نشریه اندیشه راهبردی شهرسازی
پیاپی 1 (پاییز و زمستان 1401)

One of the ways to create regional development is to determine free and special economic zones. Planning in order to form regions with comparative advantages can lead to region self-production development. This study aims to determine the position and influence in Amirabad Port Special Economic Zone production and its influence as a third-generation port on regional development. This research is an applied research which uses the descriptive-analytical method. Development indicators have been determined using library sourcs, then, the six indicators were evaluated using interviews, observation, customs documents reviews and data, surveys, photographs, and researcher notes. The results show that most investments have moved towards imports-oriented (warehouses, reservoirs, and silos). Meanwhile, most employment in the manufacturing sectors like wood and construction materials industries, are export-oriented activities and include the lowest in terms of frequency. In order to leave the current situation and to boost production in special economic zones, strategies such as: attracting necessary investments in conversion and processing industries of horticultural and livestock products, creating supporting industrial clusters, developing conversion and complementary industries can be considered. Also strengthened maritime and trade diplomacy in order to expand Eurasian trade to extand as many industrial and agricultural units adjacent to the Special Zone as possible is considered. By prioritizing and strengthening the productive and export-oriented activities of the special economic zone of Amirabad port, endogenous and production-oriented development in the port area of the north of the country can lead to improvement.

Due to its various meaning, the concept of “unity” is used with different aspects within urban design so-called vocabulary. Despite this extent of use, this concept and its multiple and various aspects is not studied properly. On the other hand, most of existing studies about “unity” are undertaken by western approaches while it seems that this concept should be interpretate from devine revelation. According to these statements, this study gives a typology of definitions proposed by experts about “unity” and the way they applied it to urban design. The recognition between these diverse approaches relation is made through descriptive-analytical methods. Finally, after exploring the Quran's attitude toward unity (according to the Tadabbor method), it is compared with other definitions and approaches. According to Quran’s attitude, perfect unity could be reached just by the accordance and compatibility of three systems, named: “active system of causes” (refer to active cause in philosophy), “inner system of causes” and “ultimate system of causes”. Other approaches to unity which are classified into nine types, usually focus on just one or two of these systems. This shows the lack of comprehensiveness of “unity” concept and the importance of the three condition of unity system throughout urban design.

Inclusive design is a design process in which a product, service, or environment is designed to be usable for as many people as possible, particularly groups who are traditionally excluded from being able to use an interface or navigate an environment. In many cities of Iran, despite the existence of a wide range of disabled people, there is less attention about adapting passages and facilitating the entry of public spaces and buildings for disabled people. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to experimentally explain factors and adaptation of accessibility for people with disabilities in private/public buildings and passages in Ordibehesht street area of Shiraz city in Iran. The method of this research is based on a descriptive-analytical approach, the data collection was collected through interview and observation analysis technique, and then, the information analysis was performed through SWOT matrix and strategic planning matrix. The results show the necessary to redesign parts of the cross sections of this street, especially in the gathering place of medical centers due to the lack of facilities and suitable furniture for sick and disabled people. It is also necessary to apply all features of inclusive design and differentiation of the sidewalk from the street; locating and constructing pause and rest spaces for sick and disabled people. The premier strategy is a competitive strategy (WO strategy: helping and guiding people with disabilities). The suggested action plans of this strategy are the use of touch indicators and color changing edges in the street to improve the navigation of disabled people.

In recent years, the city management has considered the neighborhood development plans of Tehran mostly on deprived neighborhoods. Of course, after Tehran, this was gradually considered in many other cities with minor changes. Currently, with the identification of different dimensions of these plans and the role they play in attracting participation and increasing citizen satisfaction, the preparation of these plans for all neighborhoods in Tehran is on the agenda. These documents are in fact part of strategic planning with a participatory and bottom-up approach. Considering several years since the beginning of preparing these documents and creating the necessary legal bases and executive instructions on how to prepare and monitor plans, the challenges of implementing the development plan of Imamzadeh Ghasem neighborhood have been studied as an example in this research. The results show that this plan, despite the positive points in the way of preparing the program and attracting participation, still suffers from shortcomings that overshadow the feasibility of the project. In this article, these challenges are divided into two content aspects (mostly related to the background conditions of document preparation) and procedure aspects (mostly related to the processes followed in document preparation, implementation and monitoring).

The unplanned growth and development of cities in most regions of the world has led to the destruction of agricultural and natural lands. Transfer of Development Right (TDR) is one of the land use approaches and policies that prevent the destruction of agricultural lands, valuable natural lands such as forests and historically valuable land uses in the countries of Western Europe and America. During the last decades TDR approach raised in the other countries of the world. This approach seeks to reduce or eliminate development in places that should be protected, and instead encourages the willingness to increase development to areas that demand growth. The concept of TDR is proposed in Iran since the 1980s and several researches and urban development plans carried out in this field but has never been used practically. In this research, the aim is to investigate implementation obstacles and the reasons for the failure of this approach in urban development plans in Iran. The methods used in this research are Delphi and Analysis Hierarchy (AHP). The results obtained from this research indicates that economic factors are the most important and effective factors and this criterion has a greater effect than other factors on the realization of TDR programs.

In recent decades, following the unprecedented expansion of cities, pedestrian services in urban areas have gradually decreased. With the excessive increase of cities, urban spaces should be moved towards vitality and pleasantness for citizens. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to assess the vitality quality of urban sidewalks on Salman Farsi Street in Ahvaz. The research method is confirmatory-analytical. The statistical population of the research was randomly selected 100 people who are present on the sidewalk. Data analysis was done using SPSS software tests, Friedman, Chi-square, T, multivariate regression statistical tests. According to the results of the questionnaire, some of the priorities of the lively sidewalk from people's opinions are: variety of uses, security and safety, organization and improvement, morale and culture, pause space and city furniture. In addition, the creation of a sidewalk is considered as one of the people concerns, and the components of security, culture, creativity and diversity have the greatest effect.

Metro is one of the public transportation systems that plays an effective role in transporting citizens in big cities, which is moving towards sustainable development. The quality of services provided by this system has a significant effect on the desirability and the increase of passenger engagement. In this article, the components of spatial quality affecting the satisfaction of metro users is investigated. The focus of the research has been on examining functional components. Metro line 2 of Tehran municipality is investigated as a case study of this article. In order to determine the effective components, the completion of a questionnaire among the users of Tehran Metro Line 2 stations and the use of factor analysis technique is used. Based on the results of the surveys, the parameters of metro passengers' satisfaction with escalators, arrival time, ventilation quality, interior decorations, facilities for the elderly and satisfaction with the level of lighting have the greatest impact on the satisfaction of users of Metro Line 2 stations of Tehran Municipality. In addition, sanitary services, emergency and prayer rooms are among the most popular uses of these stations. In this regard, it is suggested to work on the situation of these cases while improving the services provided to passengers in order to attract more passengers and reduce the use of private cars in urban transportation.

The unplanning growth of cities have negative consequences. One of the most important issue is the formation of informal settlements in peri-urban areas. Azadegan area of ​​Iqbaliye city is one of the informal settlements in this city, whose residents have many problems such as poverty, unemployment, addiction, lack of senses of belonging to the place of residence and many physical components problems. The aim of the current research is to provide urban planning solutions to adjust the existing problems in the area of ​​Azadegan in Iqbaliye city through sustainable regeneration. This research is an applied descriptive research with the use of analytical method. The framework of sustainable regeneration in informal settlements is developed with library sources and residents' point of view about the current situations is surveyed with questionnaire. Based on the population in Azadegan area (2850 people) and Cochran's formula the number of questionnaires that is required is 339 people. Lack of facilities and services, smallness, lack of durability and stability of building structures, low safety and security, health and environmental problems in existing urban spaces, improper lighting of roads and traffic accidents are among the most important problems within this area. According to the strategic planning approach of this area, different proposals is considered, such as health road, women's park, city hall, restaurant and the transfer of commercial-service line from Imam Khomeini Street to the city beltway.

Theorizing especially in social sciences concerned with hierarchical levels of values and normative preconceptions whether from the perspective of formulizing and interpretation or policy making and application. Meta-theories (ontological, epistemological, methodological issues) are at the top of the hierarchy, followed by social science theories and finally ends to policymaking theories. Policymaking theories connect fundamental and theoretical thoughts to social acts. Environmental planning as a normative profession and activity requires such theories to propose governing activities. This paper aims to discuss whether there are any cases of policy theories in environmental planning or not. Following with this question if respecting the fact that in the recent decades, sustainable development concept has been a source of inspiration to environmental policymaking activities around the world, would it be possible to consider it as an environmental policy making theory or not. Based on epistemological, linguistic and historical analysis, the paper suggests that it is possible to consider sustainable development concept as a policy-making theory. Furthermore, regarding obvious effects of this concept on adopted environmental policies all around the world including Iran, it is confirmed that sustainbale development concept is consider as a case of policymaking theory in environmental planning.

Urban poors start city planning and create spontaneous settlements when there is no proper planning for their city. A most important consequence of this lack of attention of urban policy makers leads to urban unsustainability developments. Unimplemented approved land uses of detailed plan in Eslamieh and western part of Dowlat Abad have led to the weakness of urban services in these settlements and this has caused local and urban sustainability. Therefore, increase social, economic, environmental and physical aspects of sustainability in these settlements can help to develop urban sustainability in Kermanshah city. In this article two method is used for analyzing. First, comparing trend during a period of time, and second, comparing with absolute standard, in addition SWOT is used to measure the role of various factors in physical, social, economic and environmental aspects of physical sustainability in Eslamieh and western part of Dowlat Abad neighborhoods. The results demonstrate that some indicators in physical aspect such as dynamic and compatibility, readability and quality of residential land use can help to access urban sustainability but sidewalk coverage and services land uses per capita indicators decrease local sustainability. Some indicators in social and economic aspects such as population density and sense of place belonging are proper for gaining sustainability in these neighborhoods, but Authority Corporation and informal employment have negative effect on economic sustainability. There is also unsustainability in security and safety, land and property values, cleanliness and waste, and green space indicators in these neighborhoods. In general, the strategies can be considered to increase the community services land use per capita and create the required land uses, increase the participation of people and organizations and strengthen the economic situation of neighborhoods

Compared to other regions, dysfunctional urban environments lag behind in terms of growth and must attain spatial justice, social equality, economic vitality, and ecological health. Additionally, it is a thorough and operational understanding that resolves internal issues. Frequently, new development ideas incorporate a variety of buildings or landscapes that drive the growth of the city. Catalyst projects are methods that can be used with previous tactics to pave the way for urban transformation techniques such as the re-creation and reconstruction of dysfunctional area. The Zargande Development Stimulating Project of Tehran has conducted this study using a novel location-based intervention strategy for inefficient urban tissues. This research is a descriptive and analytic research in terms of its objective, application, and methodology. Using library sources and field observations, AHP and SWOT approaches were used in order to analyze the data by way of expert choice. The results indicate that the worn-out and inefficient fabric of the Zargande neighborhood faces several internal environmental flaws and considerable economic, social, cultural, and tourism prospects. In order to choose the most suitable site for implementation, uses of commercial, economic, cultural, and tourism themes can be defined to form patterns within Zargandeh context. By adopting adaptive tactics and decreasing existing shortcomings, it is possible to maximize the research area's available opportunities.