فصلنامه بیمه و کشاورزی
سال دوازدهم شماره 43 (بهار 1394)

In Actuarial science the usual credibility formula holds whenever, (i)claim size distribution is a members of the exponential family ofdistributions, (ii) prior distribution conjugates with claim size distribution,and (iii) square error loss has been considered. As long as, one of theseconditions is violent, the usual credibility formula is no longer hold. Thisarticle using the mean square error minimization technique develops asimple and practical approach to the credibility theory. Namely, weapproximate the Bayes’ estimator with respect to a general loss functionand general prior distribution by a convex combination of the observationmean and mean of prior, say, approximate credibility formula. Then thisarticle employs a well known and powerful maximum-entropy method(MEM) for extending said results to a class of linear credibility, wheneverclaim sizes have been distributed according to the logconcavedistributions. Namely, (i) it employs the maximum-entropy method toapproximate an appropriate Bayes’ estimator (with respect to either thesquare-error or the Linex loss functions and general increasing andbounded prior distribution) by a Linear combination of claim sizes; (ii) itestablishes that such an approximation coincides with the exact credibilityformula whenever the require conditions for the exact credibility are held.Application to crop insurance has been given.

Investment in the Agricultural Sector is considered as special importance. Basedupon some reasons such as high risk of agricultural crops production, insufficientinvestment in this sector is not conducted. Agricultural crops insurance isconsidered as one of the most appropriate strategies for dealing with risk anduncertainly in agricultural sector. In this study, effects of agricultural insurance onagriculture sub-sector investment in of Khorasan Razavi province is discussed byusing multilevel modeling. To collect required data and information for this study,two steps cluster sampling method is used. Required information is collected byusing interviews and questionnaires from 595 farmers in agricultural years 2013-14. Results from estimation of four levels model showed that a part of investmentdissimilarities is related to placing the farmers at different levels (Climate, cityand insurance). The results also showed that factors such as loan, the insuranceyear, the insured level, lead to significant and positive effect on investment andtype of available water source have significant and negative effect on investment.According to this study, it is suggested that in order to achieve effectiveagricultural crops insurance, offered insurance services should be consideredbased on the climate type and each province cities.

The issues related to supplying the dietary needs across today’s world areconsidered among the fundamental problems facing the mankind andagriculture which is regarded as the foundation of dietary productions. Thesolution to this difficulty is to adopt suitable politics towards increasingproduction power and decreasing risk in the agriculture; this is consideredamong the plans by which the dietary safety is attained. In this regard, it isposed to ensure the agricultural products as a suitable strategy to decreasethe economic risk and enhance the dietary safety in the society. Thepurpose of this study is to investigate the role of the insurance ofagricultural products in the economic status of the villagers living inSaman County. The present study is of the applicative type, its method isdescriptive-analytical based on measurement, and also its data wasgathered through the library as well as field-based methods. The field￾based study was conducted through designing and filling in thequestionnaire given to 250 households in villages of Savadjan, yase chai,Kah-kesh, Chamaly and Chlevan which were chosen randomly along with30 experts and respective authorities (Insurance fund and AgricultureJihad). The obtained data was analyzed by using SPSS software. Theresults of ( test )obtained out of the study are indicative of the suitableeffect of ensuring the agricultural products on the economy of the understudy villages. In addition, the results obtained out of the test show thatensuring the agricultural products plays an effective role in enhancing theincome, increasing the employment, as well as increasing the agriculturalproducts; however, is not the case in investment enhancement inagriculture.

Pistachio as one of agricultural produce is highly faced with climate andeconomic factors. Income stabilization and reduction its fluctuation forPistachio growers should be take into consideration as one of the mostimportant objectives in future. Agricultural insurance for Pistachio is oneof the most crucial ways to prevent income fluctuation. The mainobjective of this research is to investigate agricultural insurance effect onPistachio income in different property systems of Pistachio growers inRafsanjan. Data collected through 108 questionnaire using multi stagecluster sampling in 1391-92. Cob- Doglos production function used fordata analysis process, employing Spss Software. Results indicated that inall property systems insurance has positive effect on Pistachio growersincome. Also as area planted increases, the number of farmes who acceptsinsurance and the effect of insurance on farmes income increases.

This research has done with the aim of investigating effective factors oncitrus farmer's satisfaction regarding performance of agricultural productsinsurance fund in Ilam province and in general framework of surveyresearch. The statistical population of present paper are all citrus farmerswho have made to insure their products (n=97) which were conducted ofthe census method. Data were collected using a questionnaire that itscontent validity was confirmed by panel of experts included facultymember and agricultural products insurance fund. Also, Cronbach's Alphacoefficient was in some interval (0.92-0.96) that indicates the reliability.Data analysis has done using SPSSv22 software. Correct behavior insuranceexperts was as the main items affecting on the satisfaction of citrusfarmers. Also, results of stepwise multiple regression analysis indicatedthat ability and quickness of action of fund in paying for compensation tocitrus farmers, annual household income, times of receiving loan andBanking facilities and times of participating in educational-extensioncourses, 58.6% of variance in the dependent variable (satisfaction of citrusfarmers) have expressed.

In this study, we have tried to find the type and frequency of the riskinherent in the production of wheat and sugar beet studied of ZarghanDistrict of Shiraz County. Needed Data were collected from 120 completedquestionnaires from farmers. The results showed that the highest risk ofproduction for wheat is at germination until the end of tilling (18.18% ofinsured and 63.13% no Insurance) and the panicle stage (18.18% of insuredand 63.13% no insurance). And for the sugar beet it’s from the emergenceperiod of the production to the end of weeding and thinning (the insured inthe 27.27% and the non-insured groups 27.27%). The creation of newinsurance system, insurance and improve the current structure can promoterisk reduction in the production of these two products are the result.

Agriculture has always been a risky economic activities. Because of lowfarmer,s income, social and economic harms of these events are clearer indeveloping countries. For these reasons, the Agricultural insurance can beone of the ways of agricultural development. According to the fact thatinsurance, like any other modern phenomenon may face hurdles due totissue-specific of rural areas and agriculture conditions, Therefore doingvarious research to identify obstacles in this regard and to remove them inorder to explain insurance acceptance in agricultural products is necessaryall the time. Also since the amount of the success and efficiency ofagricultural insurance policy significantly depends on tendency to farmersinsurance products is their, Therefore some studies in order to acceptancethe insurance by farmers are so important. Considering the low statistics inthe farmers insurance and also lack of accepting the insurance ofagricultural products by these farmers; in this research has been to try toinvestigate the acceptance insurance effective factors by Using theinformation of 118 Barberry farmer in Ghayen in 1392 and also usingLogit, Probit and Tobit models. Obtained results show that Tobit model isbetter than tow others because of the ability to respect the distinctionbetween effective factors on the acceptance insurance. Also obtainedresults from this three models showed that some factors have positiveeffect on the acceptance insurance (farmer education, annual income, useof banking facilities, under cultivation, use of education services, the indexof insurance knowledge, index of technical knowledge and farming) andjust one factor (age of farmer) has negation effect on the acceptaneinsurance.