فصلنامه علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مشهد
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1384)

Background and determining the rate of using family planning methods and assessing attitudes of married women 25 under years about family planning.Maternals and This research is a descriptive retrospective correlational study and 542 married women under 25 years were selected from Health centers in cities and villages in West of Mazandaran province by cluster sampling and data were collected through interviews. The most common contraceptive method is IUD (28.6%). According to the belief of majority of individuals (74.8%), the ideal number of children is two, and the majority of individuals have positive attitudes about the ideal number of children (59%) and family planning (60.6%). Also there are significant correlations between contraceptive methods and the following demographic parameters: age of marriage (p< 0.02), number of labor (P< 0.0016), number of children (p< 0.001), educational level (p< 0.0006), educational level of spouse (P< 0/0099). the spousé job (P< 0.00001), place of residence (p< 0.0001). and condition of residence (p< 0.0001). In the study population, the most common contraceptive method is IUD and there are positive atttitudes about family planning.

Present study was designed for "comparision the effect of fennel and ibuprofen on primary dysmenorrhea in highschool students." 120 girls between 15-19 from 4 highshools in Mashhad, who comlained of dysmenorrhea and their pain was moderate or severe were enrolled in this study. Totally 20 cases excluded from study, parents disconsent (3), fennel´ s odor(4), caraccident (1), changing school (5), and incomplete information(7). Verbal multidimensional scoring and qustionaire and check list were used for gathering data. In the first cycle by Ibuprofen (400mg q4h-q6h orally). They used this treatments for two cycle at the beginning of the cycle. Statistical analysis were performed by the independent samplet-test, paired t-test, mann-withney test and signed ranked wil-coxon test. The study results showed the effect of fennel and Ibopfn are smllarin the intensity of pain (p=0.416), the frequency of use of drug (p=0.584), duration of menstrual flow (p=0.153), the cases’ satisfaction of drug 9p=0.66), ability of workperformance (p=0.349), the increase of menstrual flow (0.79). The persecuting signs with dysmenorrhea hadn’t decrease in two groups. The mean duration of initiation of action was 1.85 hour for Ibuprofen and 1.26 hour for fennel. In ibuprofen group9(18%) cases and in fennel group 13 (26%) cases reported a mild increase in menstrual flow. The number of pads had decreased in ibuprofen group (p=0.038) but not in fennel group (p=0.308). The essence of fennel can be used as a safe and effective herbal drug for primary dysmenorrhea, however, it may have a lower potency then ibuprofen in the dosage used for this study.

Inrtroduction: HTLV1 Virus, is a member of the lentovirus Family. It is considered to be endemic in khorasan state (northfastern of Iran). Myelopathy and T cell leukemia are well know complications of this viruse. In this study, frequency of neurological symptoms and their relationship with VEP findingd as a diagnostic tool has been evaluated. 30 infected pationts with HTLV1 virus who had myelophthy enrolled in this study. After complete neorological examination, VEP Test was performed for them.Rusults: Mean age of patients was 42.5. The most frequent sign was increased patellar refiex (66.71%), dysesthesia (65.4%) hyposthesia (46.7%) and urinary problems (42.3%). Abnormal VEP findings was detected in 23.3% of patients. abnormal VEP findings in about 23% of Patients indicates that in addition to myelopaty other parts of CNS are also involved in TSP. It seems that VEP like demyelinative disorders could be a useful tool in diagnosis and evaluation of these patiants.

Blepharitis or of the eyelids is a common disease of eye which may be seborrheic or bacterial. Often blepharitis is asymptomatic but maybe associated with some signs and syrnptoms such as itchy eyelid skin and redness ofeyelid margine. Blepharitis can anterior orposterior or mixed. Posterior Blepharitis is meibomain glands dysfunction and anterior Blepharitis can be seborrheic or staphylococcal. We have studied 100 blepharitis cases who came to the ophthalmology department of22-Bahman hospital. The average age was 36.92+ 22.2 years old and 60% were female and 40% were male. 44% of these cases were housekeeper and 22% student most ofthe patients (86%) hadn´ t been treated before and family history was negative in 94% our patient had biepharitis for meanly 4.19 monthes. Seborrheic blepharitis was seen in 46% and staphylococal blepharitis in 28.50% and mix blepharitis was seen in 15.5% Themost common signs and synptons associated with blepharitis include itchy eye skin eyelid rnargin redness, mebomian glnnds inflarntion (66%, 38%, 34% respectively) irritation and foreign body sensation, eyelid - margin irregularity and congunctival hyperermia are also common in blepharitis. Oily discharge, fibrin clot, whitening of eyelashes, chalasion and hordelum.Thin and small eyelashes, punctate or marginal keratitis, ring ulcer and xerophthalmia are rare. All af the blepharitis manifestations are often bilateral and right eye involverent is more common in unitaral types. The most common cause of blepharitis is seborrheic type and staphylococal is the next.

Chronic otitis Media Result From Inadequate treatment of Acute Infections in this retrospective study of 116 cases who visited in the E.N.T department of 22 Bahman and 17 shahrivar hospitais in Mashhad, we Reviewed clinical and paraclinical findings. This is study condvcted retrospectirely on patient proved to have chronic ottitis media by imaging or surgery. Clinical findings and micabial culture was gathered and presented with descrip tire statistical analysis. The most commonly age was 10-20 and 40-45 years, And The most common clinicai findings were: A long history of otorrhea, hearing loss and tympanic Perforation. Pseudomonas (40%) and staphylococcus Aureus (26%) were the most common organismus. In Audiometery most of the patients had mild to moderateconductive Hearing loss, the most radiological finding was low Pneumatization and sclerosis ofthe Mastoid Bone. Pseudomonas is the main reason of chronic ottitis media, resulting in hearing loss and loss of pneumatization.

Urinary tract infection is a common problem and appropriate diagnosis and treatment is necessary in decreasing the morbidity and the cost, regarding increased antimicrobial resistance we decided to study the prevalence of resistance of uropathogens to 6 conimon used antibiotics.Method and material: The study was performed on 200 patients with UTI in Mashhad Azad Islamic University in 1383-84. The mean age was 38.52 years, 61.5% were women and men consisted 38.5% of patients. The two common uropathogens in this study represented the E.coli (59%) followed by staphylococus (17%). Findings wereanalysed with SPSS software. The antibiotic resistance was 40% to cephalexin, gentamycin (24%), co-trimoxazole (60%), nitrofurantoin (11%), ciprofloxacin (17.8%) and nalidexic acid (37%) in our study. Resistance rates among common uropathogens continue to evolve and appear to be increasing to many used agents. Continued surveillance of resistance rate among uropathogens is needed. The drugs of choice for empirical treatment of uncomplicated cystitis in women are nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin.

Instroduction: Menopause means the cessation of the menstrual function afterdecrease in the function of the ovaries, the onset is usually at thc age of 51, due to the decrease in the estrogen, several symptoms appear in this periold. The main symptoms are hot flashes, atrophy in the genital urinary systerm, mood disorder, osteoporosis and, high risk of eardiac-vascular disorders. Unfortunaely, this clinicalproblem has not received sufficient attention in Iran. This research was done over 402 women in the Mashhad. During (1999-2000) uninvestigaton on menopause women for evalvation of average age, the symptoms and the percentage of therapy was undertaken. Study designwa age with cross, sectional. The women aged between 38-65 in the city of mashhad A questionnair was prepared an all of them were filled out by thc researcher then the data wcre formatted though the EPI software. the average age for menopause was 46.6 and 10% of the patient suffered from premature menopause heavy physical laber, hysterectomy, nuliparity, sport activities and the age of commencement of monthly period contribute to menopavse, but high blood pressure, diabetes, heart problem, application of OCP, didn´ t have any effect on menopause symptom such as hotflash, and mood disorder in comprison with the rates mentioned in the slim patient, the patient´ s attitude towards menopuase is generally negative, and is closely related to mainly undertaken by medical staff. there is scant research on menopause in Iran, through raising public awareness regarding medical care. Through mass media women can be encouraged to refer to the doctor and also develop a positive attitude toward the matter.

Different methods have been used to evaluate the beneficial effects of varicocelectomy; these include semen parameters and pregnancy rate. Due to the high biological variability of semen parameters, sperm functional tests have been considered as an efficient end point in the assessment of fertility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of varicocelectomy on semen parameters, sperm chromatin and membrane integrity. Protamine deficiency, the presence of excessive histone, chromatin stability, the ability of sperm to undergo decondensation and membrane integrity were all respectively assessed by chromomycin A3, aniline blue staining, SDS, SDS+ EDTA and HOST, in 35 patients over a period of 2 years. The results of this study showed that among semen parameters, only sperm motility, sperm membrane integrity and sperm chromatin integrity showed significant improvement post surgery. The cumulative pregnancy rate in this study was 25.7%. Comparing the results of the aforementioned parameters between the patients who made their partners pregnant as compared to those who didnot, the results show that only those patients may benefit from the varicocelectomy who have improved sperm morphology, decreased sperm protamine deficiency and decreased the presence of excessive histone over 3 monthes post surgery (P< 0.05).

Hyper insulinism is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia of infancy. Insulin concentration is inappropriately elevated at the time of hypoglycemia. Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of in fancy (PHHI) is a familial disorder which inherited autosomal dominant or recessive. it s incidence in general population is 1/50000 but in arabic and ashkenazi Jewish it s incidence is 1/2500. In this report we descibe a case with persistent hyper insulinemia due to nesidioblastosis.