مجله راهور
پیاپی 1 (تابستان 1391)

Nowadays، cities are the most important life origin of human and are face with modern phenomenas such as pollution، traffic، dangerous driving and accident. Driving and dangers of probable accidents should be investigated in people’s life. Driving behaviors (overtaking، passing red light، not fastening seat belt،…) are due to their structural position and individual choices. The method of study in this measurement study is 400 people of urban drivers of Tabriz which were investigated randomly. The results show that there is significant relation amony cultrral invest، and inattention error، dangerous error، dangerous violation and life style، and amony individual charocteristics، gender، education and vehicle type are affected on traffic behaviors.

The success of organizations is based on the personal specifications of personnel and how to change them into a longsterm performance. Human resource management factors as a source of competitive advantage for organizations affecting the efficiency of personnel has a great importance for organizations. The development of organizations can be extended by identifying these factors and improving them. There are a wide range of managerial human factors that managers can focus on to achieve success and to improve the efficiency of personnel. This study aims at discussing human resource management factors that can affect personnel efficiency of traffic police. Therefore، three hypothesis are given and، in the first step، after interviewing with some managers and experts، three human resource management factors (performance appraisement of personnel، particippation of personnel in decision making processes، and training) are selected and then، through the use of a questionnaire، the effects of these factors on the efficiency of personnel are evaluated. Finally، the ranking order of these factors is determined. The results show that participation of personnel in decision making processes has the greatest priority and is followed by training and performance appraisement of personnel as the second and third priority levels، respectively.

Considering increasingly growth of science and technology، the need to use modern methods in problem solving represents itself more than ever. Today many of mathematic equations are acceptable for designers; however، the trend of solving such equations creates problems that in some instances makes them impossible to be used. In tworecent decades، the use of modern guidelines that are well know as innovative and ultra innovative methods، paves new way for solving complicated problems. One of the most applicable methods in transportation problem solving، is ants colony algorithm. In this study we will review details and innovations made in this algorithm for designing multi-modes feeder network of public transportation، and from different aspects we will investigate its optimization process. In order to display the conclusions، we have performed the methodology in a supposed network and studied the impact of different parameters of the algorithm on the results of the model.

One of the most remarkable and important consequences of traffic accidents، often neglected، are the damages and casualties in these accidents. A community’s general safety is such a demanding challenge to meet، which requires coordinated and integrated efforts in launching preemptive plans and measures. Everyday people come across different and various systems، among which traffic systems are not only most complicated systems but also deemed as the most dangerous ones as well. Hence، this study aims at identifying the causes of car crashes on Isfahan highways between 2009 and 2010 within the city perimeter، calculating the efficacy of each functioning factor in these accidents، analyzing the spatial distribution of the accidents on the specific highways، and proposing guidelines and solutions for reducing the effective factors of accidents. In carrying out the study، the researcher adopts analytic-descriptive and survey methods and approaches by spatial analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS). Regarding research hypothesis، this study also tries to investigate the most common causes of accidents، and explores relationship between violation of speed limit and severity of accidents. The results of the research reveal that the most common causes of accidents on Isfahan highways (within the city) are: inattention to the right of way (priority)، failure to observe safe longitudinal distance between two vehicles، and distraction. Although speeding and overtaking do not account for a significant percentage of the accidents، the consequences and intensity of these accidents are very shocking. Inarguably most of the accidents resulting in the deathof drivers and passengers are consequences of speeding and overtaking in routes where such acts are forbidden. The faster a car moves، the more severe is the accident، while the more aged is the drivers، the less possible is the occurrence of accidents. The researcher comes to the conclusion that these highways in Isfahan، namely Shahid Khararzi، khayam، Zobahan and Shahid Agharebparast have the highest occurrence of accident while other highways، Isfahan Eastern Highway، Shahid Hemat and Shahid Sayyad Shirazi have the least incidents of crashes.

Today the rapid growth and development of cities has caused remarkable evolutions in the quality of its application، which in turn have proposed new problems and needs in the field of urban planning. Kermanshah as one of the large metropolises is not excluded from this condition considering the unplanning development in recent years and excessive concentration and congestion of different usages specially in health and care services have encountered with some problems including transportation systems and lack of parking lot; and regarding mutual connection between special construction and available transportation systems as connective means of usages in city as determiners of traffic behaviour and urban traffic extent should be paid into attention. This studyis done with the purpose of identifying the consequences of the improper distribution of usages (medical services) on urban traffic and its quality in the downtown of Kermanshah. The kind of research is developing – applicative and its study method is analytic descriptive and survey. The procedure of data collection has been documentary and questionnaire. This study concludes that localization of health and care usages in Kermanshah city have not been based on the regulations and principles of urbanization and planning - and have not such proper distribution that high concentration of these usages in an area of downtown causes interruption of their performance in this region and improper accessibility of the most large domain of other urban regions to these usages. This concentration have had the most effective impact on leading daily trips to this part of city. Therefore، most of the traffic problems of central part of the city stems from this displacement.

The recent study was performed for the aim of studying and detecting management guidelines for the solution of traffic problems in Tonekabon city among the northern cities of Mazandaran province. The categorized sampling procedure is being used for selecting samples. The results of the study represent that the share of personal vehicle is %95 and public vehicles is only %5 of available cars in Tonekabon city. The findings also show all social, economic, cultural, environ mental and administrative problems of citizen and studied geographical location as effective factors in traffic crisis play important roles. The findings represent sever inclination of people to personal vehicles.