نشریه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی
پیاپی 13 (تابستان 1392)

Preanthesis stored dry matter in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important under a Mediterranean climate because grain filling greatly depends on remobilization of preanthesis assimilates. The experiment was carried out at Marvdasht region during 2010-2011 using Complete Randomized Block، Split-split Plot Design with three replications. Main plots consisted of Irrigation treatments which، were I1 (Nonstressed) and I2 (Post anthesis water stressed plots with 50% FC). Sub plots consisted of fertilizer treatment، which were nitrogen at rates of 50 (Low N) and 200 (High N) kg ha-1. Sub-sub plots، wheat and barley cultivars، were Shiraz، Marvdasht، and Nosrat and Rihaneh. Results showed that application of 200 kg N ha-1 had positive effect on all traits and produced more grain yield. Between wheat and barley Marvdasht cultivar produced the highest grain yield. Drought stress increase dry matter remobilization ant its efficiency. Dry matter remobilization and its efficiency were higher in wheat cultivars than barley cultivars. Increasing in nitrogen application increased dry matter remobilization and decreased its efficiency. Interaction effects of nitrogen and irrigation was significant at most traits. In general، it seems that in order to obtain high grain yield nitrogen should be adjusted with amount of irrigation water.

Planting pattern for sugar beet can be adjusted by changing in row spacing and row width, and also by one row or two - rows planting and by changing in plant interval on rows. To obtain the optimum planting pattern of a monogerm hybrid (Gadook) and its effect on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet, an experiment was conducted in two years (2001-2002) in Eghlid area of Fars province. The measured characters were root yield, sucrose content, and percentage of the extractable white sugar, juice purity and impurities (ά- amino N, sodium and potassium). The experiment consisted of five treatments and replicated four times in a randomized complete blocks design. The treatments were as: 1- Row spacing of 60 cm, cultivated in one row. 2- Row spacing of 50 cm, cultivated in one row. 3- Row spacing of 60 cm, row width was 40 cm and cultivated in two rows. 4- Row spacing of 50 cm and row width of 50 cm and cultivated in two rows. 5- Row spacing of 40 cm, row width of 60 cm and cultivated in two rows. Each plot consisted of four lines with 10 meters length which were planted by planter. During the growth period number of plants and number of missing plants were recorded. The results of the effect of treatment on two years experiment showed that the root yield and white sugar yield were significant at 1% and 5% probability level, respectively. The maximum root yield and white sugar yield were obtained in the second treatment (row spacing of 50 cm and cultivated on one row) with the amount of 49.19 and 8.53 T/ha, respectively. The effect of cultivation pattern on the characters such as Sugar content, impurities (ά- amino N, sodium and potassium), alkality, percentage of the extractable white sugar, juice purity and molasses were not significant. The row spacing of 50 cm, cultivated in one row and row spacing of 50 cm row width of 50 cm and cultivated in two rows the best planting pattern because these two pattern have the maximum root yield, sugar content, white sugar yield and purity.

In order to study adaptability of tomato cultivars with short growing period and determination of suitable planting date in northern cold region of Fars province, an experiment in Eghlid Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station was done. The experiment was carried out in split plots as a randomized complete block design with 15 treatments and 3 replications. The main plots were date of planting: 10 May, 22 May and 31 May and Subplots included: Sun6108, Nena Rio grand, Tomato Rio grand, Early Urbana VF and Falat cultivars. At the end of year, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, fruit acidity, fruit length, fruit width, number of seed per fruit, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, plant yield and yield in one square meter were measured. The results showed that the plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, fruit length, fruit width, number of seed per fruit, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, plant yield and yield in one square meter are the highest in date of planting 10 May. Also Nena Rio gerand cultivar had the highest plant height, fruit acidity, number of fruits per plant, plant yield and yield in one square meter. So the planting date 10 May and Nena Rio Gerand cultivar in northern cold region of Fars province was recommended.

This study was conducted for evaluating the effects of nitroxin biologic fertilizer on yield of safflower in the presence of chelate EDTA. The factorial experiment was performed in Islamic Azad University's research farm in randomized complete design whit three eplications. The examination factors included: the consumption of biological nitroxin in 3 levels (0, the consumption of 1 L/ha as seed treatment and the consumption of 4L/ha as leaf spraying) and 2: the consumption of chelate EDTA in 3 levels (0, 20, 40 g/m2). The result showed an increase in the grain yield, plant dry weight, plant height, concentration and content of nitrogen compared to the control. Nitroxin did not showed to have a significant effect on the number of branches in plant and the number of bolls in plant. Chelate EDTA also showed a significant effect on the grain yield, the plant dry weight and the number of bolls in plant but no significant effect on other studied characteristics. The best performance was achieved in the treatment of The second level of Nitroxin and the third level of EDTA.

In order to study the effects of weed control and biophosfate fertilizer barvar-2 (contain phosphate solubilizing bacteria) on agronomic characteristics and the yield of corn (Zea mays L.) S.C. 704, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications in Koohdasht, Lorestan in the spring of 2012. The first factor was three weed control methods, including 1- Chemical control with Foramsolfuron 450 g ai/ha-1 (2 lit/ha-1), 2- two times weeding, 3- weedy check (without any control) and the second factor was three type of fertilizers, including 1- biophosfate fertilizer (barvar-2 phosphate), 2– common fertilizer (NPK based on soil test), and 3- A combination of both types of fertilizers. In this study LAI, plant height, stem diameter, biological and grain yield of corn were measured. The results showed that with exception for stem diameter, effect of different levels of weed control and fertilizers was significant on growth characteristics and grain yield. The highest and lowest corn grain yield obtained in double weeding+biofertilizer application (18317 kg/h-1) and weedy check + common fertilizers treatments (7611 kg/h-1), respectively. The result also showed that grain and biological yield of corn, were decreased amount 55 and 29 percent by weed infected compare to weed control. The use of bio-phosphate fertilizer increased corn grain yield by 19% when compared with common fertilizer.

Lamiaceae family has about 200 genus and 4000 species which one of them is Thymus. Majority of this family have essence which utilize in medical, toiletry, hygienic and nutrient. Thymus genuses have many species which propagating in many provinces. The aim of this study was recognition and assessing of component in shoot structure of Thymus lancifolious and investigation of antibacterial of the essential oil on the species. Samples were collected in flowering stage in Gret of Lorestan province, Iran, in 2011. The samples were shadow dried and extracted its components by Clevenger device as Hydrodistilation method. Then anatomical properties were studied by painting and using bismarc brown and methyl green stains. After producing essences, kind of components and percent of essential chemical components recognized and separated completely by using GC and GC/MS devices. Plate sink was used to investigate of antibacterial effects of the plant extract on some g+ and g-pathogen bacteria such as Staphylocococus Aureus, Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and β.streoptocococs. Results showed that the species has the same anatomical properties with other spices such as T. eriocalyx and T. kotschyanus in Lorestan. According to Retention volume, Retention time, Kovats retention index and comparison this parameters with standards components, results showed that the essential oil of this species has 45 components (95.85% of all components). The main constituents include Cymol (3.26%), Carvacrol (52.34%), Gamma-terpinene (10.86) and Thymol (16.43%) is. The results of this research with other researches in terms existing main compounds of the essential oil were the same but have different, That this difference might be caused by environmental factors or methods of harvesting that harvest time on essential oil biosynthesis, location, stage of plant growth, climate change and the regional factors, including them. Also The results showed that the antimicrobial effect the extracts have antibacterial effects of species in.

Information of preference value of range plant is necessary in estimation of available forage yield in each site. In this study two methods of determination of the preference value, direct time observation (DTO) and bite count used and compared (BC) in the semi-steppe rangeland in Cheshme-Anjir of Fars, 25 km North West of Shiraz in 2009. In both methods 3 goats were selected for grazing at 9 and 11 morning and 4 afternoons in four grazing periods. Time of consumption and number of bites for species plants were recorded, respectively. Data analyzed by factorial experiment in CRD using SAS and SPSS softwares. Comparisons between two methods carried out by ANOVA, Pearson correlation and Spearman's rho correlation. The results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.01) in both techniques between preference value of species plant for goat. This study indicated that there was a similarity and correlation between DTO with BC methods (r=0.94).

Persian cyclamen is a perennial geophytes plant which has a special position between ornamentals due to its charm, diversity and flowering during winter. As this flower’s quality and quantity is affected extensively by its nutrition and environmental factors, and regarding the importance and special role of poly amines in plant nutrition, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the external application of spermidine on the quality and quantity of this Iranian native flower. Therefore an experiment was conducted in two parts. In the first part, cyclamen plants were sprayed with spermidine (0, 5, 10 and 20 mM) in a completely randomized design and morphological and physiological characteristics were studied. This was while the second part was factorially arranged in a completely randomized design and cyclamen plants were treated with spermidine (0, 5, 10 and 20 mM) at five different flower development stages for studing biochemical characteristics. Studied morphological characteristics were: bud stage days, blooming days, total flowering days, total flowers, leaf area and number. Studied physiological characteristics were: fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content and membrane stability index of petals. This was while for biochemical characteristics superoxide dismutase, catalase beside protein, spermidine and spermine content were studied. Morphological results indicate the beneficial effect of external spermidine application on flowering and vegetative growth of Persian cyclamen. Effective level of spermidine application on flowering characteristics was 10 mM while for vegetative growth it was 20 mM. Besides that, spermidine application increased fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content and membrane stability index of petals. Free radical scavengers such as SOD and CAT beside protein content increased during flowering stages 1 to 5. Spermine content showed a similar increasing trend by spermidine application, while spermidine content increased during flowering phase 1-3 and decreased afterwards.