dr. abbasali arvin (spanani)

Proper planning leads to the optimal utilization of the talents of talented areas in order to economic growth and prosperity is generally deprived and also increases social vitality. In such a situation, sports tourism planning should be the most appropriate place to build sports centers. In this research, using the AHP method, the most susceptible areas for the development of winter sports in Sepidan city have been identified. For this purpose, important factors affecting this phenomenon include; Rainfall, air temperature, altitude, slope and direction of slope, communication routes, density of communication routes, distance from residential areas and land use were used. The results of weighting the criteria affecting the development of winter sports in the city showed that rainfall is of primary importance. Spatial analysis of the weight of variables affecting the development of winter sports has shown that almost all the weights obtained from the 9 variables affecting the development of tourism in the northern and northwestern regions of the country have more weight. Combining 9 layers of information with hierarchical analysis in the ArcGIS software environment and calculating the final weight leading to the extraction of 5 different classes in terms of areas prone to the development of winter ecotourism. Accordingly, about 33.82 square kilometers (1.19 percent) of the city is very suitable for the development of winter tourism and 64.85 square kilometers (2.27 percent) is suitable. In total, 98.67 square kilometers or 3.46 percent of the city's area is very suitable for tourism development.

Investigating the micro-climatic conditions of the city based on data from professional meteorological stations reveals more tangible realities from the urban heat island. In this study, urban heat island was analyzed based on hourly and daily temperature data of automated air-polluting stations under the supervision of Isfahan Municipality's Air Monitoring and Control Center. The validity and accuracy of the data of these stations were confirmed by the correlation and graphical test with the data of the Meteorological Organization's ozone meter station at 99% confidence level. Then the thermal island of the city was obtained based on the temperature difference between the urban and suburban surfaces. The results showed that the annual mean of the thermal island was UHIA = -1.27, indicating no thermal island formation at the annual scale. The minimum heat island in summer is UHIS = -1.55 and the maximum in winter is UHIW = 0.96. Thus, only in winter the average temperature in the city is higher than in the suburbs. Investigation of circadian temperature regime at urban and non-urban levels showed that city temperature at night is higher than the peripheral environment due to higher concentration of urban pollutants due to lower night temperature and temperature inversions especially in cold season. However, due to the reflection of more urban surfaces, the surface temperature of the city is lower than the surrounding environment. Thus, the urban island occurs seasonally in the cold season and in terms of day and night changes. Locally, the isotherm of the urban thermal island is denser and more prominent, mainly in the east and northeast of Isfahan, and the center of the thermal island is concentrated in the northeast of Isfahan.

Renewable energy and especially solar energy in Kish Island, have special important in order to maintain biological life and prevent air and water pollution The use of solar energy in Kish Island as a touristy region have effective role in biological environment and increasing of its attractive. Hence the aim of this paper is determine of solar energy potential in order to use pure energy in this Island. Be-cease of absent of radiometer in Kish Island, we use the daily data of radiometer and climatic parameter as radiation coefficient and coldness in Bandarabbas station for determine the estimation model. Then by use of this model and climatic parameter in Kish Island, we estimate radiation in this Island. The result show that the model based on brightness coefficient and sky coldness has a correct estimation of received radiation in horizontal surface in kish Island. In addition, various methods for determining the optimum angle of the solar panels were studied and finally Skeiker model was used to determine the optimum angle of solar panels. Duffy and Beckman model to compare the amount of radiation received at the surface of solar panels and radiation angles in the horizontal plane was used. The average radiation Kish Island is 508.7 calories per square centimeter per day, including areas with high potential for the utilization of solar energy in photovoltaic systems as well as solar water heating and cooling. The results showed that the average monthly proper slope solar panels for June least 4 degrees and 50 degrees for January and December along the horizon. By applying the proper angle of the panels, the amount of radiation increased respectively 48 and 55 percent in January and December.

The ozone layer as a protective shield life on biosphere has very oscillations from view point of quantity and volume. The ozone gases in both troposphere and stratosphere layers have been affecting on human life by two ways. The ozone in stratospheric that its name is surface ozone is an extremely poisonous gases and has destructive affect on lung and plant tissue. The surface ozone has been measured in measurement pollutant stations as one of seven pollutant gases. The ozone gas in stratospheric layer unlike the surface ozone is very necessary for human and other organism lives. The stratospheric ozone is measured in meteorological stations by name of total ozone (TO). Studies show that amount of ozone in stratospheric layer has been reduced. Variations in ozone layer were effected of changing in solar radiation, volcano eruption cosmic dust, meteoric stones and etc. that those get name as natural parameter of ozone changes. Effect of natural parameter concentration on stratospheric ozone lead to fix ozone content in long term (spanani 2004). The amount of ozone in stratospheric layer particularly in the lower stratospheric has considerable oscillations (increase/decrease) under the affection of atmospheric activities. For example V. C. Roldugin (2000) showed that passing the wave crest in the pressure field ceases the convergence of ozone poor air under the tropopause and divergence of ozone rich air above the tropopause and decreases the ozone content. The passing of a wave through simulate the opposite process and increase the ozone content T. Narayana Rao at all (2003) opining that the climatology of ozone clearly shows a significant seasonal cycle with the ozone maxima changing with height. The monthly variability of ozone as well as its seasonal maximum is found near the tropopause. Variation in tropopause height is due mainly to the passage of tropospheric weather systems and is responsible for the large monthly variability of ozone near the tropopause. In the lower stratosphere, inter annual variations are at a maximum in winter and spring, and are the result of variations in wave driven stratospheric circulation, which peaks in winter. Regarding this matter that total ozone have been affected from atmospheric parameter in lower stratosphere or upper troposphere, we decide to study the role of pattern circulation on ozone variations in Isfahan.