فصلنامه مطالعات اجتماعی - روان شناختی زنان
سال نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 29، زمستان 1390)

Changes brought about by globalization processes have created tensions and challenges so that they affect different values of generations (parents and children) as well. This is a survey-method research which attempts to study religious values of females having residence in Lar and Jahrom cities. Religious values have been indexed in three dimensions (collective، individual and beliefs). Using cluster sampling، 1060 female high school students and their mothers were selected for our survey. Findings show that generally the process of socialization (mother’s religious values) has a determining role in explaining their daughters’ religious values. In all، Jahromi girls are more religious than their Lari counterparts. The most striking difference between daughters and mothers can be said to lie in collective dimension of their religious behavior. But in Lar there is more difference between mothers and daughters in terms of religious values. Regarding the belief system، there is no significant difference between mothers and daughters. In Jahrom two factors، collective dimension of religious behavior and mothers’ beliefs، are meaningfully associated. In Lar mothers’ collective dimension of religious behavior and the rate of their use of information technology; the media، are the most important factors that affect daughter's religious values.

We administered the present research to study the role of levels of self concept and perceived organizational justice on males and females psychological commitment. The statistical population included some workers of public sector organizations، among whom 305 persons (215 males and 90 females) were selected using stratified random sampling. Research questionnaires consisted of: levels of self-concept scale، distributive justice questionnaire، procedural and relational justice questionnaire and psychological commitment questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson´s correlation coefficient، hierarchical regression analysis and independent sample t test. The results showed that: 1) There is significant difference between males and females in relational justice. 2) For males in the first block of hierarchical regression analysis، distributive justice، procedural justice and relational justice have significant relationships with psychological commitment (P<0. 05)، but for females in first block، relational justice and then procedural justice have positive relationship with psychological commitment. 3) In the second block with adding the levels of self–concept، individual self-concept for males، and relational self-concept for females have significant relationship with psychological commitment (p<0. 05). Findings of this research revealed that relational self-concept and relational justice are important for women’s psychological commitment، whereas for male’s psychological commitment، individual self-concept and distributive justice bear significance.

This paper seeks to offer a sociological explanation of body management among women in the year of 1389 (2010). The statistical population consists of women 15 years of age and older residing in the city of Tabriz. Such population amounts to about 543123 persons. This is a survey method research with a sample size of 738 persons. The sampling method used was combination of multi-stage cluster، random and systematic sampling. Via the questionnaire the necessary information was collected from the sample population. Upon data analysis، the findings show that: body management has a scale of low to moderate levels among women 15 years of age and older in Tabriz city. Amongst the variables which concern the social comparison of the body، reference groups، education، cultural and economic capital has significant correlation with body management and these variables explained up to 37 percent of the variable variance of body management.

Taking advantage of the theoretical orientation of Apparatgeist (Katz، Akhus. 2002) and the Functional Development Pattern (Geser، 2004)، this study has explored some similarities and differences in perceptions among a group of women in Tehran. In this context، conducted in Sept. 2009، a sample of 300 women residing in six distinct districts of Tehran was surveyed in order to asses: 1. Prevalent attitude about cell phone among different groups of women. 2. Relation between ‘mobile phones’ perceptions’ and ‘mobile usage rate’. 3. Similarity or dissimilarity of attitudes toward cell phone among different groups of women. Some of the main results of the research are: A: Instrumental attitude seems to be the strongest attitude toward cell phone among the women. B: There are significant correlation between ‘emotional attitude’ and ‘instrumental attitude’ with the ‘cell phone usage rate’. C: Similarities in attitudes toward cell phone are stronger than the differences.

Three reasons why we pay attention to entrepreneurship are: creating wealth، building productive employment، and developing technology. It is believed that a revolution is needed for entrepreneurship to take place in societies nowadays. Thus this study is aimed at determining the role education plays in entrepreneurship spirit of vocational high school girl students at three dimensions of stimulating motives، nurturing specifications، and learning skills. The sample was 331 elements; data collection instrument was a related questionnaire with the reliability level of 0. 79. The results states that، based on linear comparison، there was not found any relationship between education and three sub-variables related to entrepreneurship spirit، and the mean of three variables within a three-year period among students of the three grades have been similar، and that the curricula offered did not have any positive effects on promotion of entrepreneurship spirit. And، also based on breath-wise comparison، in spite of relative similarity of the mean scores، standard deviation، and dispersion coefficients of three variables، there had been differences among variables in terms of ranking their mean scores، based on the Friedman test. Finally، given these results، some suggestions were offered on how the managers and authorities can improve entrepreneurship spirit by attending to programs and contents of high school syllabus.

The purpose of this survey study was to identify factors influencing rural women’s social participation in Boyer-Ahmad County، Iran. A simple cluster sampling technique was used to select a representative sample of rural women. A total of 250 rural women were interviewed with the aid of a questionnaire containing open and closed questions. Face validity was confirmed by experts، and the questionnaire was subjected to reliability testing by using data collection in the pilot study with Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0. 53 to 0. 74. However based on the data there was a correlation between the social participation of rural women and variables relevant to women's attitude، age، social capital، education، media، level of information، and job. Social factors that include age، family number، and social capital were among important factors in forming the social participation of rural women. Furthermore، the discriminate function of hierarchical regression modeling results showed that among the variables postulated in the model; age، family number، social capital، education، level of information، and job، were the most important determinants to predict social participation of rural women. Overall، the theoretical framework of this study was able to explain 37 percent of variability in social participation of rural women.

The purpose of preparing this paper was to identify the essential as well as non-essential activities relating to women’s employment in the main economic sectors of the nation، and to assess the spatial distribution of such employment. We were motivated by the fact that half the population consists of women who perform different kinds of economic activities. Yet، various cultural، economic and social barriers as well as gender discriminatory practices have affected their performance and forced them out of the official work force. The sample of this survey consists of 30 provinces. The statistics are derived from national census، then using LQ technique، the statistics are analyzed. Results show that vast differences exist among the provinces with regard to the essential activities of women. In public and private sectors of north-western provinces، by the figure of 1. 24 these provinces are known as essential provinces while Semnan and Tehran via the figure of 0. 76 are recognized as not essential provinces in terms of women employment. Also، in this regard، the agricultural sector shows that 56% of the Iranian provinces are essential، among which Ilam by the quantity of 2. 13 is the highest and Qom by 0. 05 ranks as the lowest. In the industrial sector، 43% of provinces are above 1 and are in the group which export women work force.