نشریه بانوان شیعه
پیاپی 12 (تابستان 1386)

A child is the heir of the parents and the two are his/her patterns. He/she inherits habits and characters, and learns how to live. So, if faith, goodness, honesty etc. were the attributes of the parents, the children would be so. The twelve Shii Imams (p.b.u.t.) are of pure stock and race and everyone, in addition t o infallibility and given knowledge, has many qualifications, and they were famous in unique character. Their fathers were Imams and patterns, and their mothers, although, were from various families and different nations, but the biography of these ladies shows that they were similar to each other in qualities and qualifications; qualities like pureness, cleanness, servitude, and devotion in faith. This paper is charged with their identification.

Fatima al-Zahra (peace be upon her) is the manifestation of God's nature and all attributes. Hence, she has gone well beyond the limitations of mankind and joined the infinite and the absolute being of the Real. So it is very difficult and fully beyond the usual human understanding to know and grasp her inner aspects and mystical place. By discussing the trip towards God and its codes and mysteries, some mystics stated some traditions about some mystical places of Fatima al-Zahra (p.b.u.h.). One of these mystical places is 'poorness and piety'. Imam Muhammad al-GHazali, the great philosopher and mystic of the Muslim world, in his Ihyau 'Ulum il-Din in the chapter of 'poorness and piety' has narrated a tradition about Fatima al-Zahra (p.b.u.h.), which shows her majesty in the place of poorness i.e. in battling the self and unification with the infinite and the absolute being of the Real. By explaining this tradition, the writer interpreted and analyzed the 'place of poorness and piety' from the viewpoint of some mystics.

During the Islamic history, especially during the periods in which the Imams (peace be upon them) were compelled to quietism and to avoid intervening in political affairs, the Islamic society gradually went far from the human-making Islamic commandments, so that, in imitation to the caliphs, debauchery meetings and consumerist culture became common between individuals. In this field, there was paid less attention to the value and character of women, but rather instrumental and commodity view to them became a public culture. The court women always been in rivalry to each other in using expensive dresses and jewelries, and participating in debauchery and splendid meetings was part of their daily programs. In fact, as the government class women, the pattern they offered to the society was submerging in material affairs and worldly living and was very far from human perfections.In such a society that the false and null values were preaching, the Ahl ul-Bayt women, following the guidance of the Imams (peace be upon them), were of highest extents of Unitarian vision. By studying with the Imams and participating in their contemporary scientific, cultural and socio-political activities, they display the high place and character of Muslim women.

The Orientalists usually suggested the causes of Shii emergence and existence of this thought in the contemporary period as well as t he causes of Iranian tendency toward Shiism. One of the Orientalist's ideas is the role of Imam Sajjad's (peace be upon him) mother and her relation to Imam Husayn (peace be upon him) in this tendency. On the basis of some tendencies, some of these Orientalists deny such a marriage, but accept the effect of the marriage reports on Iranian acceptance of Shiism, although some of them mention this marriage as the only cause of Iranian acceptance of Shiism.This writing does not have the intention to confirm the statements about the relation between Imam Husayn (peace be upon him) and Shahrabanoo, nor to deny it; because it requires another chance, rather it wants to state and critically examine the thoughts of the Orientalists about Shiism and the role of Imam Sajjad's (peace be upon him) mother in the Iranian approval tendency towards this thought school.

By stating a precise biography of our lady Narjess from her birth to death, this paper examines the main stages of her life. The purpose of suggesting the miracle-like biography of the mother of the savor of the humankind is to explain the inner and spiritual trip towards complete unity, faithfulness to prophet-hood, love for guardianship (willaya) and to make it clear that passing the course of happiness and reaching to the destination is possible through submission to Islam and love for the pure Imams (peace be upon them). Moreover, the divine special favour for human guidance and salvation is fully obvious.

We are talking about a perfect human which have had the role of motherhood and training of the best friend of God, the holy Musa b. Jafar (peace be upon him). Regarding the biographical issues and the traditions and historical reports as well as the analyses of researches, in this paper, this probability is strengthened that the holy Hamidah is amongst the best ladies of the world from the beginning of human creation to the Last Day. This is in contrast to the common thinking that her place - and those like her - is lower than holy Asyah and holy Marry. This paper also examines her qualities and character traits and her important responsibility at the time of Imam Sadik (peace be upon him) as well as the high place and common virtues of Imam's mothers. Nevertheless, we acknowledge that we cast only a little light on her glorious life, and in order to attain better, more perfect and deeper results, the subjects of perfect human - that could be deduced from Quranic verses, tradition and mysticism - must be used.

This paper tries to introduce the historical geography of Imam's mothers devotional and pilgrimage places in Mecca, Medina and Samarra in the original context of these cities, to correspond those contexts with historical development and to determine their today unknown situation.Today, although, these places could not be found except in historical books of later centuries. Regarding all the deficiency and decrease of credible sources, drawing historical geography ofthese works would open a suitable mental field for researchers, historians or the pilgrims of these holy places and would make it possible to see better the earth and the humans related with the spiritual world.