نشریه پویایی روانشناختی در اختلال های خلقی
پیاپی 1 (بهار 1401)

Divorce is considered one of the most stressful events in people's lives, and along with many pleasant and unpleasant factors in women's lives, divorce is considered an important and terrible event in their lives, which has many personal and social consequences in their lives. Based on this, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the strength-based approach on psychological hardiness and feelings of loneliness among divorced women. In terms of purpose, the current research was of an applied type, and in terms of method, based on the research design and method, it was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design (with an experimental group and a control group and a three-month follow-up period). In the present study, the statistical population studied included all divorced women who referred to counseling centers in the 10th district of Tehran in the first half of 2011; Among these people, 40 people were selected and randomly assigned to an experimental group (20 people) and a control group (20 people). Then, the strength-based approach based on the protocol prepared by Darbani & Parsakia (2022) was implemented on the test group. In order to collect data, research tools included Russel et al (1998) loneliness questionnaire and Lang et al (2003) psychological hardiness questionnaire. In the descriptive part, frequency distribution tables were used, and in the inferential part of data analysis, mixed variance analysis with repeated measurements and LSD post hoc test and SPSS software version 26 were used. The F value and the significance level of the obtained value were calculated in the variable of psychological hardiness (F = 8.22 and P = 0.001) and loneliness (F = 6.40 and P = 0.002). Therefore, the independent variable i.e. the strength-based approach has significantly changed the dependent variables i.e. the feeling of loneliness and psychological hardiness. Therefore, it can be concluded that the changes made in the dependent variables were caused by the implementation of the strength-based approach on the experimental group. The results of the LSD post hoc test showed that the effects of the strength-based approach on the research variables were stable. Based on the available findings, it can be concluded that the strength-based approach is effective on the feeling of loneliness and psychological hardiness of divorced women, so it is suggested that experts use the techniques of this approach in their work.

Marriage has always been emphasized as the most important and the highest social custom to meet people's emotional needs. The main reasons for marriage are having love and affection for a partner and companion in life, satisfying emotional-psychological needs and increasing happiness and contentment. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to investigate the effectiveness of therapy based on realistic acceptance and commitment on couples' happiness and emotion regulation. In terms of purpose, the current research was of an applied type, and in terms of method, based on the research design and method, it was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design (with an experimental group and a control group and a three-month follow-up period). The statistical population used in the current study included all couples who referred to family counseling and couple therapy centers in the 2nd district of Tehran in 1401. Among these people, 40 people (20 couples) were selected using the purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to an experimental group (20 people or 10 couples) and a control group (20 people or 10 couples). Then, a treatment package based on acceptance and realistic commitment was implemented on the experimental group based on the protocol of Afshari et al (2022). The research tools included the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and the Gross & John (2003) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. In order to statistically analyze the data, variance analysis with repeated measurements and LSD post hoc test and SPSS software version 26 were used. F value and significance level were calculated in the variable of emotion regulation (F = 6.17 and P = 0.002) and happiness (F = 5.81 and P = 0.003). It can be concluded that the independent variable (treatment based on realistic acceptance and commitment) has significantly changed the dependent variables (regulation of emotion and happiness). Therefore, it can be concluded that the changes made in the dependent variables were due to the implementation of the treatment based on acceptance and realistic commitment on the experimental group. The results of the LSD post hoc test showed that these effects were stable. Based on the available findings, it can be concluded that the therapy based on realistic acceptance and commitment was effective in regulating the emotions and happiness of couples. Therefore, it is suggested that experts benefit from the techniques of this approach in their work.

Life after divorce seems impossible for many people. After the divorce and separation from the spouse, everything starts again. Women will experience new negative or positive emotions from the day of divorce. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to investigate the effectiveness of the strength-based approach on self-control and emotional regulation of divorced women.In terms of the purpose, the current research was of an applied type, and in terms of the method, based on the research design and method, it was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design (with an experimental group and a control group and a two-month follow-up period). The statistical population used in the present study included all divorced women who referred to counseling and psychotherapy centers in the 7th district of Tehran in 1401. Among these people, 40 people were selected using the purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to an experimental group (20 people) and a control group (20 people). Then, the strength-based approach based on the protocol prepared by Darbani & Parsakia (2022) was implemented on the test group. The research tools include the emotion regulation questionnaire of Gross & John (2003) and the self-control questionnaire of Tangney et al. (2004) was. In order to statistically analyze the data, analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test and version 26 of SPSS software were used.F value and significance level were calculated in the variable of emotion regulation (F = 7.56 and P = 0.002) and self-control (F = 6.91 and P = 0.002). It can be concluded that the independent variable (strength-based approach) has significantly changed the dependent variables (emotion regulation and self-control). Therefore, it can be concluded that the changes made in the dependent variables were caused by the implementation of the strength-based approach on the experimental group. The results of the Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the effects of the strength-based approach on the research variables were stable.Based on the available findings, it can be concluded that the strength-based approach was effective in regulating emotions and self-control of divorced women. Therefore, it is suggested that experts benefit from the techniques of this approach in their work.

The current study aimed to comparison the causes of celibacy and delay in marriage among male and female students, with emphasis on their attachment styles. The research design was descriptive with correlational and also ex post facto type. During the 2016-2017 academic years, 300 single students (150 Male- 150 Female) from state and Islamic Azad Universities were selected by cluster sampling and inclusion- exclusion criteria. The research tools were Marriage Interest questionnaire (Student Edition, Persaud), Adult Attachment Scale (AAC) and a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and stepwise multiple regression procedures. The results showed that legal factors in in female students and cultural factors in male students are the significant factors for delayed marriage and celibacy in students. Moreover, attachment styles can determine 5.1 % variance of students’ interest in marriage. Altogether, the results of this research indicate that students with secure attachment style have more tendency to marriage. Hence, training children with secure attachment style, improving the attachment style of young people, and remove the legal and cultural barriers of youth marriage could be increase the tendency to marriage.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Taekwondo martial arts on emotional intelligence of boys in the 3rd district of Tehran. The present study is a experimental study that was carried out in a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study is all the students of the first grade secondary school in District 3 of Tehran, among which 30 students were divided into two groups. The non-random sampling method was available, so that at first all high schools in first grade were selected by high school and all 30 high school students were selected, 15 of them volunteered to participate in taekwondo training courses, Experiments were performed and 15 other students were assigned to the control group, after which both groups responded to the emotional intelligence questionnaire. The experimental group received Taekwondo training for two months, and the control group did not receive any training. At the end, both groups responded to the emotional intelligence questionnaire in the post-test phase and a total of 60 questionnaires were analyzed. An emotional intelligence questionnaire was used to collect information. For analyzing the data, descriptive level of central incidence and dispersion indices and inferential level of covariance and variance analysis were used. The results of this study showed that taekwondo combat sport education has an effect on emotional intelligence in first grade boys.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Taekwondo martial arts on emotional intelligence of boys in the 3rd district of Tehran. The present study is a experimental study that was carried out in a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study is all the students of the first grade secondary school in District 3 of Tehran, among which 30 students were divided into two groups. The non-random sampling method was available, so that at first all high schools in first grade were selected by high school and all 30 high school students were selected, 15 of them volunteered to participate in taekwondo training courses, Experiments were performed and 15 other students were assigned to the control group, after which both groups responded to the emotional intelligence questionnaire. The experimental group received Taekwondo training for two months, and the control group did not receive any training. At the end, both groups responded to the emotional intelligence questionnaire in the post-test phase and a total of 60 questionnaires were analyzed. An emotional intelligence questionnaire was used to collect information. For analyzing the data, descriptive level of central incidence and dispersion indices and inferential level of covariance and variance analysis were used. The results of this study showed that taekwondo combat sport education has an effect on emotional intelligence in first grade boys.

Family is the most important institution of human society, which is the most fundamental and the first institution of society, and the first step to establish this social institution is marriage. In other words, the family is known as the most important unit of societies, and marriage is the most basic human relationship; Because it forms the primary structure of family relationship and the growth of the next generations. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of couple therapy based on McMaster's model on the psychological toughness and family resilience of couples on the verge of divorce. The current research was applied in terms of its purpose, and in terms of method, based on the research design and method, it was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design (with an experimental group and a control group and a three-month follow-up period). The statistical population used in the present study included all couples who referred to family counseling and couple therapy centers in the 9th district of Tehran in 1401, and 40 people (20 couples) were selected randomly from among these people using the purposeful sampling method. An experimental group (20 people or 10 couples) and a control group (20 people or 10 couples) were assigned. Then, a couple therapy package based on the McMaster model was implemented on the test group based on Ryan's (2005) protocol. The research tools include the family resilience questionnaire of Gross & John (2003) and the psychological toughness questionnaire of Tangney et al. (2004) was. In order to statistically analyze the data, analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test and SPSS software version 26 were used. According to the F value and the significance level of the value obtained in the variable of family resilience (F = 6.52 and P = 0.003) and psychological toughness (F = 6.30 and P = 0.003), it can be concluded that the variable Independent (couple therapy based on the McMaster model) has significantly changed the dependent variables (family resilience and psychological toughness). Therefore, it can be concluded that the changes made in the dependent variables were caused by the implementation of couple therapy based on the McMaster model on the experimental group. The results of Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that the effects of couple therapy based on the McMaster model on the research variables were stable. Based on the available findings, it can be concluded that couple therapy based on McMaster's model was effective on family resilience and psychological toughness of couples on the verge of divorce. Therefore, it is suggested that experts benefit from the techniques of this approach in their work.