farah habib

A sense of belonging to an environment is an emotional connection that takes place between people and the external environment. Many studies have shown that the existence of this connection and its deepening between the person and the environment has a significant role in promoting the physical environment and the emergence of positive social behaviors. Therefore, recognizing the sense of belonging and the factors affecting it and ways to improve it is one of the issues that can lead to the improvement of living conditions and physical environment. Among the many factors that affect the sense of belonging, the time factor as one of these factors can be effective from two perspectives; Duration of residence and age of the environment. In this study, while researching the effect of each of these factors on the sense of belonging of residents, a comparison between these two factors and the intensity of the effect of each on the sense of belonging has been done. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In order to collect the required data and information, library and field methods and questionnaire tools were used. The statistical population of the study consists of citizens living in the six studied neighborhoods in Zanjan. The sample size was estimated to be 300 people using the Cochran's formula. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the sense of belonging in the study areas is moderate to low. The results also showed that the duration of residence and the age of the environment have a positive and significant effect on the sense of spatial belonging and its components. Among the variables, the effect of the environment variable on the sense of spatial belonging is greater than the length of stay, so that the age of the environment predicts 27.1% of the variance of the variable of spatial belonging.

Cities are multi-layered spaces where historical traces, urban memory, and meanings coexist, often facing the risk of erosion or loss of identity. In some cases, the fabric of cities deteriorates to the brink of destruction, while in others, their historical essence fades into illegible remnants, akin to texts overwritten repeatedly over time. This dynamic reflects the evolving palimpsest of urban memories and cultural layers. Urban planners increasingly recognize the city as a text, emphasizing its connection with linguistics and collective memory. This shift requires tools that allow for reading and interpreting these layers effectively. To reconstruct a city’s past—a crucial starting point for envisioning its future—it must be viewed as a layered text, constantly reshaped by cultural and social transformations. The linguistic analogy aligns well with urban analysis, as both are structured systems governed by rules. Urban forms, functions, and symbols correspond to linguistic elements, enabling the city to be "read" as a narrative shaped by its history, environment, and social context. Urban landscapes are pivotal in shaping identity and memory. They encompass three perspectives: physical reality (objective), personal interpretation (subjective), and emotional or social evaluation (evaluative). This triad allows urban landscapes to communicate narratives that foster attachment, identity, and a sense of belonging among residents. Furthermore, urban design acts as a visual language where architectural styles reflect the cultural ideologies of their time, akin to linguistic dialects. Using hermeneutics and semiotics, this research bridges urban studies and linguistics, offering a theoretical framework for interpreting the city as a multi-layered text. The approach highlights how urban markers, such as architectural elements, historical sites, and cultural symbols, contribute to collective memory and identity. By recognizing these markers as "urban words," planners can develop informed, culturally responsive urban strategies that preserve and enhance city identity. Table 1 illustrates the perspectives of scholars on urban form, urban landscape, collective memory, and urban hermeneutics.

This theoretical research employs an analytical approach to explore urban spaces through linguistic frameworks. The study systematically integrates concepts from semiotics, semantics, and hermeneutics to analyze urban layers. By reviewing prior theories and literature, the research identifies key indicators for urban memory and meaning. Secondary data sources, including academic publications, case studies, and architectural analyses, provide the foundation for this interpretive investigation.

The findings reveal that urban spaces convey cultural and historical meanings through symbols and signs, which reinforce urban identity and collective memory. The application of hermeneutics as an interpretive tool offers a deeper understanding of the interaction between urban spaces and the lived experiences of citizens. The research underscores the role of urban semiotics in identifying and preserving key urban markers that resonate with collective memories, such as architectural elements, historical monuments, and spatial narratives.

Reading the urban text through revisiting residents' lived experiences and exploring layers of urban memories necessitates an integration of concepts from both urban planning and linguistics. This approach allows for an interpretation of urban representation from the perspectives of inhabitants and users. Therefore, relying on the proposed theoretical framework enables us to achieve this important goal.Cities, as complex and layered texts, require linguistic and semiotic tools for meaningful analysis. This research demonstrates that semiotics and hermeneutics can bridge gaps in understanding urban layers, offering insights into their meanings, identities, and collective memories. The study provides urban planners and designers with theoretical frameworks to enhance urban identity and memory preservation through informed design practices. Future research could integrate fieldwork and empirical data to complement the theoretical foundations presented in this study.

Interstitial space in architecture serves as a realm for the transition from the material world to the spiritual domain. This study aims to explore the stages of transition from separation to union in the interstitial space of architecture, focusing specifically on the Imam Mosque of Isfahan. The interstitial space, as a third space that facilitates transition, is related to movement, direction, and destination, guiding the individual from appearance to essence. The research method is a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach, utilizing library studies, spatial arrangement analysis, and field research with DepthMap and SPSS software. The findings suggest that interstitial spaces create a hierarchy of movement and perception, providing a platform for spiritual proximity along a path toward a defined destination, leading to mental and emotional transformation of the user.The transition from exterior to interior in architecture is deemed as one of the most fundamental debates addressed in the present research within the context of liminality. Liminality implies an in-between and mediatory state in architecture which refers to two positions of being in-between proximity or elevation to reach the final resting destination of stability. In the architectural world liminality represents closeness to communion with the goal akin to an intuitive command and makes architecture to have levels and stages. The most significant goal of the present dissertation is proximity to truth in transition from external to internal examining its levels and orders.

Knowledge-based urban development is a new form of urban development in the 21st century, which has the potential to bring economic development to contemporary cities. This research, with the aim of achieving a proposed local framework for knowledge-based urban development, explains and evaluates the components and indicators of the knowledge-based city in Pardis city. In order to achieve this goal, the desired components and indicators were determined using documentary studies and theoretical and experimental bases, and a questionnaire with 65 items was distributed among the decision-making group consisting of 40 members of the target group using the Delphi method. In order to extract the best indicators, z-score method was used and based on the Likert spectrum and entropy technique, the weight of components and indicators was calculated and for their prioritization, Topsis technique was used. becameIn the following, the research questions were answered, which are the criteria and indicators necessary to transform Pardis city into a knowledge-based city and what will be their priority to achieve a successful knowledge-based city. In fact, six social  , economic,  managerial, perceptual, spatial organization and urban infrastructure components were defined as the proposed components for knowledge-based urban development and their related indicators. The results of the research show that the economic component with a coefficient of 0.7878 is in the first place, urban infrastructure is in the second place with a coefficient of 0.5717 and management is in the third place with a coefficient of 0.4489 in terms of importance in Pardis city and in line with each of The mentioned components, the indicators related to them are prioritized and the necessary suggestions are made to transform Pardis city into a knowledge-based city with The goal of regional development was presented

 Many building facades in urban environments lack desirable visual quality, which can negatively impact sustainable urban development. Therefore, identifying and incorporating citizens' visual preferences into facade design can be an effective step toward improving visual quality and urban sustainability. This study aims to enhance the visual quality of building facades to achieve sustainable urban development from the perspective of citizens' visual preferences. This research is applied in nature due to its objective and employs a descriptive-survey method for data collection. Initially, a theoretical foundation was examined using a qualitative, content analysis-based approach. In the following step, quantitative data and statistical information were extracted, compared, and analyzed in charts and tables. The statistical population of this study includes citizens from districts 1, 6, and 12 of Tehran metropolis, with a non-probabilistic, quota sampling method applied. Data were analyzed using MAXQDA and SMART PLS software. The research results are presented as a localized model of elements and components to enhance the visual quality of building facades for sustainable urban development. This model demonstrated suitable validity, reliability, and fit within the studied community. The findings support the theory that enhancing the visual quality of building facades and considering citizens' visual preferences can lead to sustainable urban development, which not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of the living environment but also strengthens the sense of belonging and social satisfaction.

Poverty is caused by the lack of proper mechanisms in human societies. Poverty hinders the development and sustainability of a country, and the allocation of resources for poverty alleviation is considered a very important factor for future-oriented societies and governments. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze effective urban poverty measures with a futures research approach in Sistan and Baluchestan province and to examine the extent and manner in which these measures affect each other in order to promote and build a desirable future in the province. The present study is an applied development based on the type of objective. In terms of the nature of the research, it is analytical-exploratory, and the method of collecting information is library, documentary, and field methods. The statistical population of the present study is 40 urban planning experts and specialists, senior municipal managers, and social science experts, provided that they have the necessary research experience on urban poverty. First, the literature was reviewed to identify the influential criteria for poverty. Then, the criteria for urban poverty were identified in the form of the final 6 components using the Delphi method and expert opinion. The cross-effects matrix (MICMAC) was used to analyze the data. Finally, 26 criteria were identified from 6 social, economic, cultural, physical, environmental, and basic infrastructure and services components, of which 12 key criteria, which are 2 economic components, 3 social components, 2 physical components, 4 infrastructure and basic services components, and 1 environmental component, had the greatest impact on the situation of urban poverty in Sistan and Baluchestan province.

City centers are as the cultural assets for the country; looking at them, we remember our past history and the life style of our ancestors. In the past, the city center was the initial point that the city was formed around it and it was known as the symbol of the identity for the city. Nowadays, city centers are transformed to the busiest and the noisiest place in the city which have an uncoordinated architecture; so, the affiliations to the city centers are fading day by day and they are losing their identity gradually. The Identity is the main factor for characterization and discrimination of everything. The identity generally and the place's identity particularly are two important subjects which have the main role for the persons, the objects, the communities and the places characterization. City center is one of the main elements of the city identity and because of its role in the city formation; the historical city centers have a special effect on the city identity.  The goal of the present article is to obtain a conceptual model for design of city centers with the identity approach. In the present research the theoretical principles related to three subjects of the city center, the main square and the identity are investigated. The methods of librarian studies, field studies, interviewing and questionnaire distribution are used for this research. Accordingly the designing principles for the city centers and main squares and the urban identity are introduced. The theories of some intellectuals such as K. Lynch, I. Bently, A. Rapoport and J. Jacobs are studied. According to the above theories, the five components of the urban spaces identity are:  activity, physics, meaning, culture and environment.     Two internal samples (including Imam Ali square in Isfahan and Shohada square in Arak) and three overseas samples (including Detroit city center- USA, Piazza del Campo in Siena- Italy, Baghdad city center- Iraq  ) are investigated. Finally a conceptual model is proposed based on the identity approach for designing of a city center. Based on the proposed model, as the case study, some strategies are suggested for designing of the city center of Qaemshahr. The center of Qaemshahr was constructed at the first Pahlavi's time and actually this city center was the initial kernel for the city formation. The consequent developments of Qaemshahr reformed the city center to the current shape. On the other hand, there is a high potential for reclamation and organization in the central region of Qaemshahr. This city center confronts with various problems including traffic, destroying the historical and harmonic facade of the Main Square, unimportant or disorder land usages, and inadequate space for traffic of pedestrians and cyclists. City center could be the remembrance of a beautiful portrait of the city, so its design could make a special identity for the city on the citizens’ mind. More over, a good design has the potential to attract many tourists from everywhere in the country and it leads to the cultural and the economic growth of the city.

Knowledge of behaviors and citizenship culture and how to improve them requires educational resources., Like a university for the development of many behavioral traits, the environment can be considered an educational resource. However, the current understanding of the educating cities’ physical component is not practical enough to provide educational means for citizenship culture classes in public spaces. Based on this, this study aims to formulate criteria, sub-criteria and physical component indicators effective on educating city with an emphasis on citizenship culture in Tehran’s selected public spaces.

This study uses a mixed analysis method, a basic descriptive (survey) method and context content analysis method. According to theories, instances, the five criteria were determined: the use of urban art (educating citizenship responsibility), the use of urban media (educating the preference of collective interests), the recreation area (educating citizenship participation), counseling area establishment (educating legalism), and cultural space (educating cultural rights). The required data were collected partly through field study and questionnaire distributing among 384 citizens in Tehran's selected public spaces in 1401, using a simple random cluster sampling (based on Cochran formula).

The conceptual model of the research includes the criterion of cultural space (educating cultural rights), including the sub-criterion of establishing a cultural space-museum in four indicators of choosing identity right, access to culture, cultural freedom and equality of rights, and in the form of fifteen items, the criterion of the use of urban art (educating citizenship responsibility) in the form of the sub-criterion of using the art-sculpture element and three indicators of progressiveness, conscientiousness and organization including thirteen items, the criterion of the recreation area (educating citizenship participation) also includes the sub-criterion of land development The game-group playground and four indicators of cooperative behavior, willingness to participate in citizenship, tendency to participate in citizenship and favoritism in the form of nineteen items, the criterion of the use of urban media (educating the preference of collective interests) in the form of sub-criteria of broadcasting educational statements and Installation of signs- and writings and includes two indicators of identification and altruism and seven items, the criterion of the establishment of counseling area (educating legalism) under the sub-criterion of holding a face-to-face meeting and four indicators of attitude to laws, feeling towards laws, Willingness to comply with the rules and follow the rules in the form of eighteen items and criteria with relative weights of 0/279, 0/278, 0/220, 0/134 and 0/088 respectively.

the criteria of the use of urban art (educating citizenship responsibility), the use of urban media (educating the preference of collective interests), the recreation area (educating citizenship participation), the counseling area establishment (educating legalism), and the cultural space (educating cultural rights) from the physical component of educating city plays a significant role in promoting citizenship culture in public spaces. The physical component can fulfill the educational responsibility that is also a burden on the cities. This component in cities is used as a tool to enable access to education through daily life and coexistence of citizens.

Education is a fundamental pillar in national systems. In developed countries, schools vary in diversity and educational objectives, but what stands out in our beloved country is the reliance on traditional education systems that, given the country's progress and people's demands, no longer hold the same educational appeal. Skill-based schools are those that focus on educating students based on their abilities and skills. The main purpose of the research is to explain the principles and conceptual framework of the design of skill-oriented educational and training spaces. The research method is considered in terms of purpose, application, and mixed research method, from the nature of exploratory-surveycorrelation data and from the perspective of inductive reasoning. which has been done with two qualitative statistical communities using the foundation data method and a quantitative community using the structural equation method. The sample size was 15 experts who were selected with a purposeful method and according to the principle of theoretical saturation. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. After open and central coding, it was determined that the dimensions and categories of the arena are organization and diversity, social space, comfort and culture according to the theoretical and practical bases, the relationships between the drawn identification categories and the native skill-based model have finally been drawn in 4 main axes, 9 subcategories and 56 measures have been determined based on statistical analysis for a quantitative .

This study is applied in terms of purpose, utilizing a mixed research method. The nature of the data is exploratory, correlational, and deductive in the category of inductive research. The qualitative aspect of the research was conducted using grounded theory, while the quantitative aspect employed structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of 15 experts selected purposively following theoretical saturation principles. Data collection tools included semi-structured interviews.

After coding and thematic analysis, the main dimensions and topics discussed in this research include the field, organization and diversity, social environment, security and culture. Analytical software such as LIRZAL and SPSS will be used. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the skill-based school model can be a suitable solution for improving the quality of the educational system.

Designing skill-based educational spaces should focus on aspects such as appropriate location, spatial diversity, meeting students' needs, fostering motivation and technological integration, forming skill-based groups, and ensuring occupational security.

In the present era, environmental challenges have increased the necessity of reducing the temporal and spatial limitations of environmental education in cities, and the need for effective educational frameworks in this field is felt. In this regard, the current  Futures Studies research examines the criteria and indicators important in the conceptual model of the environmental component of the educating city in Iran which is based on global experiences, further, the present research aims to analyze effective criteria and indicators in the environmental component in the educating cities with the use of global experiences. This research is conducted with an interpretive philosophy, an inductive approach, and an applied strategy, employing a descriptive-content analysis method and utilizing mixed methods design (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population consists of 30 urban planning experts selected through a convenience sampling method. The data has been collected through library and field studies and data collection tools of documents and expert questionnaires. The findings of the research, based on the content analysis of 10 successful global experiences and using the Friedman test and structural equations, showed that 6 criteria of awareness, attitudes, policies, skills, behaviors and social-environmental interactions, with weights of 3.71 and 3.54, 3.48, 3.45, 3.42 and 3.40, respectively, on environmental development and its dimensions, including protection of aquatic ecosystems, optimal use of natural resources and energies, environmental protection, urban green development, promotion of public health, preservation of biodiversity and waste management have been effective with 29.66, 28.11, 27.44, 23.33, 18.94, 17.36 and 6.70 units respectively. The results reveal that adopting a comprehensive approach by utilizing the city’s capacity as a platform for environmental education, focusing on enhancing awareness, skills, attitudes, and behaviors, as well as strengthening social interactions and reforming policies, can create a conducive environment for environmental education and achieve environmental development.

This study employed a questionnaire as a data collection tool. A total of 16 questions were designed for the identity questionnaire, focusing on two main components: social and cultural. Additionally, 47 questions were created covering six main components: economic, social, technical and executive, cultural, internal architecture of housing, and external architecture of housing, and these were administered to residents of different districts of Ahvaz. The investigation of correlation coefficients and regression analysis between building industrialization variables and urban identity in Ahvaz yielded significant results.  The regression analysis between identity and building industrialization indicators in Ahvaz city revealed a significant relationship (Sig = 0.000), indicating that changes in industrialization can significantly impact urban identity. As industrialization increases, urban identity improves, particularly in cultural and social aspects. The AHP method was used to prioritize components based on their importance, with scores ranging from 1 to 9. After normalizing the pairwise comparison matrix and calculating the geometric means, consistency was assessed using the Consistency Ratio (CR). A CR under 0.1 indicates a consistent matrix. The AHP results showed that environmental and social components were most important, while architectural aspects were least significant. The Cultural index was prioritized with the highest score of 0.38. A correlation coefficient of 0.806 indicates a strong and positive correlation between building industrialization and urban identity. This suggests that as the level of building industrialization increases, urban identity indicators also rise in different areas of Ahvaz. Moreover, a significance level of 0.000 indicates that this statistical relationship is highly significant, with the likelihood of its occurrence being very low based on chance. The prioritization results of the components using the AHP method indicated that for the component of industrialized construction, the environmental sub-index was prioritized, while for the component of identity, the environmental sub-index took precedence in terms of construction and architecture. These findings suggest that paying attention to environmental components in the design and implementation of industrialization projects can enhance the alignment between urban development and the preservation of cultural and social identity. Implementing design standards based on sustainability principles and compatibility with local cultural identity can mitigate the negative impacts of industrialization. Furthermore, the development of public infrastructure, such as green spaces and cultural centers in industrialized areas, contributes to creating a balance between industrial development and cultural identity preservation.

One of the most important issues and challenges facing developing societies is the physical identity of buildings and urban appearance. Cities are affected by modernity under the influence of modernity, and the concept of urban identity in the process of cognition and perception, presents us with a multidimensional and complex phenomenon. The physical identity of cities has become an influential category in city life. This article follows the hypothesis that the physical identity shaping the contemporary architecture of Tehran emerges from the heart of the subject of the project and the physical identity is the result of the current conditions of society. What are the cities of Tehran? The research method in this research is qualitative survey and applied research and to answer the research question, first the library method to examine the factors affecting the formation of physical identity, then a questionnaire was asked from experts and professors of architecture. . The statistical population is 150 professors of architecture and finally, among the effective factors and has the highest priority in designing spaces with the identity of the physical structure of the spirit of the time, adaptation of form and function and attention to human beings in design, has the most impact.

Introduction :

Formal education as a foundation for further education is necessary but insufficient. Therefore, education should be brought to a space where all people can attend without any restrictions, that is, the entry of education into the city and its connection with urban life. In many countries, the city has been used for education and valuable experiences have been gained. Now, in Iran, some people need education. In this situation, in some cases, the limitation of access to education has led to the imposition of many costs. Despite the upcoming challenges, the capacity of the city as a platform and tool in the service of education to increase readiness in solving challenges has been neglected; Therefore, the problem of the current research is that in the topic of the educating city with the application of the socio-cultural component, the existing knowledge is not practical enough to create a suitable platform for educating adults and Citizens should act based on their learning from the educational resources of the cities. Therefore, in the upcoming research, an effort has been made to resolve the gap in the field of the city and the socio-cultural component of education by using the category of the educating city based on successful global experiences. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the mechanism of the sociocultural component of the educating city based on global experiences, and seeks to find answers to these questions: The conceptual model of the sociocultural component of the educating city in Iran is based on global experiences, based on what criteria and indicators? How are they prioritized? How effective are the indicators identified from the socio-cultural component of the educating city on each of the dimensions of lifelong learning? 

With an interpretive philosophy and an inductive approach, the present research is placed in the group of applied research (based on the goal) and descriptive of the type of content analysis (from the point of view of nature) in terms of strategy. Also, in terms of selection, it has mixed data (qualitative-quantitative), based on the time frame of the single-section method (in the second half of 1402), collecting its data using the library-field method and the tools of existing documents and documents. The questionnaire was for experts. Conducting this research was based on five steps: In the first place, this research, using the library method and the tools of existing documents, examines the theoretical concepts and selects and introduces 17 examples of successful global experiences from the teaching city according to various criteria (including access to the document valid, using a special program in it and achieving successful results). In the following, the background of the research was stated. At the end of this section, the conceptual model of the research was presented. In the second step, introduced experiences were compared, classified, and categorized by the method of content analysis and were presented in the form of criteria and indicators of the socio-cultural component, including encouraging social participation, fighting discrimination, improving educational policies, improving the quality of life, preserving cultural identity and creating ideological foundation criteria. In the third step, a questionnaire compiled for experts from the criteria and indicators identified from the sociocultural component was given to 10 experts (urban development experts) to give their opinions regarding the criteria and indicators selected to present and according to the mixed method (quantitative-qualitative), quality criteria and indicators be converted into quantitative numbers. In the fourth step, the reliability of the questionnaire was checked by Cronbach’s alpha test. Then, to measure the validity of the questionnaire, the exploratory factor analysis method was used. In this method, the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin (KMO) index and Bartlett’s test were used to confirm or reject the appropriateness of the desired data for factor analysis. To perform the exploratory factor analysis method, the principle component method was used to extract the criteria, and the Varimax Rotation method with Kaiser Normalization was used to rotate the factors. Then, research criteria and indicators were prioritized using the Friedman method, and after that, the impact of the indicators on the social, cultural, economic, and individual aspects of lifelong learning was analyzed using the path analysis method. In the fifth step, the conceptual model of the research was presented and finally, the conclusion was explained.

First, the reliability and validity of the research measurement tool (questionnaire) were ensured. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by Cronbach’s alpha test. The results of the test revealed that the used questionnaire had the necessary accuracy and reliability. In the following, exploratory factor analysis was used to measure the validity of the questionnaire. In this method, first, it was ensured that the number of data is suitable for factor analysis or not. For this reason, the KMO index and Bartlett’s test were used. The value of the KMO index was equal to 0/906 (more than 0/6), so the number of samples (number of respondents) was sufficient for factor analysis. Also, the sig value of Bartlett’s test was equal to zero (less than 0/05). This showed that factor analysis is suitable for identifying the structure of the factor model and the hypothesis of the correlation matrix being known was rejected. Further, in the exploratory factor analysis, the principal components method was used to extract the criteria, and the Varimax method with Keyser normalization was used to rotate the factors. The decision criterion for survival or removal of questionnaire questions from factor analysis was their extracted commonality values. In addition, eigenvalues higher than 1 and factor scores higher than 0/4 are considered decision criteria for question classification. In the following, according to the analyses carried out, with the achievement of the extracted commonality value of more than 0/5 for all questions, it is not necessary to exclude any of the questionnaire questions from the factor analysis. In addition, according to these analyses, 6 criteria with a characteristic value higher than one were extracted, and all the questions related to the socio-cultural component of the educating city were included in these 6 criteria. Also, considering the factor loads of the questions, each of the questions had the highest factor load in the same factor that was determined in advance. Therefore, each question measures the same factor for which it was designed, so the questions of the questionnaire have the necessary validity. Friedman’s test was used to check the importance and rank of the criteria and indicators of the socio-cultural component of the educating city. According to the results, among the criteria of the research, creating an ideological foundation, improving the quality of life, fighting discrimination, improving educational policies, encouraging social participation, and preserving cultural identity are respectively weighted 3/71, 3/54, 3/48, 3/45, 3/42 and 3/40 are the most and least important. 33 research indicators were assigned different weights respectively. In the last part of the findings, the path analysis method was used to investigate the impact of research indicators on lifelong learning. The test results showed that the research indicators were effective in lifelong learning with a path coefficient of 0/7 on the social dimension, 0/51 on the economic dimension, 0/50 on the cultural dimension, and 0/44 on the individual dimension.

Educating cities has an essential role in the education process by emphasizing the socio-cultural component. By creating an ideological foundation, improving the quality of life, fighting discrimination, improving educational policies, encouraging social participation, and preserving cultural identity, these cities provide a suitable platform for the development of lifelong learning processes and they reduce the obstacles related to the time and place limitations of education and this makes it possible for everyone to access it more easily. In addition, by overcoming challenges and emphasizing potential, these cities offer educational opportunities to various groups in society, including minorities, the disadvantaged, and the elderly. As centers of educational opportunities, these cities contribute to the development of society by improving the level of knowledge and awareness of citizens. The investigated indicators of the sociocultural component of the teaching city directly affect the 4 social, economic, cultural, and individual dimensions of lifelong learning. These results show that the social and cultural actions and activities that are carried out to improve the platform of an educating city, can directly contribute to the promotion of lifelong learning processes.

Introduction :

The city is conceptualized as a living entity, serving as the safest habitat for humans, with its characteristics and attributes understood through human perception. This perception fosters various emotional connections between individuals and the places they inhabit or visit. In contemporary society, dominated by images and perceptions, visual and auditory impressions convey significant messages to audiences. Urban branding emerges as a strategic approach to enhance the recognition of a city’s architectural richness and to promote its history, spatial quality, culture, and lifestyle.This concept plays a crucial role in developing urban policies and strategies, simultaneously pursuing economic growth and acting as a channel for the city’s identity. Each city in Iran possesses a unique reputation shaped by its specific capacities, facilities, and potentials, distinguishing it from others. This distinction often arises from prominent architectural elements and landmarks within the urban environment. Cities lacking distinctive features strive to redefine their identity through architectural revitalization.This study aims to investigate and compare the primary architectural components that influence urban branding in the cities of Yazd and Rasht. Such an examination is deemed essential within the fields of architecture and urban planning. The research intends to assess the impact of architectural elements on urban branding, focusing on Yazd and Rasht as case studies that differ in climate, culture, and scale. Additionally, the study seeks to answer the question of how architectural components affect the branding of these two cities.

In this study, the researcher aims to collect, analyze, and interpret data obtained through observation and interviews. To achieve this, both deductive and inductive approaches are utilized. Given the research questions and objectives, it was necessary to examine the theoretical model and its criteria. The portion of the research that relies on prior assumptions regarding urban branding employs a deductive approach. Conversely, the inductive reasoning in the study is evident in the observational section, which examines criteria directly from case samples, independent of previous studies. This approach aligns with the interpretivist paradigm and qualitative description.The research method is applied in a practical context and is based on qualitative content analysis. The researcher seeks to answer the question of how architectural components influence the branding of the cities of Yazd and Rasht. To facilitate this, a five-item Likert scale questionnaire was designed to compare the impact of architectural elements on branding between the two cities. Additionally, a simple random sampling method was employed to select the samples.

The reliability of the questionnaire developed in the study was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, calculated through the SPSS software, which also served as the data analysis tool. The obtained Cronbach’s alpha value exceeded 0.70, indicating that the reliability of the questionnaires is confirmed.In light of the urban branding strategy and the positioning of architectural components influencing urban branding, the study examined each defined sub-component in the two sample cities, Yazd and Rasht. The results from the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS.The findings reveal significant differences between the architectural components affecting branding in Yazd and Rasht, particularly concerning elements such as color, urban facade, historical texture, urban imagery, materials, location, and socio-cultural phenomena. However, no significant differences were observed between the two cities’ climate and urban policy components.

Urban branding has emerged as a global trend actively pursued by governments, with cities worldwide striving to enhance their identity and image. This enhancement is predicated on the assumption that individuals already possess preconceived notions about a city. The mental image of a city is shaped through perceptual processing and the imagery that individuals associate with it, indicating that people have pre-formed images of their favorite cities. Urban branding not only aids in establishing urban identities but also inspires new innovations.Consequently, older cities with distinct cultural heritages and recognizable architectural features tend to be more popular than those lacking such characteristics. Cities that do not possess unique features are attempting to improve their global standing by reconstructing their architecture and creating new identities. A unique urban brand signifies the presence of one or more symbols that can imbue urban spaces with new meaning and identity.Research indicates that the historical urban fabric in Yazd is recognized as a primary influencing factor, while in Rasht, the historical urban fabric and cityscape hold significant importance, albeit the impact of these factors is more pronounced in Yazd than in Rasht. This study also analyzes other components such as materials, climate, color, location, and socio-cultural phenomena, concluding that the socio-cultural component has a more substantial influence in Rasht compared to Yazd. This disparity highlights how climatic, cultural, and scale differences between the two cities affect the impact of architectural elements on urban branding.A comprehensive examination of the architectural micro-components influencing urban branding in Yazd and Rasht reveals that all these elements play a role in the urban branding process of both cities through architecture, though the degree of influence varies. This underscores the complexity of urban branding as a strategic process that integrates various factors to foster a city’s unique identity and enhance its competitive advantage in a globalized context.

The model of construction and development of urban areas as a platform for strengthening solidarity and social bonds and consequently social sustainability should be formed in accordance with the biological needs of its residents. These biological needs that shape the quality of life of citizens are defined in different parts such as residence, work and activity, recreation, social interactions and etc. From another angle, urban development and urban planning based on this school is an evolved set of various components and mixed uses that can be well exploited in the development of traditional neighborhoods (TND) as a local model. The main goal of the research is to recognize the pattern of traditional neighborhood development (TND) based on the local schools of urban planning in Iran and specifically the principles of Tabriz school in urban planning. According to the objectives and components of the study, this research aims to expand Tabriz school of urbanism in the traditional neighborhood development and to present and apply a local model in the construction and development of urban neighborhood too. For this reason, this research uses the developmental-applicative combined method based on the type of goal. The research method based on the type of analysis is considered in the category of quantitative research. The results based on the TOPSIS method show that the infrastructure and facilities of the neighborhoods, the physical structure and the economic structure respectively have the first to third priorities in the of traditional neighborhood development according Tabriz school and based on the regression results, the multiple correlation coefficient is 0.815 and the corrected coefficient of determination is equal to 0.815 and this value shows that 81.4 percent of the changes in the traditional neighborhood development can be predicted through the principles taken from the Tabriz school of urban planning.

The construction of biophilic residential complexes is one of the new approaches to increasing the nature of the residents of residential complexes whose benefits will lead to better people's life. In recent years, in the field of architecture, biophilic residential architecture has been paid special attention and tries to consider the link between architecture and nature further. This study aims to investigate the theoretical modeling of the components affecting the biophilic design of the intervening spaces of residential complexes and the design of the relationships of these factors. The research method is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied results. A qualitative research approach was used through systematic review and purposive sampling to identify the studied components. In the section on interpretive structural modeling, expert academic opinions in architecture and Urbanism have been used through the Delphi method. Data collection tools are interviews and a two-way questionnaire, and a face validity criterion was used to assess the validity of the questionnaire. The relationships between the components affecting the biophilic design of the spaces between residential complexes have been determined using a new analytical methodology called interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and analyzed seamlessly. The findings showed that the relationship with natural systems with nine penetration power is the most effective and the strongest motivator of the biophilic design of the spaces between residential complexes and acts as the underlying stone of the model. Also, the order and complexity component with the penetration power of 4 has the least effect.

The university, as a part of urban architecture, is a social structure. One of the components of spatial quality and one of the most valuable spatial rights of humans is the sense of individual control over space. This research was conducted to identify the dimensions, criteria, and indicators of the controllability component within a conceptual framework and to provide solutions for spatial planning. The study adopts a mixed-method approach, with qualitative content analysis and quantitative survey methods, and is applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population consists of all architecture students from five Islamic Azad University branches in Tehran, and the sample size was estimated at 246 using G-Power software. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through content validity and confirmatory factor analysis, while reliability was assessed using internal consistency and Cronbach’s alpha. Logistic regression was used to test the effect of controllability on student presence. The findings indicate that the indicators of the "controllability" component, which affect student presence across three dimensions—physical, functional, and perceptual—include: "enclosure," "space maintenance and hygiene," "artificial surveillance," "territorial control," "flexibility in spatial arrangement," "personalization capability," and "participation in space management and maintenance." After data analysis, it was found that the most effective dimension in predicting student presence was, in order, the functional, physical, and perceptual dimensions. Regarding gender differences, enhancing the perceptual dimension of controllability had the greatest impact on increasing female student presence. This study demonstrated that controllability enhances student presence in open spaces, allowing them to exert control over their physical environment and modify their surroundings.Research Objectives : Determining the indicators of the controllability component and establishing a new conceptual framework.Investigating the effect of the controllability component on the level of student presence in open spaces of university campuses.Research Questions:What are the indicators of the controllability component that enhance student presence?To what extent do the indicators of the controllability component affect the presence of male and female students in open spaces of university campuses?

This study aimed to develop a conceptual model to use the biomimicry approach in design of building envelopes to improve urban ecology. The research was descriptive-analytical and the required data were provided by library and field studies of buildings designed with biomimicry approach. For this purpose, first, biomimicry approach was identified, then twenty samples of biomimetic envelopes were examined, then components and criteria were extracted. The dependency system of the criteria was measured and the importance of each criterion was determined using a network analysis process with a survey of twenty experts in this field and they were weighted with the help of Super-decisions software. As a result, for functional, physical, and formal components, the relevant criteria and sub-criteria were determined according to their importance. Then, a conceptual model of quality evaluation of building envelopes with biomimicry approach was developed. The novelty of this research is the study of biomimicry approach in Iranian envelopes with nature-oriented design. In this regard, using a quality evaluation model, Barin ski building was evaluated so that according to its strengths and weaknesses, designers can make more effective decisions in design of biomimetic building envelopes in Iran.

Islamic Azad University, as an educational institution that has been established for more than a quarter of a century, has a wide role in the growth and development of education and raising the level of education and excellence of people in Iran because Training of human resources to enter the labor market is one of the activities of universities, including the Azad University, and this activity has a great impact on the growth and development of the country. And he himself was affected by this growth and development, and this growth is much more tangible physically in the university. Islamic Azad University in its path of growth and development took the environment with it and not only affected the body and its surroundings but also in most small and medium and growing cities was able to impose itself on other uses, the path of city development And became a factor in determining how new tissues are formed and old tissues evolve. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and the study method is descriptive and analytical in terms of method and nature. The method of data collection was library, documentary, and field studies and the community of the study included 370 residents of the surrounding neighborhoods, but to ensure 400 questionnaires were explained and 385 questionnaires were fully answered, to analyze the information from analytical software spss and excell are used. The results show the impact of the university in economic, physical, social and cultural dimensions.

Nowadays, one of the factors that cause confusion and visual clutter is the presence of urban facades with an abnormal appearance. This heterogeneity is more visible in the facades of Iranian cities, especially in Tehran and in the vicinity of the main local streets. It is crucial to deal with the issue of which parts of the facade have caused visual clutter and to determine the most effective visual component of the facade in this regard. The current research has been carried out to explain the position of facade architectural components and their effect in creating visual clutter and compare the effects in urban and single facades. The present research method is a case study, survey, and coding. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the effects of extensions, materials, windows, forms, style and ornaments, lines, and doors in creating visual clutter of the urban and single facade were investigated. In order to identify and compare the effects of components, questionnaires and field studies were used, and SPSS software and Friedman's test were used for analysis and ranking. The method followed in this research is innovative in the field of pathology and provides a model for the studies of the pathology of facades. The results of the research show that the difference between the impact of the criteria in creating visual clutter of the urban and single-facade and different sub-criteria of the single-facade and urban facade components are effective in creating visual clutter. By analyzing the results of Friedman's test, it was determined that the lines in the urban facade with a score of 5.28. and Extensions in a single facade with a score of 5/20. They have the greatest effect in causing visual clutter. Moreover, it has the least impact on creating visual clutter in the urban facade and single-façade door.

Among geographical regions, cities are increasingly becoming champions. Their competition to establish their reputation as the best choice for visitors, investors, and businesses is intensifying. Some cities possess unique features creating a distinct image in people’s minds. The present paper is aimed at identifying the most influential architectural components in city branding of Yazd and subsequently comparing and prioritizing them based on their impact.

The research is conducted through using a questionnaire prepared for two groups: 1) a group of 35 specialists and 2) a group of 110 ordinary individuals. The snowball sampling method was used to select the sample for group 1, and random sampling method was employed for group 2.

This applied research is qualitative based on the nature of the data. All components were examined in both statistical populations using the SPSS test, revealing a significant impact on the city branding of Yazd. In terms of prioritization, the components’ degree of influence on the city branding of Yazd city differed between architects and urban planners as well as between ordinary people in two statistical populations.

Among ordinary individuals, the architectural texture had the greatest impact on the city branding of Yazd, whereas, among specialists, symbols and landmarks such as elements like windcatchers and awning had the most significant impact on this city’s branding.

The educational environment is one of the determining factors in the academic progress of students.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of physical components of the educational environment on the student's motivation in Tehran. The type of present research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the research included the Sixth-grade elementary school students of Tehran city who were studying in the academic year of 2020-2021. Sampling was done by the systematic-probability sampling method. Three hundred and eighty-seven students who met the criteria to enter the research were selected. The research tools included questionnaires on the physical aspects of the classroom environment (PACE) (Ahmad et al. 2015) and the student's motivation toward science learning (SMTSL) (Tuan et al. 2005). To analyze the data, smart partial least squares structural (PLS) software, Pearson correlation test, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used. The results showed that the components of the physical environment (Academic self-efficacy, furniture, equipment and facilities, space, light, indoor air quality, and color) have a positive and significant relationship with the learning motivation variable. Also, the analysis of SEM showed that the value of the t statistic in all cases is higher than 1.96. Factor loading of items was above 0.40 and so the selected questions had appropriate factor structures. The path coefficient was equal to 0.340 and the absolute value of the t statistic was equal to 5.197 which was higher than 1.96. There was a significant positive relationship between the physical components of the educational environment, learning motivation, and the academic self-efficacy of students. Therefore, planning for changes in the structure of the physical components of schools can be one of the priorities of creating a fundamental change in the achieving academic excellence of students.

Housing, as the primary urban use, shapes the spatial system and urban physical form at the neighborhood level. Planning for physical system and quality of living spaces requires attention to housing design. Understanding the role of housing design rules and regulations in form of Practical-developmental model has provided necessary background for this research. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Data is collected in a combined (qualitative and quantitative) manner. Among the housing design rules and regulations, 11 regulations were selected by reviewing the content of documents and library studies, and 33 requirements were compiled after interviews with experts. Using the fuzzy Delphi method, 19 requirements out of 10 regulations Were approved after two rounds of repetition. Structural-Interpretive Modeling (ISM) method has been used to explain the model. To form Delphi and ISM team, 10 experts in field of housing design have been selected by purposive sampling. Based on analysis of findings, model consists of three levels. In the first level, there is the Lot Coverage rule (R1), which is the most effective rule. According to MicMac analysis, Lot Coverage (R1), height of building and unit (R5) and parking ramp (R6) regulations are located in independent area, while the patio (R4) regulation is located in the linkage area. They have the highest penetration power and the lowest dependence of other regulations. The results show that explained rules and regulations are effective in organizing living spaces and urban Physical system. Therefore, they should receive more attention in urban planning.

One of the most important physical components of the city, which strengthens the relationship between citizens and the place, is the composition of the facade of the buildings, in other words, the urban facade.In urban design and development, the physical-aesthetic dimension is considered to be the most important quality in the urban space, the purpose of which is to create a pleasant feeling in the urban environment. Meanwhile, the walls of the streets are one of the most important dimensions of effective design on the aesthetics of the urban landscape due to their direct influence on the visual perception of the citizens. The current research tries to provide effective solutions to improve the aesthetic objective in the aspect of facades and residential walls by prioritizing the preferences of the observers.The research method is descriptive and analytical in terms of type and practical in terms of purpose. Information was collected through field visits, document studies and questionnaires. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data from two viewpoints of observers and experts, and then the components obtained in the selected images of the region were analyzed based on the preferences of the users.The findings indicate that the components of color and texture of materials, sky line and volumetric porosity, from both points of view, are in the priority of evaluating residential wall beauty preferences. This article tries to provide suggestions to improve the conditions of urban walls by considering the physical indicators prioritized by supervisors and experts.

Urban ecology studies the city as an ecosystem consisting of humans and biophysical factors and how they interact in urban environments.Visual ecology also examines the environment around humans as an ecological factor and helps humans to feel pleasant and harmonize it with the physio logical mechanisms of vision. The aim of the present research is to identify the anatomical dimensions of facades and the impact of visual ecology criteria on improving the quality of residential facades in Tehran. The type of research method is descriptive and analytical and has a mixed approach. In the quantitative part of the QSORT classification method, information was obtained through field observations and questionnaire tools in the Likert spectrum, and the image quality diagram was drawn from the observer's point of view with SPSS software. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient with a rate of 0.785. In the qualitative analysis, the selected views were analyzed in the table based on the constituent elements and criteria of visual ecology and mechanisms of the visual system. The findings show that facades according to vision standards can form comfortable, uniform and aggressive visual environments, and as a result, based on Pie chart calculations, the frequency of visual quality of residential facades within the scope of the research is 65% comfortable, 15% uniform & 20% are aggressive. This article tries to provide solutions to improve the quality of citizens' visual vision through the analysis of desirable visual criteria in the facade of the building.