فهرست مطالب علی مرشدی زاده

Justice is one of the most important moral values and it is the condition for the emergence of many other moral values in the social, economic and political fields. One of the components that shows injustice in a society is economic discrimination. Economic discrimination creates economic tensions, and at this time, multiple socio-cultural identities can lead to the creation or worsening of unrest caused by economic tensions. How to manage unrest and the degree of correlation of multiple identities in tensions and unrest is the main issue of this research. In this article, looking at the moral principle of universal justice at the level of society, the plurality of identities of the forces involved in the economic tensions caused by injustice and discrimination in Iran in 1992-1998 are discussed and then its effect on the management of unrest is examined.

The results of the research showed that the riots and tensions that have identity characteristics arising from the elements of "economic discrimination" and "universal justice" first of all, in the conditions of riots, create unity in the different and plural identities of students and workers. And this is due to the discursive elements of failure for civil progress and modernization, and secondly, the tensions and unrest that were not managed solely through repression and security, the tensions, contrary to their strains, have caused a functional survival in the defense of national and historical identity.

This article compares the contexts of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and the revolution of Egypt based on the theoretical model of John Foran. It is attempted to answer this question that what the similarities and differences between the revolutions of Iran and Egypt are, that the Iranian revolution has won and continued, But the Egyptian revolution did not continue after victory.
The theoretical framework of this article is the John Foran's combined model of the third world social revolutions. According to this model, several structural factors affect the occurrence of social revolutions, which include: 1) dependent development; 2) repressive, monopolistic and personal government; 3) formation and crystallization of political culture of resistance and revolutionary crisis; (4) the economic recession; and (5) the open relationship with the global system.
The method used in this research is qualitative method and of a documentary analysis kind, as well as a historical comparison. The results indicate that according to the third world social revolution model, all the factors suggested in this model were involved in the occurrence of two Iranian-Egyptian revolutions.

This paper attempts to identify the interests of different contenders in the Iranian constitutional revolution. The innovation of the research is that no research has ever been done on the revolutionary mobilizing groups in the constitutional revolution within the framework of a specific theory. The general approach of this paper was historical and its theoretical framework was Tilly’s Mobilization Model. The method of this research was deductive and at the same time based on historical document analysis، which included books and articles. In other words، the motivations of the constitutional revolutionary groups and organizations were identified and analyzed through the application of the concept of interest and the analysis of historical documents. The timeframe of this research begins from the bastinado of sugar merchants to the issuance of the decree for the constitution.