecurity and limited work-life balance. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities faced by postdoctoral researchers were found to be closely linked to geographic and institutional contexts.

The global postdoctoral landscape is marked by diversity and disparity. These findings underscore the need for more equitable distribution of resources and support systems. They suggest that policy reforms and institutional strategies should be directed towards creating a more balanced, supportive, and globally interconnected research environment.

The main goal of this research is to design the internal relationships between the causes and strategies of political behavior in the public sector using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM).

In this study, through the review of previous research literature and using the opinions of experts in the field of public management and organizational behavior, six causal and strategic variables affecting political behavior in the public sector were identified. These variables were classified using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), which includes six steps, and through the use of a questionnaire.

The research findings indicated that the environmental factors variable serves as the basis of the model, influencing all other variables. At the next level, individual and structural factors are positioned, which affect freedom of speech and adherence to the law, and in turn, these factors influence meritocracy.

Managers should create a suitable environment for guiding public sector units with inhibitory organizational structures towards empowered organizational structures, fostering freedom of speech, adherence to the law, and meritocracy.

The aim of this research is to Designing a customer engagement model with emphasis on electronic customer relationship management in digital banking.

This research, in terms of methodology, is qualitative based on grounded theory and in terms of objective, is applied. The participants in the study included experts familiar with the research topic (university professors, bank managers, and marketing managers in public and private banks in Tehran), 12 of whom were selected using purposive sampling. The research tool included semi-structured interviews, the validity of which was confirmed by face validity, and reliability was also calculated with a coefficient of agreement between coders, resulting in a value of 0.83. For data analysis, a three-stage coding method and the level of categorization of factors and components using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method were employed.

The results showed that the causal conditions in designing the customer interaction model with an emphasis on electronic customer relationship management in digital banking include infrastructure, brand-related factors, digital banking and information systems, contextual factors including training, customer-related issues and socio-cultural factors, the central phenomenon including brand, digital banking and information systems, intervening factors including motivation and access and application, strategies encompassing management and planning, support and protection, substitution, development of return on investment, and outcomes including relationship management, marketing, performance, and interactions.

Financial system and banking planners can use the results of this research to formulate digital banking and improve the quality of banking services.

This research aims to design a reemployment model for retired education personnel using a mixed approach.

The present study is mixed-methods in nature. The qualitative research method involves grounded theory, and the quantitative part employs a structural interpretative method. The qualitative participants include decision-makers and policymakers in the field of retiree reemployment, along with some teachers, totaling 12 individuals. The quantitative research method uses a structural interpretive approach with a matrix of cross-impact analysis coefficients.

The qualitative data analysis encompasses 8 dimensions including individual, social, organizational, environmental, economic, political factors, individual performance, and the performance of the education system, with 23 components in the form of causal conditions, central phenomena, strategies, outcomes, intervening conditions, and contexts. The quantitative findings indicate that dependent variables such as basic and material needs, relational and emotional needs, psychological needs, psychological health, social development, and educational structure are mostly influenced by other factors. Livelihood-based strategy, job characteristics, quality of life improvement are among the independent variables. Influential variables include entrepreneurial strategy, stakeholders, support policies, educational design policies, and economic budget allocation, which are key variables for the reemployment of retired education personnel. The linking variables have a high degree of influence and dependency, which this research has not identified as a binary variable.

Supportive policies play a significant role in enhancing reemployment opportunities for retired education personnel, thus, supporting retirees seeking reemployment requires policies from policymakers in this area.

The current research aims to design a performance evaluation model using the Balanced Scorecard approach, based on the organizational life cycle.

This study is of an applied research type and is survey-based in terms of analysis of collected data. The required data were collected through fieldwork using three researcher-made questionnaires and document study method. The statistical population of this research included 320 managers and supervisors of Iran Khodro Investment Development Company and its subsidiaries. For data analysis, group hierarchical analysis was used. The sample size was determined using the Morgan table, and respondents were selected via simple random sampling.

The results of the data analysis showed that organizations pay more attention to their internal processes during the birth stage. However, during the growth stage, they focus more on increasing market share and customer satisfaction, and on the growth of production and income, which in this case moves the organization towards enlargement and elimination of competitors. During the maturity stage, increasing the economic value of the organization and creating more assets and income along with consolidating and strengthening the market position are of greater interest. Narcissism, lack of attention to renovation and innovation, creativity, as well as increased levels of costs and bureaucracy cause the organization to decline and, since it cannot maintain its market and balance its income with expenses, it quickly moves to the death stage in the organizational life cycle.

The findings of this research can be of interest to human resource planners, especially automotive companies, and can be useful for improving quality and achieving organizational goals.

The model development phase is one of the most crucial stages in the policy-making process. This research aimed to identify the indicators and components for developing a model of anti-corruption policy in Iran, focusing on the implementation of electronic government.

This study was qualitative and applied in nature. It utilized the viewpoints of 20 experts related to the topic (from the academic community in the field of policy-making, who held Master's and Doctoral degrees and had sufficient experience and knowledge and were considered authoritative). To determine the sample size, purposive sampling and theoretical saturation rule were used. The research tool was semi-structured interviews, the validity of which was verified through face validity and reliability through the agreement coefficient among coders. Thematic analysis was used for analyzing the findings.

The findings revealed the existence of five basic themes (development of electronic and knowledge-based administrative systems; leveraging information technology and advanced administrative automation in the administrative system; consolidation of results and information from supervisory organizations and centers in an independent organization; the presence of appropriate collaboration and information exchange between organizations and supervisory centers; and enhancing transparency, speed, accuracy, and completeness of organizational information bases), two organizing themes (information and communication technology and integration of information systems), and an overarching theme (electronic government) for developing an anti-corruption policy model.

It can be concluded that combating administrative corruption is a complex issue that can be improved in terms of the quantity and quality of transparency and accountability of administrative duties through the development of electronic government.

Fintech startups have revolutionized consumer behavior by introducing innovative business models. The concept of value co-creation has emerged as a collaborative effort involving companies, suppliers, employees, and customers. This article aims to examine the scientific production trend in the field of value co-creation within fintech startups from 1997 to 2023.

The research was carried out using the interpretive paradigm and a systematic review approach, employing specific search terms in the Scopus database to analyze 122 articles (utilizing VOS viewer 1.6.19 software). The application of scientometrics in the marketing field represents a fresh approach that highlights the intellectual paradigm guiding the co-creation of value in international managerial research.

A thorough examination of the articles revealed that the majority of research conducted on the topic was centered in the United States. The findings from the research analysis indicated that various aspects including entrepreneurship, innovation, investment, financial services, and stakeholders have been extensively studied in relation to value co-creation in fintech startups.

The research on fintech startups is currently in its early stages of development. This study represents a groundbreaking endeavor to examine the existing literature on value co-creation and establish a framework that focuses on enhancing marketing performance.

Organizational trust is a multi-level concept and represents organizational members' assessment of organized or predictable systems regarding their competency in fulfilling their objectives and responsibilities and adhering to accepted ethical principles in dealings with stakeholders. Researchers believe that contemporary organizations are largely unable to sustain themselves without organizational trust. Consequently, the existence of a comprehensive organizational trust model that examines most components related to organizational trust is essential for organizations; through which they can increase their productivity and effectiveness by creating and developing organizational trust.

In addressing this gap, this study, employing a systematic approach and the seven-stage framework of Petticrew and Roberts, and referring to scientific texts on organizational trust in the period of 1995-2022, attempts to clarify the conceptual understanding of the organizational trust construct, to review and summarize the conceptual models of organizational trust and their limitations, and to determine whether there is a gap in the organizational trust model or not. In examining 13,423 studies, only 63 focused on the construct of organizational trust. Furthermore, of these 63 relevant articles, only 6 presented a model of organizational trust, each with its strengths and limitations.

Despite the increase in studies related to this construct, research has been scattered and lacks necessary integration. The limitations of the identified models briefly include presenting a model for trust in the organization or interpersonal trust instead of organizational trust, considering organizational trust as a one-way phenomenon or merely as a psychological category, most models being derived from literature reviews, models being limited to the relationship between a specific trustor and trustee, examining limited components in the model, and the impact of contextual factors on the model.

Therefore, it seems that despite several models of organizational trust, a comprehensive and complete model for this vital organizational construct has not been presented yet, and in the field of organizational trust studies, there is a lack of a model that comprehensively encompasses the components affecting organizational trust.

This research aimed to present a model for innovation in online advertising and its implications in digital marketing.

The research was applied in purpose and employed a mixed exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) method. The qualitative segment participants were selected experts and specialists in innovation in online advertising and its implications in digital marketing in 2023, determined purposively to be 17 individuals. The quantitative segment's population comprised customers of Digikala and Etkaa stores who had made purchases online during a specific timeframe, considered to be unlimited in number. The sample size for the quantitative part was determined to be 384 individuals using Cochran's formula and the Morgan table. Data collection methods included library research, and the measurement tools were semi-structured interviews for the qualitative part and researcher-made questionnaires for the quantitative part. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through face and content validity methods, and its reliability was established using Cronbach's alpha test. Data analysis in the qualitative part utilized content analysis, while in the quantitative part, structural equation modeling was used with SPSS.22 and AMOS.22 software.

The results indicated that dimensions of innovation in online advertising and its implications in digital marketing were categorized into five dimensions and 15 components. Causal factors (1. Equity 2. Financial resources (input), 3. Efficiency and management), Contextual factors (1. Effective site management 2. Legal support for innovation in online advertising 3. Resource capacities), Mediating factors (1. Managerial weaknesses 2. Process barriers 3. Legal and regulatory barriers), Strategic factors (1. Enhancing economic capacities and financing 2. Developing educational capacities 3. Increasing agility), Outcomes (1. Performance improvement 2. Development of participation 3. Sustainable development in the outcomes dimension) were identified in terms of their importance in designing the model of innovation in online advertising and its implications in digital marketing.

It can be concluded that the dimensions of innovation in online advertising and its implications in digital marketing are interpretable, and legal supports for innovation in online advertising through the enforcement of laws, enactment and amendment of specific laws and regulations for digital marketing, removal of legal barriers to investment, revenue generation, and clarification of legal ambiguities and definitions in digital marketing are effective.

The goal of this research is to present a model for understanding the dark aspects of the organizational myth phenomenon.

In terms of purpose, the research is applied and developmental, descriptive-exploratory in terms of implementation method, and qualitative regarding data type. The sample consisted of 20 scientific experts and knowledgeable individuals in the field of management at Yazd University of Medical Sciences, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted through interviews. Interviews continued until theoretical saturation was achieved, which occurred after 15 interviews. Data were analyzed using the Grounded Theory approach in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding.

A total of 114 concepts from the open codes of the interviews were categorized into 21 sub-categories and 7 main categories, which were organized into a paradigm model consisting of six main classes: causal conditions (organizational causes and individual causes), context (internal organizational environment and external environment), intervening conditions (characteristics of employees and managers), central phenomenon (dark aspects of organizational myths), strategies (individual development strategies and organizational-level strategies), and consequences (individual, organizational, and social outcomes). The resulting model deeply and richly describes the understanding of the dark aspects of organizational myths at Yazd University of Medical Sciences.

Recognizing the influential factors, strategies, and outcomes of understanding the dark aspects of the organizational myth phenomenon at Yazd University of Medical Sciences using the proposed model can assist policymakers, planners, and healthcare sector executives in managing this phenomenon.

The purpose of this research is to design and validate a human resource diversity management model in public organizations in Razavi Khorasan Province.

The present study was conducted with a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) approach. The qualitative population consisted of managers of public organizations in Razavi Khorasan, among whom 12 were selected using theoretical sampling and snowball sampling techniques, and interviews were conducted. In the quantitative part, the population included all managers of public agencies in Razavi Khorasan Province in 2021, numbering 8,936, from which a sample size of 368 was determined using stratified random sampling and Cochran's formula. Data collection tools were semi-structured interviews for the qualitative part and questionnaires for the quantitative part. For data analysis in the qualitative part, MAXQDA software was used, where categories, components were coded through open, axial, and selective coding leading to the theorizing stage.

Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data obtained in the quantitative part. In the qualitative section, axial coding or 6Cs were explained, detailing the causal conditions, core category, strategy, consequences, context, and intervening conditions. In the quantitative section, the research results showed that the proposed model has an appropriate fit.

Until attention is paid to the diversity of employees, their differences, capacities, and knowledge variations, one cannot expect the necessary productivity and efficiency from employees.