مقالات رزومه منوچهر قلخانی

Postural control is one of the most important abilities to maintain body stability and upright posture in the elderly. This study aims to investigate the effect of different patterns of eye movement training on postural oscillations in older women.

This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design using a control group. Participants were 72 older women in Mashhad, Iran (Mean±SD age= 68.7±2.4 years, weight= 67.7±4.4 kg, height=163.1±3.2 cm) who were selected purposefully and randomly divided into four groups including three experimental groups (saccade, anti-saccadic, and pursuit training) and one control group. All groups were evaluated under four different conditions of visual stimulus presentation. The training groups performed the training for 4 weeks. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the collected data. All analyses were carried out in SPSS software, version 25.

The results of ANOVA showed that the main effect of time for postural oscillations in the anterior-posterior and mediolateral directions was significant with the effect sizes of 0.57 and 0.492, respectively (P<0.05). This indicates that, regardless of the effect of group, postural oscillations in the experimental groups showed a significant difference over time. The interaction effect of time and group at the anterior-posterior and mediolateral directions was significant with the effect sizes of 0.168 and 0.28, respectively (P=0.010), where there was a significant decrease in the postural oscillations over time in the groups. The saccade training group showed the greatest decrease in the number of postural oscillations at the anterior-posterior and mediolateral directions (P<0.05).

Eye movement training with different patterns in older adults can reduced postural oscillations in the mediolateral and anterior-posterior directions. Saccade training cause less postural oscillation than anti-saccade and pursuit training in both directions. It is recommended that these training methods be included in the training program of the elderly to reduce their postural oscillation.

Cognitive teaching methods facilitate the acquisition of motor skills; among these methods, the combination of physical, observational and imagery exercises has been the focus of recent investigations. The aim of this study was to investigate the facilitative effect of the combination of physical, observational and imagery exercises on immediate and delay retention of badminton high serve. The statistical population consisted of all male Razi University students. 84 students (mean age of 20.42+1.4 yr and score of imagery ability of 48.69+6.19) voluntarily participated in this study. Pretest included immediate and delay retention of badminton high serve using Scott and Fox test. Then, participants were assigned to homogenous groups according to their pretest (each group 12 participants): physical, observation, imagery, physical-observation, physical-imagery, observation-imagery, and physical-observation-imagery. Participants accomplished three sessions of 90 trials of badminton high serve. At the end of the final training session, an immediate test of retention was administered followed by a test of delay retention after 48 hours. One-way ANOVA test indicated that in both immediate and delay retention, the physical-observation-imagery group and the physical group significantly performed high serve better than other groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, the physical-imagery group obtained better results in comparison with the physical-observation group but these results were not statistically significant (p<0.05). Ultimate findings indicated that all groups improved significantly in the immediate and delay retention compared with their pretest. These findings imply the facilitative effect of combining cognitive teaching methods with physical exercises.