International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture
Volume:9 Issue: 2, Summer 2022

Chinese students in Germany suffer from various factors. They also have to adapt to the daily life. There is little known about these issues of Chinese students. Thus, an independent group of Chinese and German experts started an exploratory ‎ study on this situation. There were three general aims

1- to get a better understanding of the situation
2- to create guidelines for the better support of the students
3- to better understand transcultural communication on the field of research
The present paper describes and comments on the architecture of the research. It also describes some typical issues of transcultural communication. Moreover, it tries to contribute to a better cooperation between the Chinese and German cultures.

 In the globalization era, parents need to put more effort to fortify children against sexual violence. There are several cases of sexual violence that are mishandled due to shame, taboo, and parental ignorance. Therefore, this study aims to develop a family-based model to prevent sexual violence against children.

 Three cases which have occurred in Indonesia became as reference, namely Garut, Sukabumi, and Tangerang. The model development was divided into two phases including the scheme and its validation. This research involved housewives and children (33 families), the Integrated Service Unit (UPT) of Rancamanyar, Mitra Citra Remaja PKBI, Tabu Indonesia Berdaya Foundation, and the National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN). A 'Model Peduli Utama' (Delima) (the primary caring model) was employed to prevent sexual violence against children.

 Delima integrated the need for sexuality education, because it formed family resilience as social capital.

 This model increases parents' knowledge and awareness, promoting them to attend to children's privacy. Moreover, it becomes stable because it provides a safe environment for the youth.
 
 

 Metacognitive beliefs are associated with various psychological pathologies in social anxiety disorder, thus necessitating psychological therapies in individuals with social anxiety symptoms. The current study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of group training in emotional schema therapy on metacognitive beliefs.

 The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population comprised all students with social phobia who attended the University of Surabaya and Airlangga University between 2020 and 2021. Through a multistage cluster sampling strategy, 80 students were chosen at random from a statistical population of 143 individuals. For this purpose, the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and 5-DSM were administered. Analysis of covariance in SPSS software was used to evaluate the intervention's effectiveness.

 The mean posttest score differed significantly between the intervention and control groups (F = 8.46; P < 0.05). Moreover, positive beliefs changed the most (25.7%), while the need to control thoughts changed the least (15.21%).

 Emotional schema therapy has effectively reduced symptoms of social phobia and improved medical students' social communication abilities.

 Due to the importance of anxiety and its common symptoms with other physical and mental diseases in elderly patients, valid screening measures are needed. Based on this need, the present study attempted to assess the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Rating Anxiety in Dementia (RAID).

 This research was a cross-sectional study on the development and localization of instruments, conducted on 209 patients with dementia referring to psychiatry clinics of the elderly in Isfahan, Iran, with the convenience sampling method. The procedures for RAID localizations were translated and back-translated in 2021 using central and distributive tendencies and inferential statistical methods, internal consistency of the scale and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were tested. To conduct the statistical calculations, SPSS software was used.

 209 participants with a mean age of 52.6 ± 13.3 were selected. Seventy-eight participants were men (37.3%), and 126 were women (60.3%). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.89. Based on the varimax rotation, in the five-factor model (according to principal component analysis, irritability, tension, anxiety, worry, weakness), questions 2 and 11 were removed for weak factor loading, and eigenvalue was explained by 66.2% variance. The convergent validity between Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale and RAID was positive (r = 0.25, P = 0.002).

 The findings confirmed the validity and reliability of the Iranian version of RAID as an appropriate instrument for screening anxiety in elderly patients with dementia.
 

 Child psychologists argue that primary school years are one of the critical periods of development because many of the child's abilities are developed during this period. There is a research gap in students' social acceptance and the role of psychological well-being and communication patterns between parents. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between psychological well-being and parental communication patterns with students' social acceptance.

 The study design was correlational. The statistical population was all female third-grade primary school students in Tehran, Iran, studying in the academic year of 2019-2020. The sample included 381 female elementary school students and the schools were selected using a convenient sampling method; the samples from these schools were selected randomly. Data were collected using Social Acceptance Scale, Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale, and couples' Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ). Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used for data analysis.

 A significant positive relationship was observed between psychological well-being and parents' pattern of interaction with the social acceptance of children and a significant negative relationship between the components of the pattern of bilateral avoidance of fathers and mothers with social acceptance of students. Multiple regression analysis results indicated that fathers' psychological well-being (13%), mothers' psychological well-being (24%), fathers' constructive model (27%), and mothers' constructive model (29%) could predict children's acceptance.

 Parents' psychological well-being and communication patterns can predict their children's social acceptance; therefore, the results can have implications for the follow-up of psychological problems among the students.

 Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and can cause various psychological issues for those with it. The current study aimed to determine the efficacy of positive psychology in improving hope, self-compassion, and post-traumatic growth in patients with breast cancer.

 The current study used a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design. The statistical population included 483 women with breast cancer diagnosis referred to King Abdullah Medical City Hospital in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia, in 2021. One hundred patients were chosen using a simple random sampling method and assigned to intervention and control groups (50 people in each group). Members of the intervention group received positive psychology training. At various stages of the test, Snyder Hope Scale (1996), Neff Self-Compassion Scale (2003), and Tedeschi and Calhoun Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (1996) were used. The data were analyzed using the mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) test in SPSS software.

 Positive psychology-based intervention effectively improved hope (F = 17.94, P = 0.002), self-compassion (F = 10.41, P = 0.003), and post-traumatic growth (F = 35.23, P = 0.001) in women with breast cancer.

 Positive psychology provides patients with breast cancer with a compassionate and hopeful understanding of the disturbances affecting their quality of life, allowing them to consciously accept their feelings and thoughts.
 

 Emotional intelligence is a collection of emotions and skills that increase a person's capacity to cope with and exert control in adversity, and lead to optimal performance in various domains, including academic achievement. The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the impact of teaching different components of emotional intelligence on the emotional intelligence of medical and nursing students of Basra University, Iraq.

 The current quasi-experimental study was performed with a pretest-posttest design. With the help of a quota system, 247 students were selected at random and divided into two groups (intervention and control group). The data collection tools used included the Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Questionnaires in the academic year 2020-21. Each group took part in the posttest after 10 training sessions on emotional intelligence components. Analysis of covariance was used in SPSS software to examine the effect of group, discipline, and intervention on various components of emotional intelligence.

 The results indicated that teaching emotional intelligence components was effective on the emotional intelligence of medical and nursing students (F = 99.422; P < 0.01).

 It can be concluded that emotional intelligence training is effective on the emotional intelligence and can be used as an effective method to improve students’ psychological status.

 Infertility in men has increased in recent years. Numerous physical, chemical, biological, and social factors are known to play a role in reducing semen quality, in between, there are high-risk behaviors that affect the quality of semen. In this paper, the effects of three factors: smoking, alcohol consumption, and drugs have been investigated.

 This case-control study was performed from June to September 2021 on 500 people, 250 people with normal semen quality and 250 people with defective semen quality. The data collection tool was a questionnaire made by researchers and semen test results. Finally, the collected data were analyzed by descriptive method with SPSS software. For quantitative variables, mean and standard deviation (SD) were used, while frequency and percentage reports were used for qualitative variables.

 Drug use had a significant relationship with the shape and motility of sperm (B = -0.675, P = 0.005). The chance of natural semen decreases by 0.506 times with an increase of one drug use unit; moreover, the older the age of onset of drug use, the more the semen disorders (B = 0.514, P = 0.002)..

 Smoking and alcohol consumption were not identified as factors affecting semen quality, but there was a significant relationship between drug use and age of onset and semen disorders.
 

 Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects families, especially the parents of people with this disorder. The purpose of this study was to investigate psychosomatic symptoms and mental health in parents of children with and without autism.

 This casual-comparative study was performed on parents of children with and without autism who referred to an outpatient autism specialty clinic located in Tehran, Iran, in 2020-2021. The statistical population included all parents of children with and without autism and the sample consisted of 80 parents selected through random sampling method. Therefore, randomized sampling was conducted and the parents were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The data collection tools used included the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) ‎and General Health Questionnaire-28‎ (GHQ-28). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and MANOVA in SPSS software.

 The results showed that parents of autistic children had higher GHQ-28 and PHQ-15 scores than parents of children without autism (F= 18.47; 11.901; P = 0.001).

 Our results showed that the rate of psychosomatic symptoms and all dimensions of mental health was higher in parents of autistic children compared to that in the parents of children without autism. Thus, governments and other relevant institutions should provide support to parents of autistic children.
 

 Raising a child diagnosed with infantile cerebral palsy (CP) is a challenge for families and causes many changes in their lifestyle. This study aimed to compare the cognitive emotion regulation and psychological well-being in working mothers of children with CP and mothers of typically developing children.

 As a retrospective and causal-comparative design, this was a descriptive study. This study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, in 2019; the sample was purposefully selected from working mothers with CP children who have been referred to educational and rehabilitation centers (Tak and Pouya, District 2, Tehran) as well as mothers with healthy children enrolled in kindergartens (District 2, Tehran). The sample number was selected based on previous comparative studies of 100 working mothers with CP children (n = 50) and mothers with healthy children (n = 50) who answered Ryff Psychological Well-being Questionnaire and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). In this research, in addition to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) normality test, mean, standard deviation (SD), and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used by SPSS software.

 There was a significant difference between working mothers with healthy children and working mothers with unhealthy children (F = 115.15, P < 0.001).

 This study supports that working mothers of children with CP experienced a low level of cognitive emotion regulation and psychological well-being compared to mothers of typically developing children.
 
 

 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disease characterized by chronic abdominal pain, defecation changes, and lack of organ causes for these symptoms. The present study examined the effects of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on depression, self-care, and quality of life (QOL) in IBS patients.

 This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design, experimental and control groups, and follow-up investigation. Purposive sampling was used to select all IBS patients in Bangkok, Thailand. The 40 patients were randomizes into experimental and control groups. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck, 1996), the Self-Care Questionnaire (Lou, 1996), and the Quality of Life Scale (QOLS; Burckhardt and Anderson, 2003), were the tools that were utilized in the collection of data. The collected data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS software. The significance level chosen for the tests was 0.05.

 In the experimental group, CFT significantly improved depression (group*time effect: P < 0.001; group factor effect: P < 0.038), self-care behaviors (group*time effect: P = 0.001; group factor effect: P = 0.057), and QOL (group*time effect: P < 0.001; group factor effect: P = 0.043) in the posttest and follow-up stages. Throughout the length of the trial, the control group's depression levels, self-care practices, and QOL remained unchanged.

 CFT can assist patients diagnosed with IBS in terms of sadness, QOL, and self-care habits. CFT can be an effective method for lowering depression, enhancing self-care practices, and enhancing QOL. This mode of therapy can help patients with IBS by alleviating their psychological issues.