فهرست مطالب سید محمدرضا عالمی

Unlike Western thinkers and their Muslim followers, who believe in a unique world civilization, Muhammad Amara speaks of the multiplicity of civilizations and he believes that the multiplicity of civilizations is a divine tradition in which there is no change and for this purpose, he mentions verses from the Holy Quran as evidence. Of course, this multiplicity, in his view, does not mean the contradiction or imitation and obedience of one civilization to another one; Rather, all civilizations share important issues, and distinctions show themselves in the specific characteristics of each civilization. Emara goes on to discuss a number of commonalities and differences to prove his claim to the multiplicity of civilizations.

Intellectuals like Marashi Najafi, Umar Rida Kahhalah, Abd al-Razzaq Kamuneh, Strstein and Aeenehvand tried to make a list of genealogical books written by Islamic genealogists using rejal books, al-Fehrest and al-Ansab. This effort was made since these books were suffering from lack of comprehensiveness and maneiyyah (exclude others), repetition and overlap.The main reason of such deficiencies is that the authors of genealogical books did not make reference to all of the existing sources which could be useful in making a comprehensive list. Through a complete research using primary sources and making comparisons between recent lists which are the background of the research, this paper will prepare a list of genealogical books in a diagram, so that we can deal with a part of remarkable Muslim books. By scanning this list, we can find out the topics which genealogists were interested in and also the connection between genealogy and other sciences like historiography, rejal, hadith (traditions) and also development of genealogy in the first seven centuries of Islam. As a statistical and bibliographical analysis, the above-mentioned list can be used as a basic study in genealogy. It is also useful for future researches in this field.

The Shiites role in the general genealogy in which they have engaged to all Arabs genealogies, all of the northern (Adnanids) and southern (Qahtanids), Koreyshite, Talibids, Abbasids and Omayyad, is basic. They were pioneers of this science and started to write genealogies through sources like early genealogists, interview with scholars and elders of the tribes, predecessors’ books, inscriptions and epitaph. Their books, especially Bin Kalbi’s books have been useful for both Shiite and Sunni genealogists. Al-Hamadani’s book, Al-Eklil, however was been ignorant, has especial innovation in usage of early sources like inscriptions and epitaph in the genealogy field. This survey, beside analysis of Shiite important and basic works in the general genealogy, attempts to explain the prominent and efficient points of these works in this field.

The Bost city in the east of Sisitan, conquered at the early years of Uthman’s caliphate, was a scene of struggles between caliphate and the local non-Muslim governments. Consequently, the Kharijites, rioters, and the groups opposing to the Umavid caliphate came to power. To explore the challenges facing the Umavid caliphate in that region necessitates – besides investigating the sources and analyzing various trends influential in this territory of the Islamic world – considering conditions such as its location in a geographically distant area, being a frontier region, and being a place where various political and religious groups and races lived;

Bost a city in the east of Sistan and near Hirmand River, is situated on the same latitude as the Zarang city, the center of Sistan, and as far as its resourses are concerned, it has been considered as part of Kabul, Khorasan and Sistan. This city, whose history goes back to 500 B.C., had been the center of commercial transactions between India and Islamic countries. Bost was first set on fire by Ghurids and then was cannonaded by Safavids. Today, the new city of Bost, named Lashkargah, is the center of Helmand province and one of the major agricultural centres of Afghanistan.