a. r. moradi

This paper presents a numerical method to evaluate the system conditions in transient mode for a standing wave thermo-acoustic engine (STAE). This method focuses on increasing the accuracy of predictions and creating a better eyesight of the operating conditions of these devices. Combining the numerical solution of transient mode with the electrical circuit analogy of standing wave TAE, is the main idea of this work. Electrical circuit analogy of STAE is done by assuming each component of a STAE as a lumped element. The result of Combining the time-dependent numerical solution and the electrical circuit analogy is a code, which determines the condition of startup, steady periodic, and damping regime of the spontaneous oscillations in the STAE. Accordingly, a nonlinear temperature distribution is obtained along the hot core. The developed numerical approach is in line with the experimental results of a STAE. Based on this method, the temperature variations along the stack and the impact of stack material on startup time and onset temperature are numerically investigated. Additionally, the onset temperature profiles are calculated and presented comparatively for the numerical and experimental results. The startup time of spontaneous oscillations is calculated for the standing wave system. Consequently, the best geometry that quickly reaches the sustained oscillations can be selected using this model. Examining the temperature profile during the startup and damping process highlights a temperature difference between these two processes. Observations show that using a material with lower thermal conductivity in the stack section can reduce the onset-damping temperature difference. Also, with the help of this method the startup moment of spontaneous oscillations was calculated as second in the system. The data obtained from the experimental tests and the temperature profiles resulting from the numerical solution method, showed a good agreement with each other for the onset and damping process in the system. The novel approach described here shows potential in capturing the onset-damping behavior of thermoacoustic systems efficiently.

The aim of this study was to investigate the transdiagnosistic processes of reinforcement sensitivity and attachment styles in patients with addiction and binge eating disorder.  The present study was describes causal comparison, the statistical population included all people with binge eating disorder who referred to counseling centers as well as all individuals with addiction of counseling centers and Narcotics Anonymous in Arak city in the second half of 1395. Among them three groups of 32 individuals, including patients with bulimia, drug addiction and normal were selected through purposive sampling method and with respect to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Adult attachment scale, short form of the Persian version cognitive emotion regulation scale, overeating scales beside Jacsons's five-factor Inventory were applied to collect data. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics including ANOVA and Tukey. The results of data analysis indicated that groups with overeating and addiction in activation and freezing system, blame maladaptive strategies and rumination, adapted strategies of acceptance and reevaluation of secure and insecure attachment styles are not significantly different from each other. Behavioral activation system, cognitive emotion regulation strategies of self blame, rumination, acceptance and reevaluation also secure and insecure attachment styles are transdiagnosis processes in addiction and binge eating disorders which have critical roles in the creation and persistence of the disorder.

The current study was an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive emotion-regulation strategies in the improvement of executive functions in addicts recovered in drug information centers (DICs).
An experimental research design along with pretest-posttest/follow-up and control group was used for the conduct of this study. The sample size of the study consisted of 24 male addicts recovered in Drug Information Centers in Karaj city who were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group received Gross Emotion Regulation Strategies for ten sessions, while the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the project. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was used for data collection and multivariate analysis of covariance analysis was used for data analysis.
The results of this study showed that the training of cognitive emotion-regulation strategies led to the promotion of executive functions in the experimental group.
Training of cognitive emotion-regulation strategies has useful implications for the treatment and prevention of addiction relapse.

Considering the importance of identifying the factors effective in substance use for the design of some interventions on addiction prevention and treatment, the present study aimed at examining the mediating role of emotional dysregulation in the relationship between impulsivity personality trait and consumption & multiple consumption of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco.
The number of 352 subjects was selected through convinince sampling method from among the 18-to-60-year-old population of Tehran city and were assessed by means of UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and researcher-constructed questionnaires on substance use. The data were analyzed through correlation tests and structural equation modeling (SEM) in SPSS and Mplus software.
The results of this study showed that impulsivity dimensions and emotional dysregulation had a significant correlation with consumption & multiple consumption of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco. The proposed model had a good fitness index with the data; however, the effect of emotional dysregulation on substance use was not statistically significant. Sensation seeking (β=0.42, P Although both impulsivity dimensions and emotional dysregulation had a significant correlation with consumption & multiple consumption of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco, when they were used in one model, the impulsivity dimensions had a stranger effect on substance use and played a more prominent role in the anticipation of substance use.

Studies indicate that emotions are effective psychological factors in cardiovascular diseases that may contribute to the incidence or exacerbation of the disease. Increase in level of negative emotions is associated with deterioration of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the process of emotion regulation strategies in cardiovascular patients and normal individuals.
In this causal-comparative study, 90 subjects were assigned to three groups of 30 persons including patients with coronary heart diseases, implantable cardioverter defibrillator recipients and normal subjects. Convenience sampling was used for patients who had referred to a private clinic and Lavassani Hospital in Tehran. They completed the process model of emotion regulation questionnaire and the data were fed to SPSS to be analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance.
The results pointed out significant differences between two formerly mentioned patient groups and normal subjects (p Psychological preventive interventions with an emphasis on cognitive emotion regulation strategies in cardiovascular patients could bring about effective results.

Protection systems have vital role in network reliability in short circuit mode and proper operating for relays. Current transformer often in transient and saturation under short circuit mode causes mal-operation of relays which will have undesirable effects. Therefore, proper and quick identification of Current transformer saturation is so important. In this paper, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) which is trained by two different swarm based algorithms; Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have been used to discriminate between Current transformer saturation and fault currents in power transformers. In fact, GSA operates based on gravity law and in opposite of other swarm based algorithms, particles have identity and PSO is based on behaviors of bird flocking. Proposed approach has two general stages. In first step, obtained data from simulation have been processed and applied to an ANN, and then in second step, using training data considered ANN has been trained by GSA & PSO. Finally, a proposed technique has been compared with one of the common training approach which is called Genetic algorithm (GA).

Background and aimsDue to occupational exposures, primary health care workers are more at risk of blood- borne infections such as AIDS, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of occupational injuries and its related factors among the primary health care workers in Bahar city.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, conducted in 2007, 182 primary health care workers of Bahar city participated. Data were collected using a questionnaire and SPSS software, Chi square and Logistic regression tests were applied for data analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of occupational injuries among the participants was 57.7%. The highest exposure rate was associated with injection needles (84.8%) and the most frequent process leading to an injury was recapping (28.6%). The most prevalent occupational injuries were observed among lab experts (91.6%) and nurses (71.4%) (P<0.05). 90.5 percent of the exposed group had only washed the injured place with soap. The risk of occupational injuries increased as the work experience increased (OR=1.07, CI=1.03-1.12). There were no significant relationshipbetween employee's sex and age with occupational injuries.ConclusionsAccording to the results of this study, there is a high prevalence of occupational injuries among primary health care workers of Bahar city. Hence, educating the transmission routs of blood-borne infections, applying standard precautions and increasing protection strategies must be taken into consideration.