ajay kumar

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a debilitating and common side effect of cancer therapy, severely impacting cancer therapy compliance and the quality of life of cancer patients. Low-level laser or light-emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) provides a new, non-invasive therapeutic option. The purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of PBMT in the treatment of CIPN during cancer therapy in patients.

A systematic electronic database search was conducted using randomized controlled trials and clinical studies comparing the impact of PBMT on the symptom of CIPN in the form of modified Total Neuropathy Scores (mTNS), FACT/GOG-NTX scores, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores. Meta-analyses were done using RevMan 5.4.1, producing forest plots, mean differences (MD), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and heterogeneity indices (I²).

The review included six trials with a total of 273 patients. The meta-analysis of mTNS revealed the significant reduction of neuropathy severity in the PBMT group compared to the control group (MD = −2.10; 95% CI: −3.94 to −0.26; I²=99%, p<0.0001). Furthermore, the FACT/GOG-NTX neuropathy subscale at follow-up completion, combined in four trials, illustrated the advantage in favor of PBMT as statistically significant (MD = −1.85; 95% CI: −2.70 to −0.99; I²=0%, p=0.80). In addition, four studies that reported the VAS scores of pain showed that the intensity of pain was reduced significantly by PBMT (MD = −1.36; 95% CI: −2.00 to −0.73; I²=87%, p<0.0001).

PBMT exhibited statistically significant differences in neuropathy severity, neuropathy symptom, and pain intensity in cancer patients with CIPN, with considerable heterogeneity in some of the outcomes. PBMT was therefore a promising adjuvant treatment to CIPN management.

Intrauterine intussusception is a rare cause of intestinal atresia. Intrauterine intussusception was identified as etiological factor in only 0.6% of the cases. The pathophysiology of this correlation remains unclear. Antenatal intussusception leads to a partial intestinal necrosis and intestinal atresia in the concerned digestive segment. Here we report a case of ileal atresia consequent to intrauterine intussusception.
A full-term neonate presented with features of neonatal intestinal obstruction. Antenatal ultrasound was normal. Screening neonatal examination at birth was normal. At presentation, vital signs were normal, abdomen was distended with bilious residue in the nasogastric tube. Abdominal radiography showed dilated small intestine with multiple air-fluid levels. Pre-operative Ultrasound scan showed intussusception with dilated bowel loops. At surgical exploration the neonate had ileal atresia with ileoileal intussusception, just distal to the atretic ileal segment. The neonate was managed successfully by resection and end to back anastomosis.
The authors conclude that intrauterine intussusception is one of the rare causes of intestinal atresia and if an antenatal scan shows any target sign without any bowel dilatation, the baby should be delivered at a tertiary care center having neonatal intensive care facility, as it might lead to ischemia and atresia of the involved bowel.

In conventional opencast mining, blasting plays a significant role in mining activity. Basically, blasting is done in mining activity to create fragmentation. In the process of fragmentation via blasting, a lot of side effects arise. The prominent side effects include flyrock, airblast, and ground vibration. Also, the fragmentation size desired by mine owners differs for different minerals. So, usage of the type of explosive and quantity of explosive should be optimum, as it results in an increased magnitude of side effects such as flyrock, airblast, and ground vibrations. Like how space, burden, stemming material type, and stemming column height do affect all of the aforementioned negative effects. In this article, a case study of Indian mines measures the unfriendly impacts of blasting in opencast mining.

Land use (LU) classification based on remote sensing images is a challenging task that can be effectively addressed using a learning framework. However, accurately classifying pixels according to their land use poses a significant difficulty. Despite advancements in feature extraction techniques, the effectiveness of learning algorithms can vary considerably. In this study conducted in Talcher, Odisha, India, the researchers proposed the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to classify land use based on a dataset collected by the Sentinel-2 satellite. The study focused on the Talcher region, which was divided into five distinct land use classes: coal area, built-up area, barren area, vegetation area, and waterbody area. By applying ANNs to the mining region of Talcher, the researchers aimed to improve the accuracy of land use classification. The results obtained from the study demonstrated an overall accuracy of 79.4%. This research work highlights the importance of utilizing remote sensing images and a learning framework to address the challenges associated with pixel-based land use classification. By employing ANNs and leveraging the dataset from the Sentinel-2 satellite, the study offers valuable insights into effectively classifying different land use categories in the Talcher region of India. The findings contribute to the advancement of techniques for accurate land use analysis, with potential applications in various fields such as urban planning, environmental monitoring, and resource management.

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. Acute lymphoid leukaemia, also known as ALL, is regarded as one of the deadliest forms of cancer. Due to the rapid increase in various cancer cases and the development of resistance in cancer cells, it is necessary to identify novel lead molecules with more potent anticancer properties. There is a growing interest in using herbal products/analogs as multi-component agents (as anticancer agents and immunomodulators) for cancer treatment. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to explore the anticancer and immunomodulatory activity of P19, an analog of parthenin in ALL. P19 was reported to exhibit anticancer efficacy by triggering apoptotic signaling events in human leukaemia HL-60 cells by significant NO production. In contrast to this finding, ROS and NO were not required for P19-mediated apoptosis in Raji cells. The mechanism of action of P19 was observed to be cancer cell lineage dependent. P19 demonstrated very effective anticancer properties against ALL (IC50 3µM). Molecular investigations revealed that P19 induced mitochondrion mediated apoptosis by Bax localization to mitochondria and enhanced cytosolic calcium in the cytoplasm. Further activation of the caspase 3, caspase 8 and PARP cleavage suggested the involvement of the caspase-mediated apoptosis. Anti-proliferative activity revealed the telomerase inhibition and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase after P19 treatment. Immunomodulatory effects of the P19 revealed the enhanced INFɣ and NO production in Jurkat and THP cells. Owing to its antiproliferative and immunomodulatory potential against leukemia cells P19 can further be explored as effective therapeutics against leukemia.

By using Halpern’s type iteration process, an iterative algorithm is proposed to study the split inclusion problem and fixed points of a relatively nonexpansive mapping in Banach spaces. This method uses dynamic stepsize that is generated at each iteration by simple computations, which allows it to be easily implemented without the prior information of the operator norm. Then, the main result is used to study the fixed points of a countable family of relatively nonexpansive mappings and the semigroup of relatively nonexpansive mappings. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the main result.

True idiopathic radial artery aneurysm is a rare entity. There are only a few cases reported in the literature. Asymptomatic radial arterial aneurysm in young patients is even rarer. Here, we present a successfully managed case report of a left radial artery aneurysm in a young female who presented to us with a painless, pulsatile swelling at the wrist.

Land use (LU) is one of the most imperative pieces of cartographic information used for monitoring the mining environment. The extraction of land use data sets from remotely sensed satellite images has garnered significant interest in the mining region community. However, classification of LUs from satellite images remains a tedious task due to the lack of availability of efficient coal mining related datasets. Deep learning methods provide great leverage to extract meaningful information from high-resolution satellite images. Moreover, the performance of a deep learning classification approach significantly depends on the quality of the datasets. The present work attempts to demonstrate the generation of satellite-based datasets for the performance analysis of different deep neural network (DNN)-based learning algorithms in the LU classifications of mining regions. The mining regions are broadly classified into distinct regions based on visual inspection, namely barren land, built-up areas, waterbody, vegetation, and active coal mines. In our experimental work, a patch of 100 spatial samples for each of the five features is generated on three scales, as [1 × 1 × 3], [5 × 5 × 3], and [10 × 10 × 3]. Moreover, the effects of different scalabilities of the dataset on classification performances are also analyzed. Furthermore, this case study is implemented for the large-scale benchmark of satellite image datasets for mining regions. In the future, this work can be used to classify LU in the relevant study regions in real time.

Priming solution used in cardiopulmonary bypass has different impact on body, primarily on the metabolic acidosis and electrolytes. This observational comparative study was done to find the metabolic effects of Ringer lactate and Plasmalyte‑A as priming solutions for various metabolic parameters during adult cardiac surgery.

In the present study, 52 subjects were included who received different priming solutions. Subjects were categorized into two groups. Group P received Plasmalyte‑A as prime and Group R received Ringer lactate. From all these cases, samples were collected at predefined time durations, and results were compared between both groups.

A total of 52 patients were evaluated for the metabolic changes concerning different priming solutions. Group P included the subject who received Plasmalyte-A as pump prime (n = 26), and Ringer lactate was used as pump prime in Group R (n = 26). We compared various parameters such as pH: In Group R, a decrease in pH was statistically significant with P < 0.05 at 40 min of bypass (T40) and P < 0.05 at 6 h of postbypass (T6). Base Excess: The mean value in Group P was − 1.72 ± 2.18 and − 3.16 ± 2.48 and in Group R at 30 min of bypass (T30). A statistically significance was found between the two groups for this parameter (P < 0.05). Lactate and Strong Ions Difference: A statistically significant data were found between the two groups for this parameter throughout the bypass as well as postoperative hours with the P < 0.05.

Plasmalyte-A is more favorable crystalloid solution as a pump prime fluid as it helped to maintain satisfactory metabolic parameters with less metabolic acidosis during adult cardiac surgeries.

The aim of this paper is to establish new fixed point theorems for single-valued and multivalued maps which satisfy α-ψ-contraction conditions in the complete fuzzy metric space. In this paper, we extend the results of Hussain et al. and Samet et al. Some comparative examples are also given which demonstrate the superiority of our results from the exiting results in the literature.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of season and spacing on growth patterns and seed yield performance of muskdana by estimating fixable and non-fixable components of genetic variances for diverse traits of economic significance and identification of highly divergent clusters of genotypes to exploit them in hybridization program. Radical scavenging activity of oil from muskdana seeds was also checked. The field experiment was conducted in two seasons , namely January to June (season I) and July to December (season II) with five spacing levels treatment 1, 2, 3, 4, and CIMAP of Abelmoschus moschatus. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that genotypes CIM-AM 22, CIM-AM 40, and CIM-AM 49 of A. moschatus showed greater potential in terms of yield. A. moschatus oil has also effective and powerful reducing power and exhibits significant radical scavenging activity which is comparable with standard antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, BHA, and BHT.

Despite high prevalence of MDR-TB in India very limited information about MDR-TB and mutation patterns in rpoB, inhA and katG genes among MDR-isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in south coastal Karnataka region is available; thus present study is an attempt to explore the extent of MDR-TB and mutation patterns prevalent among clinical isolates in this region using GenoType MTBDR plus assay. A total of 256 sputum samples from Pulmonary TB patients suspected of MDR-TB were tested by GenoType MTBDR plus as per manufacturer’s guidelines for detection of mutations conferring resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid. The results of GenoType MTBDR plus were recorded and analysed using SPSS version 22. For all analyses, a p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Fifty (19.53%) isolates were found MDR, 32 (12.50%) isolates were found mono-resistant to isoniazid and 15 (5.86%) isolates were found mono-resistant to rifampicin. Eleven isolates (4.3%) were found NTM. Mutation in codon S531L, S315T1 and C15T were most common in rpoB, katG and inhA genes respectively. Unknown mutations were found in 50.77% (33/65), 3.66% (3/82) and 26.83% (22/82) isolates for rpoB, katG and inhA genes respectively. Hetero-resistance in MDR, rifampicin monoresistant and isoniazid monoresistant isolates was found to be 26% (13/50), 20% (3/15) and 34.37% (11/32) respectively. Mutation in codon S531L, S315T1 and C15T were most common mutations associated with MDR-TB. Further high number of isolates showed mutations in unknown regions and hetero-resistance thus more elaborate studies based on sequencing are desirable in this region

Neuromyelitis optica (also known as Devic's disease or Devic's syndrome) is an uncommon disorder in pediatric age group, and is characterized by acute or subacute optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. Here we report an 11- year- old female child with relapsing Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) confirmed by positive NMO- IgG antibody and had clinical recovery with high dose methyl prednisolone therapy.

Lassa fever is a severe, often-fatal and one of the most virulent disease in primates. However, the mechanism of escape of virus from the T-cell mediated immune response of the host cell is not explained in any studies yet. In our studies we had aimed to predict B- and T- cell epitope of Lassa virus protein, for impaling the futuristic approach of developing preventive measures against this disease, further we can also study its presumed viral- host mechanism.

Peptide based subunit vaccine was developed from all four protein against Lassa virus. We adopted sequence, 3D structure and fold level in silico analysis to predict B-cell and T-cell epitopes. The 3-D structure was determined for all protein by homology modeling and the modeled structure validated.

One T-cell epitope from Glycoprotein (WDCIMTSYQ) and one from Nucleoprotein (WPYIASRTS) binds to maximum no of MHC class I and MHC class II alleles. They also specially bind to HLA alleles namely, A*0201, A*2705, DRB*0101 and DRB*0401.

Taken together, the results indicate the Glycoprotein and nucleoprotein are most suitable vaccine candidates against Lassa virus.

Acute renal artery thrombosis is a devastating complication of renal transplantation that can result in graft loss if not detected early. Surgical and technical errors are the major cause of renal artery thrombosis. In this article, for the first time, we are reporting a case of acute renal artery thrombosis that developed early post-transplantation due to distal renal artery stenosis. A 71-year-old woman presented with nausea, vomiting and decreased urine output 7 days after a deceased donor kidney transplant. Doppler ultrasound showed absent renal and venous flow in the transplanted kidney. Transplant renal artery angiogram showed renal artery thrombosis. Catheterization and thrombectomy were done in the occluded renal artery. After thrombectomy, renal angiogram showed distal renal artery stenosis which was dilated by stenting. Post-stenting angiogram showed good blood flow in the entire renal arterial system. However, the patient’s kidney function did not improve within next 24 hours and the patient eventually lost the kidney. Kidney biopsy showed widespread kidney infarction with no evidence of rejection. Our case shows that renal artery thrombosis can develop due to distal renal artery stenosis and if not detected early could result in graft loss.

Maladaptive cognitive schemas can lead to biases during clinical assessment or psychotherapeutic interventions. This study aimed to explore the cognitive schemas among mental health professionals. 100 mental health professionals, of both genders, equally divided between psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and psychiatric nurses, were approached and administered the Young Schema Questionnaire - Short Form after written informed consent. Males had higher maladaptive schemas than female respondents across all schema domains, viz., disconnection/rejection, impaired autonomy, impaired limits, other-directedness, and overvigilance (P ≤ 0.05). Psychiatrists had higher maladaptive schemas than psychologists (P ≤ 0.05). Age was weakly but positively corelated with the schemas of self-sacrifice (P = 0.038) and unrelenting standards (P = 0.002). Mental health professionals also may have maladaptive schemas, which needs to be addressed through schema therapy.

Melanoma of the oral cavity is a rare malignant disease. On account of the presence at relatively obscure areas in the oral cavity, most of oral malignant melanomas are diagnosed at a late stage. Early diagnosis is essential for successful treatment and perhaps is the key factor in improving the prognosis of oral malignant melanoma. However, no large clinical series exist, and in fact, clinical cases are the sole key source of information. We hereby present a series of four cases of primary oral malignant melanoma of South-East Asian ethnic origin, with long-term, regular follow up. The age of the patients ranged between 40 and 70 years, with equal sex predilection, and the gingiva was found to be the most common site of its occurrence. Based on clinical and histological parameters, all the cases were diagnosed as primary malignant melanoma, which were further confirmed by using immunohistochemical markers.

Brainstem hemorrhage was first described by Cheyne in 1812 in a pathological study of patients presenting with lethargy and coma. In 1877 Bode reviewed the findings of 67 patients reported in the literature (1). In the United States, the incidence of closed head injury is estimated to be approximately 200 cases per 100,000 persons per year. The financial burden of head injuries in the United States is estimated to be $75-100 billion annually (4). This cross-sectional study, the brainstem was studied by both gross and histopathological examinations. During a period between between July 1, 2010 and June 31, 2011, a total of 71 head injury cases were autopsied and brainstem hemorrhage was seen in 28 of them. Out of the 28 cases, most of the hemorrhages occurred in the midbrain (68%) and least in medulla oblongata (11%), while four cases had pontomedullary junction tearing and one of them presented presented cervicomedullary junction tearing. Hemorrhages are usually the only evidence of injury to the brain-stem in those dying immediately or within a few hours. Failure to realize this has led to underestimation of the frequency of brain-stem hemorrhage after injury, and, indeed, to the frequency of brain-stem lesions of all kinds.