نشریه حکمرانی متعالی
پیاپی 14 (تابستان 1402)

Governance generally consists of two basic parts: one; Decision-making and policy-making, two; Implementation of policies and decisions. The first case is discussed in the science of public policy and the second case in the science of public administration; In other words, these two components are two sides of the same coin. Policy-making is formed by taking into account the values and interests of certain groups in a specific context of power relations, which somehow deviates from rationality. On the other hand, since public policies are mainly formulated in response to a public issue or problem and they focus on humans, they are complex and multifaceted and cannot be solved with the approaches of natural sciences. The approach based on frontics, which is derived from the word phronesis in ancient Greece by Aristotle, can be a suitable alternative for policy making and its implementation beyond the approaches of natural sciences. In the current research, taking into account the role of power in public governance and emphasizing the frontal approach, it has been tried to answer four basic questions in the field of public governance: (1) Where are we going? (2) Who benefits and who loses and with which power mechanism? (3) Is this development desirable? (4) What should we do about it? Finally, a praxis-oriented approach in governance is suggested, because it considers the difference in governance contexts and emphasizes the distinct governance of each platform from another platform; In this case, rulers should understand how to be effective in their governance field.

With the rise of the role of knowledge in various fields, it is important to pay attention to the governance knowledge of the education system for policy making and its correct management as a platform for the growth and progress of societies in various fields. The knowledge tree of education system governance of the province is one of the appropriate solutions for macro-policy and correct management in the selection of education managers of that region. The drawing of collaborative knowledge for the management of the province's education system will be a new paradigm and a systematic approach in the governance of the province's education system, and a new perspective can be applied in its management. The main goal of this research is to extract and group the main branches of knowledge needed by governance for the management of education and education in the province through a meta-composite qualitative method. The population and statistical sample of this research is all the library documents related to the governance of the education system in the period from 1988 to 2022. All documents indexed in Google Scholar were identified using Publish or Perish software, and finally 27 indexed documents out of 680 scientific documents were analyzed as well as coding of 221 specific keywords from the documents with MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2020 software. The result is that the governance knowledge tree for managing the education system of the province with the iMindQ software based on the analysis of valid scientific documents in three main levels of knowledge of institutionalization of education thought-making elements, knowledge of education policy, knowledge of architecture of the governance components of the education system of the province and each to several levels. Another subsection was categorized and drawn.

One of the most basic duties of governments regarding the citizens and society of the countries is to provide national security. Security as a platform for the life, growth and progress of people in different fields is essential and considering the complex relationships between the components affecting the dimensions of national security, the stability of national security as a way to ensure national security now and then. The future is considered by governments. Also, the "good governance" model, which is the basis for measuring the state of governance among countries by the United Nations Development Program in the form of 8 indicators, and which has a functional implication with stable national security, is an option chosen by the researcher to It should be examined with the stability of national security. Based on this, the researcher has chosen his subject in terms of "good governance" and "sustainability of national security in Iran". The main goal of the research is to know the relationship between supreme rule and the stability of the national security of Iran. The research method is applied-developmental in terms of the purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of approach. The collection of information is by library method and questionnaire. The data of this research has been analyzed using SPSS software. The statistical population is 130 people and the sample size is equal to the Cochran formula of 69 people, and the reliability of the questionnaire has been confirmed by the method of repeating the test and calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89 through SPSS. In conclusion, it was found that there is a meaningful, direct, reciprocal and two-way relationship between good governance and the stability of national security in the Republic of Iran, so that the stability of the national security of the Republic of Iran It has a direct and reciprocal relationship in the stability of good governance in Iran.

Government managers and experts have realized that the traditional approaches to community management and the use of centralized and inflexible structures are not the answer to today's complex conditions; On the other hand, although good governance follows a series of common and universal principles and procedures that do not depend on a specific geographical environment or time period, a significant part of governance principles and procedures are always influenced by environmental considerations and depend on specific time and place conditions. . The social and cultural conditions of the present era, the maturity of political and social participation of the people, as well as the general demand for participatory governance models, have provided the ground for providing governance models that fit these requirements. In this regard, one of the important strategies of transformation in governance was identified, structural decentralization and transfer of affairs to the people. One of the structures and, in other words, institutions that play a role in governance, is an organization called the Province Management and Planning Organization. According to the official documents, in order to realize the provincial governance, this organization has a description of duties and authorities and records of various services. In order to explain the provincial governance more clearly, this research has explained the roles of the management and planning organizations of the provinces. In order to achieve this goal, the content analysis of the published documents and the opinion of experts in the focus group have been used. The findings of the research show that based on the studied documents, 185 basic themes, 22 organizing themes and 4 comprehensive themes under the titles of watcher, conductor, executive and supporter can be imagined for the management and planning organization of the province.

One of the proposed models for the realization of good governance is the "local governance" model, which is based on administrative decentralization and emphasizes the direct role of people in managing their local and regional affairs. The current research, with a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on library and documentary sources, has tried to research and investigate the desirable state of managerial decentralization in the political-administrative system of Iran from the perspective of Shahid Beheshti (RA). The main question is that in Shahid Beheshti's thought, what is the ideal state of local governance and what is the model of decentralization he wants. The findings of the research show that avoiding centralism and paying attention to local self-governance is one of the important principles of popular governance from Shahid Beheshti's point of view. From his point of view, among the various models that have been proposed for decentralization, the ideal model for the Islamic Republic system is the "local self-government" model, which will gradually change towards a kind of federalism, while maintaining the principle of centrality and hierarchy. delegates broad powers to local institutions and organizations. The limits of the powers of the local elected bodies are as long as they do not lead to separatism and autonomy.

In this research, an attempt was made to examine the most basic requirements of good governance. The health of governance is considered very important and necessary for all societies. Governments are trying to present a favorable image by observing some factors of efficient governance. Therefore, in the literature of global governance, optimal governance is analyzed and even through international assemblies, the indicators of optimal governance of countries are measured. Practically and theoretically, good governance has been emphasized a lot in religious teachings. One of the most sublime teachings of good governance is the recommendations of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (a.s.) to Malik Ashtar. If in local and provincial governance, while paying attention to the different requirements of the context of each province compared to other provinces, policy-making processes and desirable actions are carried out with a strategic view in line with national governance policies, the path of sustainable national development will definitely be smoother. In this research, an effort has been made to obtain the dimensions and indicators of desirable governance through a detailed study of the 53rd letter of Nahj al-Balagheh. This research is of applied type and has been done with qualitative method and Pedam's meta-discourse analysis. In this research, important dimensions such as the transparency of the governance environment at the national and provincial levels, meritocracy, attention to the public interest and subjects, and the fight against structural corruption and the phenomenon of influence have been identified as the basis of good governance.