نشریه مهندسی و مدیریت ساخت
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 25، بهار و تابستان 1401)

The need for energy has been one of the most important concerns of human life, and today, with the industrialization of cities and the increase in population, followed by the increase in demand for the use of energy, its importance in life has increased more than before. Also, due to the problems that exist in the use of non-renewable energies, such as the limited nature of these resources and environmental pollution, the countries that are facing environmental crises and droughts, the use of alternative energies and their utilization is a necessity. count Renewable energies, which include diverse, free, available and non-polluting resources, are the best solution to replace fossil fuels. Green architecture proposes a plan for the future that aims to build green buildings with emphasis on the optimal use of energy and preventing its waste in order to provide cooling and heating and preserve it for future generations as well as prevent the negative effects of construction and It is an instrument on the environment. The requirement for the realization of this is the use of native architecture, which the architects of the past, by adapting to the climatic conditions and their designs, provided the best conditions for human comfort and peace. Buildings are one of the things that have the most energy loss and have a significant impact on environmental pollution and human health. In the upcoming research, using library resources, the application of renewable energy in the design of buildings will be investigated considering climate issues.

Climate change is one of the most important problems of the planet. Buildings, relying on non-renewable energy sources, account for 40% of the total energy consumed worldwide and 30% of the total carbon dioxide emissions. The construction sector in Iran accounts for 33.8% of energy consumption, among which the energy consumption in Iran's educational buildings is 2.5 times that of developed countries. Renovation of existing buildings helps to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions globally. In this research, the optimal reconstruction of an educational building located in Tehran was investigated using passive measures. In order to minimize the load of cooling, heating and the initial investment of the building for the current and future climate, the genetic algorithm with non-globe sorting was used in the jEPlus environment. In the optimization of the mentioned building, various options such as parameters related to the building cover, such as the type of insulation and its thickness and the type of glass used in the windows were considered and finally solar panels in order to reach the building with zero net energy. used. The passive option selected considering the current climate causes an 11.83% reduction in annual gas consumption due to heating and considering the climate of the decade 2080 causes a reduction of more than 1.15% in annual energy consumption due to cooling and a 40.4% reduction in consumption Annual gas emissions from heating and a 4.84% increase in cooling energy compared to the base model. The results show that the current optimal building cannot remain optimally in the future.

Today's cities are narrowing the field for the presence of citizens in the city due to the many problems they impose on their citizens. In order to provide a suitable environment for the presence of residents in the streets and urban spaces, the urban space must provide minimum conditions of comfort for people. A space where the temperature is comfortable and annoying factors such as air pollution and noise pollution are small. One of the solutions that can play an effective role in this field is the return of nature to the urban space and reestablishing a balanced cycle of climatic parameters. The use of vegetated green surfaces can be considered an important solution in reducing the temperature in hot seasons through shading and the cooling effect of plants. In addition to the mentioned issues, the aesthetic aspect of these walls can also improve people's psychological comfort and help the presence of people in the urban space. The current research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of green surfaces on temperature changes in urban open spaces, and through simulation with Envi-met program, this issue has been investigated more deeply. The results of these studies showed that in hot seasons, the air temperature around the green walls decreases significantly, and in cold seasons, the temperature is slightly higher than the points with a distance from the wall.

The role of cities in providing shelter is not hidden, and providing suitable housing has a special position in the classification of citizens' needs and is considered one of the most important features of achieving the development of spatial justice. Considering that providing affordable housing in big cities is one of the important slogans of most governments in Iran, but what is less discussed is the role that local institutions and Islamic councils of cities can play in providing housing. Also, considering the 45.2% share of renters from the total population of Shiraz, which has created a special situation among the metropolises of the country, and the sharp growth of housing rent in Shiraz, which is higher than other metropolises such as Isfahan, Mashhad, Tabriz and Ahvaz in 2019. It highlights the need for special attention and playing a role by local institutions, such as the council and the municipality, to support the renters, and in this regard, this article tries to explain the issue of providing rental housing for low-income earners by emphasizing the metropolis of Shiraz.

There is a growing awareness around the world that traditional mitigation strategies which attempt to control water flow, increase the likelihood of catastrophic consequences in the long term, when failure occurs after years of unsustainable development behind flood barriers. As global climate change causes sea levels to rise and weather events to become more severe, severe flooding is becoming more common around the world. Large populations living in deltaic or riverine floodplains will be particularly affected by the worst events. Floating architecture is a defense strategy to deal with climate change that works simultaneously with natural flood cycles in flooded areas and instead of creating an obstacle with the help of a sustainable architecture approach, it enables the flow of water to be directed and controlled. The construction of such buildings can provide significant cost savings compared to other flood and climate change mitigation strategies. This research reviews case studies of existing and proposed overwater buildings with a discussion of their systems and components. It also discusses the construction limitations of some regulatory barriers that have discouraged its development and possible ways forward.

Construction waste as a result of human construction activities on earth has caused many environmental problems. If the life cycle of the building, the three main stages of demolition, design and implementation are considered, each of them carries millions of tons of construction waste, but with strategic and strategic management, more control can be achieved over each one. It had steps, and minimized the amount of construction waste production, and it is also possible to define a spatial strategic plan for recycling and reuse of construction waste for more control and monitoring. Therefore, the current research seeks to investigate and describe the current situation, and provide an ideal perspective with regard to opportunities and threats, and in the next step, previous researches on the subject of construction waste management in the main phases of the project (demolition, design, implementation) review and spatial strategic plan of construction waste management is proposed in 15 components. In this research, information and data have been collected through library studies and analyzed.

Considering the ever-increasing speed of the urban population and its impact on urban growth and the physical expansion of cities and their encroachment on suitable agricultural land in the suburbs, studying, investigating, modeling and monitoring these unplanned expansions are among the important topics of researchers. It is in different fields. For this reason, in this research, Landsat satellite images in 1996, 2006, and 2016 were used to produce the city map and the combination of neural network method with neighborhood filters was used for monitoring and modeling. In this article, only the growth of building use is considered as urban growth. Support vector machine method was used for image classification and map extraction. To model urban growth, the proposed feed-forward neural network was implemented in 2 stages; (1) to learn and determine the weights using the map of 1996 and 2006, and (2) forward to predict the merit map for 2016. In order to accurately predict the merit map Above, the neural network architecture was determined according to the lowest RMSE. Then the predicted merit map was combined with different neighborhood filters and the 2016 map was predicted. The accuracy of the method was determined in two steps. First, the accuracy of the predicted merit map was checked using the ROC method, and then, in the second step, the degree of conformity of the predicted urban map with the reference map of 2016 was obtained by using the comparison matrix and with the criteria of overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient. Finally, the presented method was used to predict the urban map of 2026.

Examining gardens, parks and urban green spaces in new urban neighborhoods that have been placed and implemented with a predetermined plan can show the extent of compliance with the law in practice. In the past decade, the passive defense law has been formulated as one of the topics of the national building regulations. The present study investigated the subject in a descriptive-analytical way, and after collecting information, it analyzed the data of the case sample with the help of GIS software. A case example in this research is the pine grove in Mulla Sadra neighborhood in Qazvin city, which is about two decades old. According to topic 21 of the national regulations, there are seven factors in the field of compliance with passive defense rules in urban spaces, which include open space, natural elements, parapets, shelters, urban equipment, wall height and passages. The results of this research show that from the set of eight criteria defined for the evaluation of this urban space, about half of the factors are not met and the most existing problems are related to the lack of elements located in the space. The implementation of non-active defense regulations depends on the existence of a regulatory body for this issue of national regulations, a review of urban land separation by city planners and consulting engineers, and the addition of urban design regulations and the requirement to implement them by subordinate authorities.

Sustainable urban development is a very strong framework for providing solutions and improving the quality of life, which can be considered as one of the main tools to respond to the vast environmental problems in the world. One of the important approaches of sustainable urban development is smart urban growth. "Smart growth" is a theory in urban planning that concentrates growth in dense urban centers. Development based on public transportation (TOD) by creating urban centers with access to public transportation or developing urban centers takes a step towards the smart growth of cities. The purpose of this article is to investigate the concept of TOD and its place in smart urban growth and the benefits of its implementation, so that by examining the possibilities of creating such development, one of the important factors of smart urban growth can be achieved by providing solutions. In the current research, after collecting information, we have categorized the materials collected from articles and books using a descriptive-analytical library method. The conducted investigations show that TOD has been done or is being done in many cities and the results of the plans show that the implementation of TOD effectively solves the traffic problem and the problems caused by it and leads to smart urban growth.

One of the domains of urban unsustainability is informal settlements, which are unfortunately rapidly taking develop in Iran as a symbol of urban poverty. These settlements also create a chaotic view in the city and inflict extensive social, economic, and cultural damage on the entire of the city. The important point is to identify the basic solution to get out of this dilemma. This cannot be left to its own devices and it was not answered with a cross-sectional and selective approach. Weakness in the urban management, illegal actions, inefficiency of current policies are the main obstacles to taking a transparent path. Different approaches have been implemented in the planning system in different countries to reduce this problem. The Global Development Report identifies the empowerment of the poor and investment in their assets are top priorities in optimizing the lives of those living in these areas. There is ample evidence of the relationship between empowerment and reliance on assets and macro-level development The purpose of this study was providing a process pattern of residents' empowerment based on social capital and assets. Therefore, with a descriptive-analytical method, the potential capabilities and assets of the poor have been analyzed by using documentary studies on informal settlements and solutions to achieve empowerment based on social capital have been presented. The results show that informal settlements carry certain social-participatory capacities and empowerment of the inhabitants of these contexts leads to effective development in the body of these contexts and Social capital, with a wide range of assets was one of the effective factors, increasing the general quality of life. Achieving this requires reducing inequalities by investing in the capabilities and potential assets of the poor and gaining their trust, creation of an institutional mechanism for their learning and participation and strong organizations.

Today, the valuable urban tissues are getting worn out under the shadow of technological advances and speculative view. This wear and tear that occurs in the body and activity of the buildings has a destructive effect on the tissues that are formed during a gradual process and contain the identity and historical memory of the cities. Now, if these tissues belong to the racial or religious identity of the citizens, this negative effect is intensified and threatens the cultural effects of ethnic and religious life in multicultural cities. Today, the need for urban regeneration and revitalization is clear to everyone, but the way of intervention in all dysfunctional contexts cannot be considered the same, especially when the cultural and social contexts are different in the ethnic and religious spheres, which requires knowledge of the existing contexts of each The context, which has different residents, for the success of the project and also the sense of belonging of the citizens to the context after the regeneration, it is better to develop indicators specific to the existing contexts. This research aims to determine the principles of urban regeneration of culture based on different ethnic and religious localities, with an emphasis on ethnography in Urmia city, using descriptive-interpretive methods and ethnography approach, to explain specific regeneration indicators and components. We have made an effort in the direction of valuable urban revitalization in every different context. The findings of the research show that the city of Urmia, which is a multi-cultural and multi-identity city with the existence of different ethnic groups and religions. There are "others" who have gathered together in a city and its components form a common existence which doubles the importance and necessity of studying the social and cultural contexts of each of these ethnic groups.

The issue of urban identity and identity crisis is one of the most important problems that new settlements struggle with; Because these settlements were mainly formed under the influence of modern thinking and the urban identity issue is considered as one of the challenges raised in these settlements. It can be said that one of the most important reasons for the failure of new cities in attracting population is the neglect of issues such as urban identity. Residents of anonymous cities do not want to solve the problems in the city, and these cities turn into dormitory environments over time. Therefore, it is very important to know the identity-giving components and try to improve the status of the urban identity of these settlements. Qazvin Mehr housing is also facing this challenge as a new urban settlement. The main goal of this research is to reduce the problems caused by anonymity in Qazvin Mehr housing. The present study, by examining the current situation of this urban area based on field observations, identifies the identityless problems of this settlement and then, using identity criteria, provides solutions to improve the quality of Mehr housing in Qazvin in terms of urban identity.