نشریه زیست فناوری گیاهان دارویی
سال سوم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1396)

Rosmarinic acid, as one of the most valuable phenolic compounds in different plant species, has severalbiological properties, including antivirus, antibacterial, antitumor and anti-inflammatory. Elicitors, byproducing messages, can stimulate the production of secondary metabolites in plants. Nitric oxide (abioticelicitor) is a stable gaseous radical, which acts as a signaling molecule in plants and in many physiologicalprocesses, development and environmental stresses. Due to the lack of information on the amount of rosmaricacid and the use of SNP as abiotic elicitor in Nepeta nuda L., the effect of SNP on production of rosmarinicacid was investigated in four concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 μM) in vitro shoot culture of catmint hairless.The amount of rosmarinic acid was measured by HPLC after drying samples at room temperature. The resultsof the samples analysis showed that the content of rosmarinic acid increased 37.7% in treatment of nitric oxide(25 μM) compared to the control sample (without application of nitric oxide). Also, amount of rosmarinic acidreduced with increasing nitric oxide concentration in the culture medium. So that the amount of this compoundreached from 54.73 mg.g-1 DW in the control sample to 14.61 mg.g-1 DW in treatment of nitric oxide (100μM). The results of this study indicated catmint hairless plant has the high level of rosmarinic acid and theamount of this valuable drug combination improved with the use of abiotic elicitor nitric oxide at lowconcentration.

Arvaneh plant (Hymenocrater yazdianus) is one of the exclusive plants of Yazd province in Iran. This plant isbelonging to Lamiaceae family and is an important medicinal plant in arid and semi-arid climate. In thisresearch, different hormonal concentrations were studied under in vitro culture conditions. This study wasconducted in a completely randomize design on Murashige and Skoog basal medium 1962(MS) containingBenzyl adenine (BA) and Indole 3 Butyric Acid (IBA) growth regulators in 12 treatments and 8 replicates.Results showed, the highest proliferation was obtained by using BA 1 mg/l and IBA 0.01 mg/l.

Crataegus pseudohetrophylla Pojark. of the genus Crataegus is a member of the Rosaceae family that isimportant in terms of ornamental, food, medicinal, exported, shelter for wildlife and birds, soil conservationand erosion control applications. For callus induction, Leaf pieces (0.5–1.0 cm2) produced by plantlets aftersurface sterilization in MS medium containing 2, 4-D at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mg l-1 and BAPat concentrations of 0, 0.5, and 1 mg l-1, placed in a growth chamber under dark conditions. In the next step,the calli were transferred to culture medium supplemented with growth regulators of BAP, TDZ, NAA, andIBA in different concentrations for regeneration and then characteristics of callus induction (%), callusdiameter (mm), callus type, and callus color were recorded. 100% callusing at concentration of 2 mg l-1 2, 4-D in combination with 0.5 and 1 mg l-1 BAP with the greatest diameter at concentration of 2 mg l-1 2, 4-D incombination with 1 mg l-1 BAP and hard, globular and embryonic in texture with light green to dark green incolor were observed on MS medium. 100% explants forming shoots (regeneration) was obtained using of 12and 14 mg l-1 BAP in combination with 2 mg l-1 NAA and the highest means number of shoots per explantswas observed at concentration of 10 mg l-1 BAP in combination with 2 mg l-1 NAA.

The genus pumpkin from the family Cucurbitaceae with oily seeds has 10 species, 5 of which are ofagricultural importance. Three species C. Pepo and C. Moschata, C. Maxima are more important. The presentstudy aimed to investigate genetic diversity based on ISSR markers in 30 genotypes of 3 populations ofpumpkin. For this purpose, 4 primers with simple repetitive sequences (microsatellite) were used. In this study,72 genetic locations were ranked, of which there were 72 polymorphic locations with a polygonal percentageof 100%. To assess the genetic similarity between the population, cluster analysis using Jaccard's similaritywas used with UPGMA method. The mean genetic distance of genotypes (by Jaccard's coefficient of similarity)was 0.77 and the mean of content (PIC) was 0.47. The ISSR11 primers had the highest PIC (0.50). With theregret to dendrograms obtained from cluster analysis revealed a high variation among genotypes. The highestgenetic distance was between genotypes R30, R11 and R14 and the lowest genetic distance between R24 andR27. The results of this study showed that ISSR markers can be effectively used to study the genetic variationof pumpkin. Among the primers used, the marker ISSR11 ((GA) 8 G) was the most suitable primer forsubsequent studies.

High antioxidant and minerals such as Ca, Fe, ZN and vitamins such as A, C was causing high value in Basil.But asexual reproduction basil by seeds it has diversity and high uniformity. for this reason direct regenerationbasil by tissue culture it has production of plants with high uniformity. In this experiment nodal explants oftwo variety purpule and green Basil put in MS with BAP in three levels0, 1/5, 2/5 mg/L. Qualities investigatedwas contains number of regeneration, number of root, number of leaf, root length, shoot fresh weight, shootdry weight, leaf length, shoot length. The effect of hormone treatment in all qualities in 1% was significant.Effect of varities in number of regeneration, fresh weight and dry weight in 1% and other qualities in 5% wassignificant. In examining the interactions of the variety and concentration hormons showed that was significanton fresh weight and dry weight in level 5%. The highest number of regeneration was obtained in purple Basilin 1/5 mg/L BAP with average regeneration 3/17. According to results purple Basil was suitable varity fortissue culture. Also BAP in 1/5 mg/L on all qualities had the best effect.

In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus on the characteristics of herbaceous plant under stressconditions, a factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with threereplications at the Agricultural Research Farm of Urmia University in 2012-2013. Irrigation at three levels;irrigation after 50 (control), 100 (medium stress) and 150 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan(severe stress) as the first factor and association of fungi (control and glomus intraradices) as a second factorwas considered. The results showed that with increasing irrigation levels from 50 to 150 mm (evaporation frompan), seed number per pod, 1000 seed weight and essential oil yield of Fenugreek decreased significantly. Thehighest percentage of essential oil was obtained from 100 mm irrigation water evaporation from the pan. Also,at each level of irrigation (50, 100, 150 mm evaporation), the maximum total chlorophyll content, relativewater content of leaves, biological yield and grain yield of Fenugreek were obtained was obtained fromtreatment of mycorrhizal fungi.

Purslane include valuable secondary metabolit such as dopamine, noradrinalin and omega-3. This plant is usedin different industries medication, food and hygienic. Also is used in trearment of various diseases likediabetes, heart troubles and relieve pain. Tissue culture use to produce the same plants and free ofcontamination in short time. It is a useful method that can use in eugenic and genetic engineering. In thisexperiment the effect of hormone BAP on the direct regeneration of purslane has been studied. Shoot tipexplant from from sterille plants derived from germination of seeds cultured in the medium MS containingdifferent concentrations BAP (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 mg/L). Percent regeneration, number stems, leave number, stemlength, leaf length, fresh weight and dry weight were investigated. Analysis of variance of data showed effectof BAP on all traits at 1% level was significanted. The highest percentage of regeneration and other trairs wasobtained at 4.5 mg/L BAP. In the control medium, 1.5 mg/L no regeneration was seen.

Cerasus mahaleb L. is a member of the Rosaceae family that have been used in different industries aspharmaceutical, packaging, dyeing, chemical, sanitary, food, and perfume. For callus induction, Leaf pieces(0.5–1.0 cm2) produced by plantlets after surface sterilization in MS medium containing 2, 4-D at concentrationof 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mg l-1 and BAP at concentration of 0, 0.5, and 1 mg l-1, placed in a growth chamberunder dark conditions. In the next step, the calli were transferred to culture medium supplemented with growthregulators of BAP, TDZ, and KIN and NAA in different concentrations for regeneration and thencharacteristics of callus induction (%), callus diameter (mm), callus type, and callus color was recorded. 100%callusing with the greatest diameter and friable and globular in texture with cream to light green in color wereobserved on MS medium at concentration of 2 mg l-1 2, 4-D in combination with 1 mg l-1 BAP. Calli showedno regeneration due to brown in color and highly soft and watery in texture.