فهرست مطالب amin yaghootian

Coated pipes are used in corrosive conditions such as water and soil. This paper presents an effective method to study the effect of coating thickness on detection of disbonding of pipe coating. In this regard, finite element modeling of ultrasonic guided Lamb wave propagation is conducted in order to study this defect. In order to simulate guided wave propagation in a pipe, a two-dimensional model can be employed as it is used for plates when the thickness-to-radius ratio of the pipe is less than 0.1. Therefore, two-dimensional finite element modeling of steel pipe coated with epoxy has been conducted in this paper. Second mode of Lamb wave (m2) in the bilayer plate has been generated at a suitable frequency. In order to model the disbonding of pipe coating, a specified condition is applied in the place of disbonding. Reflected signals from the disbonding are received by a sensor. Reflections and many mode conversions at beginning and end of the disbonding are seen resulting in disbonding detection. Coating thickness affects the probability of detection of this defect.

Inspection and specificity of the intactness of multi-layer and small-size parts like copper-clad steel rod is a hard task and requires high accuracy. The intactness of these parts is crucial due to their importance. One of the inspection methods for these parts is using ultrasonic waves. The scattering phenomenon occurs when these waves impact curved shape bodies under a special condition. The ultrasonic scattering waves contain a lot of information from the physical conditions and mechanical properties of the part. However, using these waves requires high accuracy and attention due to their complexity. One result of the ultrasonic scattering waves is the far-field backscattered frequency spectrum, form function. For the first time in this research, the form function of a copper-clad steel rod that is immersed in water is calculated using the finite element method (FEM) available in the commercial ABAQUS software. For validating the proposed model, the simulation results are compared with analytical and experimental results in the normalized frequency range of 4 £ Ka £ 10. A good agreement is observed between the three methods at the resonance frequencies, and in the overall form of obtained form function. Furthermore, the effects of the two most common defects in these rods, i.e., the corrosion and interfacial disbond between the clad and steel rod, is studied. Results show that this method can properly specify the corrosion percentage and location, and also the length and location of the interfacial disbond defect.

A novel method to determine the health of the industrial parts is using the ultrasound scattering waves. Any changes in the structure of the scattering object or in the boundary conditions will cause a change in the scattering field. The frequency spectrum of the scattering time signal has valuable information, which is studied by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS). Since any defect, property changes, or changes in boundary conditions can affect the scattering field. Therefore, the possible defects in the piece are detected using the response of the scattering field. One possible defect in the fiber-reinforced composites is the existence of a crack in the matrix or fibers. In the present study, the effect of crack on the far-field backscattering amplitude spectrum is investigated using the finite element method (FEM). To this end, the effect of the crack’s direction in the cylinder and matrix on the form function is scrutinized. The results show that the Rayleigh frequency modes are more sensitive to the cracks existing in the epoxy matrix than the Whispering-gallery frequency modes. Also, the existence of the crack in the aluminum cylinder has the most effect on the Whispering-gallery frequency modes. Besides, the existence of a horizontal crack in the aluminum cylinder leads to a significant reduction in these frequency modes. The validation of the research is determined by comparing the steel cylinder form function obtained from the finite element method’s information and the analytical and experimental form functions in addition to the comparison of the aluminum cylinder form function and reference form function.

The use of multilayer pipes has increased recently thanks to their superior mechanical and chemical properties as a replacement of homogeneous single-layer pipes. Therefore, applicable inspections and non-destructive tests for multilayer pipes should be investigated. In this study, the governing equations of torsional wave propagation in the multilayer pipe were initially developed, and the relations between the displacement fields and dynamic stresses in the multilayer pipe were calculated. Then, the dispersion curves and group velocity for the multilayer pipe are plotted according to the boundary conditions. The torsional wave propagation in the multilayer pipe was also simulated using the finite element method via ABAQUS software. By comparing the analytical results and the numerical simulations, a complete agreement was observed between the results. Finally, the influence of effective parameters on torsional wave propagation in two- and three-layer pipes was investigated. The obtained results showed how the thickness, lay-up, and mechanical properties of the layers could affect the velocity of torsional wave propagation in the multilayer pipes.

In this research, a method based on the the artificial neural network is used to determine the location and orientation of cracks in pipes. For this purpose, first, the finite element method is used to model wave propagation and crack modeling in different locations and orientations. In this regard, two types of longitudinal and torsional guided waves are used to excite the structure. The obtained signals are processed in order to calculate the appropriate characteristics. To this end, the reflection echoes are also measured and five features are extracted at six levels from discrete wavelet decomposition of raw signals. Selected properties of the signals are processed to limit the size of the neural network model without losing information. To do so, the firefly algorithm method was used and fed to an artificial neural network that predicts the location and orientation of the crack. In this study, conventional multilayer perceptron diffusion networks have been used. According to the obtained results, it is observed that the proposed method shows good accuracy in predicting the location and orientation of the crack. Also, the percentage of neural network errors is less than 7%.

Nowadays, ultrasonic guided waves are widely used in non-destructive inspection of pipelines due to their high accuracy and speed. One of the advantages of using the symmetric modes of guided waves is simplicity in propagation and easier interpretation of the results. This has led to their significant use in the inspection of pipelines. Depending on the type of damage, defects can appear on the surface of pipe in different forms such as cracks, cavities, porosity, etc. In this paper, by using the propagation of the first-order torsional symmetric mode, symmetric defects in the different dimensions and sizes are investigated. The various factors such as the excitation frequency, the thickness of pipe and position of the defects are investigated to determine the effect of each on the reflection. Also, in this study, the reflection coefficients for the defects with different sizes have been calculated and their related diagrams have been drawn to use them for estimating the geometric dimensions of symmetrical defects. Finally, with the study of reflection coefficients, it is observed that the excitation frequency, the thickness of pipe and position of the defects can be considered as factors that affecting the reflected wave reflection.

The phenomenon of erossion is known as one of the most important causes of damage to pipelines, which reduces the thickness in different areas. Reduction in thickness causes more stress to be concentrated in the pipelines and failure occurs more easily. Ultrasonic tests are one of the methods used to inspect pipelines. Among the various techniques of this type of test, the Lamb guided waves have a special place due to the low depreciation in the propagation path; But the complex behavior of these waves in structures of variable thickness makes it difficult to interpret the data obtained from a test. It is so difficult to study the behavior of Lamb waves in pipes with variation in thickness. Therefore, in this paper, two-dimensional modeling of the finite elements of the behavior of these waves and the study of transmission and reflection coefficients in the presence of thickness variations have been investigated. The results of the study of the effect of changing the erossion depth on the transmiting and reflecting signals indicate that using the Lamb waves test, changes in the thickness of a piece can be well monitored. Also, the study of changes in the frequency of the signal sent to the plate shows that in some frequency ranges, the S0 mode created to deal with the defect has very little sensitivity to changes in thickness. Therefore, choosing the appropriate frequency in inspections performed by Lamb waves is an important step in determining the condition of the structure.

In this study, the small scale effect on the linear free-field vibration of a nano-circular plate has been investigated using nonlocal elasticity theory. The formulation is based on the classical theory and the linear strain in cylindrical coordinates. To take into account the small scale and the linear geometric effects, the governing differential equation based on the nonlocal elasticity theory was extracted from Hamilton principle while the inertial effect, as well as the shear stresses effect was ignored. Effect of nonlocal parameter is investigated by solving the governing equation using Adomian decomposition method (ADM) for the clamped and simply supported boundary conditions. By using this method, the first five axisymmetric natural frequencies and displacements of nano-circular plate are obtained one at a time and some numerical results are given to illustrate the influence of nonlocal parameters on the natural frequencies and displacements of the nano-circular plate. For the purpose of comparison, the linear equations were solved by the analytical method. Excellent agreements were observed between the two methods. This indicates that the latter method can be applied to seek the linear solution of nano-circular plates with high accuracy while simplifying the problem.

In the present study, to extend the Stokes' second problem, the bottom edge of viscous incompressible semi-space resting fluid is excited in two dimension, simultaneously. This two-dimensional excitation which is the effect of velocity of two-dimensional travelling wave, is boundary condition for the two-dimensional linear Navier-Stokes equations. The time-space exact solution for fluid velocity and pressure show that the amplitude of oscillating velocity has fast damping in space till 1.87 micron from excited surface. After this height, the amplitude of oscillating quantities has a slowly damping. In the first region (in fast damping region), phase difference between pressure and velocity is changing, but after that there is a region with constant phase difference. The space variation in velocity components of surface wave, together with the coupling of velocity components in main equations, produces pressure wave. It has been found that kinematic effect of vertical and horizontal harmonic motion cause damped rotational motion in fluid.

In this paper, the mechanical vibration analysis of functionally graded (FG) nanoplate embedded in visco Pasternak foundation incorporating magnet and thermal effects is investigated. It is supposed that a uniform radial magnetic field acts on the top surface of the plate and the magnetic permeability coefficient of the plate along its thickness are assumed to vary according to the volume distribution function. The effect of in-plane pre-load, viscoelastic foundation, magnetic field and temperature change is studied on the vibration frequencies of functionally graded annular and circular nanoplate. Two different size dependent theories also are employed to obtain the vibration frequencies of the FG circular and annular nanoplate. It is assumed that a power-law model is adopted to describe the variation of functionally graded (FG) material properties. The FG circular and annular nanoplate is coupled by an enclosing viscoelastic medium which is simulated as a visco Pasternak foundation. The governing equation is derived for FG circular and annular nanoplate using the modified strain gradient theory (MSGT) and the modified couple stress theory (MCST). The differential quadrature method (DQM) and the Galerkin method (GM) are utilized to solve the governing equation to obtain the frequency vibration of FG circular and annular nanoplate. Subsequently, the results are compared with valid results reported in the literature. The effects of the size dependent, the in-plane pre-load, the temperature change, the magnetic field, the power index parameter, the elastic medium and the boundary conditions on the natural frequencies are scrutinized. According to the results, the application of radial magnetic field to the top surface of plate gives rise to change the state of stresses in both tangential and radial direction as well as the natural frequency. Also, The temperature changes play significant role in the mechanical analysis of FG annular and circular nanoplate. This study can be useful to product the sensors and devices at the nanoscale with considering the thermally and magnetically vibration properties of the nanoplate.

In this study, an improved third order shear deformation theory is used to analyze the thermoelastic buckling of a functionally graded rectangular plate. The plate is assumed to be under two types of thermal loading, namely, uniform temperature rise across the thickness and linear temperature change across the thickness of the plate. Moreover, the material properties of the functionally graded plate vary linearly through the thickness and simply supported are considered for all edges of the plate. First, the nonlinear strain-displacement relations are considered based on improved third order theory and then the equilibrium and stability equations are derived. In continue, displacements and the pre-buckling forces are calculated using the equilibrium equations. The temperature difference relation of buckling is obtained by solving the stability equations. To obtain the critical temperature difference, the recent relation is minimized with respect to the number of half wave parameters. Resulting equations are compared with the literature. The results show that, the values of temperature difference buckling obtained based on improved third order shear deformation theory, are lower compared with the classical plate theory, first and third order shear deformation theories. Moreover, the value of critical temperature difference under linear temperature change is bigger compared with the uniform temperature rise across the thickness, and the difference between the two values will be bigger with increasing the thickness of the plate.

The equations of Lamb wave propagation in an infinite isotropic micro plate with finite thickness on the basis of consistent coupled stress theory is presented in this study. By employing the characteristic length scale parameter, the effect of micro-plate size is considered, and thereby the effects of different plate dimensions on the dispersion of Lamb waves is illustrated. Lamb wave propagation velocity in aluminum nitride micro-plates has received many interests due to its applications in surface acoustic resonators. In the current work, at first, the dimensionless relations are developed through the definition of dimensionless parameters where the extracted curves can be applied to all thicknesses, propagation wavelengths and characteristic length scale parameters of a micro-plate. In addition, using the quasi-static approximation, the Lamb wave dispersion curves in both symmetric and asymmetric modes for an aluminum nitride micro plate are plotted and compared with the results from the classical theory. The integrity of the present formulation is verified by comparing the obtained results with the experimental data in the literature. Finally, by employing the dispersion curves and the reported experimental data, a novel method has been proposed to determine the size of characteristic length parameter in the consistent coupled stress theory.

Time-of-flight diffraction method (ToFD) is an amplitude-independent sizing method which is based on the measurement of time-of-flight of defect tip diffracted waves. Although ToFD can measure through-wall length of defect accurately, this method is not capable of measuring horizontal defect size. In this paper, a new ToFD method for evaluating horizontal planar defects is presented. The finite element method (FEM), using the ABAQUS software package, is employed to simulate the ultrasonic wave behavior in the test blocks and its interaction with the embedded planar defects. The phased array technology is also used to model the ultrasonic inspection system parameters. FEM simulation of the new ToFD method for different crack sizes shows that, compared to the conventional ToFD method, the accuracy of results is within acceptable range to use the novel technique for measuring the horizontal planar defects.