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Impulse waves are actually a type of tsunami waves. The most important factor in creating these waves is the transfer of momentum from the sliding mass to the water. Impulse waves are the cause of dam failure and downstream flood. Therefore, knowing the factors affecting this phenomenon has always been the concern of researchers and hydraulic engineers. This study was conducted using the Flow-3D numerical model and a laboratory data (Breguli, 2017) was used to validate the model. In this research, for the first time the effect of surface tension on wave propagation in the three-dimensional Flow-3D modeling of waves was considered. The results show that considering the surface tension force is necessary for high accuracy results and it reduces the modeling error by an average of 5% while other simulation conditions such as the initial and boundary conditions and the mesh size are the same. Also, the depth of still water level in reservoir and the porosity of the sliding mass have an effect on the properties of the impulse wave. According to results, with the increase of about two times the depth of the water, the speed and length of the created wave increases by nearly 30 and 48%, respectively. In addition, with a 10% decrease in the porosity of the sliding mass, the wave velocity decreased by 14% and the wavelength decreased by 10%.

Impulse waves are among the natural phenomena that are caused by the impact or transfer of energy from a mass to still water. These waves are widely observed in nature and engineering environments and have multiple effects on the surrounding structures and environments. Masses’ sliding into still water is one of the common situations in creating impulse waves that can occur in different scenarios, such as floods, landslides or sudden entry of materials into water. In recent years, many researches have been conducted in this field, each of which has investigated specific aspects of this phenomenon. The importance of studying impulse waves, especially in the fields of marine engineering and environmental protection, is clearly visible. These waves can cause serious damage to marine structures and aquatic ecosystems, and for this reason, a more accurate understanding of their characteristics and behavior can be effective in better design and more appropriate management of these environments. This article was written with the aim of providing a comprehensive framework for future research in this field. Presenting a comprehensive review of the studies conducted in the field of impulse waves caused by the sliding of masses into still water. In this regard, the results of various tests, data analysis and comparison of the results will be discussed.

The phenomenon of impulse waves caused by soil mass sliding into water is one of the important issues in geotechnical and hydrodynamic engineering, which can have destructive consequences on the environment and coastal structures. These waves are widely observed in nature and engineering environments and have multiple effects on the surrounding structures and environments. These waves are caused by the sudden entry of the soil mass into the water, and their investigation is of great importance, especially using numerical methods. In this study, a comprehensive review of the numerical researches conducted in the field of impulse waves caused by landslides is presented. This article examines different numerical models, key parameters affecting wave generation and validation of numerical results compared to experimental data. Also, the challenges in the numerical simulation of this phenomenon and the proposed solutions to improve the accuracy of the modeling have been investigated. The results of this study can help to improve the understanding of this phenomenon and develop new simulation methods.

In a laboratory study, a new arrangement for permeable groin has been presented in which the form and number of groin bars are different compared to the conventional direct form, and the effect of this new arrangement on the maximum depth of the scour hole was investigated at the groin nose. The permeability values of the groin group are considered equal to 40, 60 and 80% and the tests were performed in clear water conditions. The flow rate and bed conditions are considered the same in all tests and the behavior of groin to deal with local scouring of the nose under the change in permeability and the number of bars in the groin group in both radial absorbing and direct forms has been investigated and compared. The results show that among the tests conducted, the maximum depth of the erosion hole decreased with the increase in permeability, and also the performance of the provided radial absorbent arrangement is better and more effective than the direct arrangement in controlling the maximum depth of the erosion hole.

Groins are one of the ways to protect river banks against erosion. These structures prevent their erosion by diverting the flow from the river bank. In this study, a new arrangement of permeable groin is presented, which are called radial groin. In order to investigate the behavior and performance of this type of groin, a flume with a length of 5 meters, width of 30 cm and height of 30 cm was used. The experiments were conducted with a permeability rate of 60% in clear water conditions and in the back to the flow state, and the observations from the experiments were made in relation to the maximum scouring depth and the changes in the topography of the flume bed with straight and parallel arrangement of scours with the same permeability has been compared. The results show that the radial arrangement has performed better than the parallel and direct arrangement and has been more successful in creating scour pits with less depth.

There are various methods to prevent river bank erosion, one of them is groin. These structures are used to control the natural movement of the bed and reduce the movement of sediments by reducing the power of the water flow. Groins are divided into permeable and impermeable types, the permeable form of which is used in rivers where the amount of suspended load is high. By reducing the speed of the flow in the groin field, the sedimentary materials are quickly deposited. This process and then creating a thick sedimentary layer, keeping the erosion flow away from the groin area and it provides the stable conditions necessary to protect the banks. In this study, the performance of parallel permeable groin and single permeable groin has been compared. For this purpose, a flume with a length of 5 meters, width of 30 cm and height of 30 cm has been used. Experiments have been conducted with 60 and 40% permeability rates in clear water conditions, and the observations from the experiments have been made in relation to the maximum scour depth and the changes in the topography of the flume bed have been compared.

The construction of water structures such as groin is done to protect the beaches and prevent their erosion. These structures disrupt the uniform regime of flow and sediment transport. In most cases, these conditions lead to local scouring of the bed. In order to protect the bed and minimize the depth of the scour hole, various arrangements for the groins have been proposed and tested. In this study, the influence of the angle of circulation in the radial arrangement of the permeable groin and its comparison with the direct permeable groin has been investigated. For this purpose, a flume with a length of 5 meters, a width of 30 cm and a height of 30 cm was used, and tests were performed with three different permeability rates of 40, 60 and 80% in clear water conditions. The results show that in the radial arrangement, the maximum depth of the scour hole at the toe of the groin and its width have decreased compared to the direct arrangement, and the radial arrangement has a better performance to prevent the erosion of the river bed.

The scouring phenomenon is one of the issues that are always important in the design of various types of hydraulic structures; among these structures is the groin. These structures prevent their erosion by diverting the flow from the river bank. The flow mechanism in rivers at the locations of groin is such that the bed of a river undergoes changes and erosion over time. In this study, the performance of the permeable radial groin with different numbers was investigated. Also this groin was comparison with the double and single direct permeable arrangement. For this purpose, a flume with 5, 0.3, 0.3 meter long, wide and high was used, respectively. The experiments were conducted with a permeability rate of 40% in clear water conditions. The observations from the experiments regarding the maximum scour depth created in the flume bed show that the number of groin in a radial arrangement has an effect on the maximum scour hole depth.

This study examines the complex field of pain treatment related to lumbar disc disorders in a narrative review.

Methods and Materials/Patients: 

Our search strategy involved utilizing specific terms, including ‘pain management,’ ‘lumbar disc surgery,’ ‘methods,’ and ‘techniques.’ We formulated a search query using Boolean operators: (‘Pain management’ OR‘analgesia’) AND (‘lumbar disc surgery’ OR‘spinal surgery’) AND (‘techniques’ OR ‘procedures’ OR ‘approaches’ OR ‘methods’) AND ‘narrative review.’ A systematic search was conducted across reputable medical databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. Filters were applied to refine search results based on publication type and date, with a focus on material published within the past two decades to ensure the inclusion of current, high-quality literature.

This study synthesized information from several sources, demonstrating the changing methods used to address pain in lumbar disc disorders. The article explored the historical background of medical treatments, emphasized both contemporary surgical and non-surgical methods, and investigated the predicted factors that affect the results. The study investigated the range of surgical incidents and examined the clinical factors to be taken into account for treatments. The value of efficient pain treatment in alleviating chronic back pain and maximizing patient results was emphasized.

In conclusion, this review underscores the paramount importance of comprehensive management of lumbar disc pain. It stresses that effective pain control not only alleviates immediate suffering but also plays a pivotal role in ensuring positive surgical experiences, enhancing patient outcomes, and promoting long-term well-being.

Evaluating our scientific trend and patterns in the education of neurosurgery can benefit in determining the needs and the future of the research path, therefore we performed a bibliometric analysis in the Web of Science (WoS) dataset.

Methods and Materials/Patients: 

This was a bibliometric study of literature for studies on neurosurgery education. The WoS database was used for this study. The collected dataset was entered into the R shiny package of bibliometrics and was used for data analysis. Annual scientific production, citations, journals, and affiliation patterns were evaluated. Bradford’s and Lotka’s laws were used to interpret the patterns of contributions. Reference publication year spectroscopy (RPYS) was used to find source literature articles.

From 1962 to 2023, 1740 articles from 266 journals were included in this study. The annual growth rate of publishing neurosurgery education studies was 8.16%. “World neurosurgery” and “neurosurgery” journals with 441 articles (25.34%) were in zone 1 based on Bradford’s law, showing inequality in publishers of neurosurgery education studies. Also, Lotka’s law showed author productivity inequality, with most authors (approximately 75.5%) having only contributed a single article, while an Indian researcher has authored 28 articles as well as some other researchers with more than 20 articles. The USA led the way with 775 articles. Historical origins of research stemmed from studies about the virtual model of the temporal bone, the depiction of neurosurgery in cinematic genres, and a realistic neurosurgical simulator. Seminal neurosurgery education research has focused on anatomy education using imaging methods, informing later developments in simulated learning approaches. Based on the RPYS, seminal neurosurgery education research has focused on anatomy education like using imaging methods, which has contributed to later developments in simulated learning.

Bibliometric analysis of neurosurgery education literature reveals increasing annual production, inequality in publishing, and author productivity, identified with the USA’s leading contributions and diverse research origins.

Couple therapists believe that marital conflict is caused by inconsistency between husband and wife in the type of needs and how to satisfy them, self-centeredness, differences in desires, behavioral schemas and irresponsible behavior towards marital relationship and marriage.The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of comparing the effectiveness of schema mode cards and the effectiveness of strength-based counseling on resilience in conflicted couples.

The purpose of the present research was applied and its method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with two experimental groups and a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included all the couples who referred to the counseling centers of the 3rd district of Tehran in the second half of the year 2021, and 30 couples were selected randomly in two experimental groups (10 couples each) and a control group (10 couples) ) were assigned. The research tools included Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), Connor and Davidson's (2003) Resilience Scale, Tabataeifar et al's. (2022) Schema Mode Cards training package, and strength-based counseling method conducted by Darbani and Parsakia (2022).

The findings indicate that the training of schema mode cards was effective on resilience. Also, the strength-based counseling was also effective on resilience, and the effectiveness of both approaches was stable in the follow-up phase according to Bonferroni's follow-up test. The results of the data analysis show that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of teaching schema mode cards and strength-based counseling on resilience, and both are equally effective (p<0.05).

Based on the available findings, it can be concluded that to increase resilience in conflicted couples, both methods of teaching schema mode cards and strength-based counseling can be used, and there is no significant difference between the two in the impact on the resilience of conflicted couples.

Drug abuse is a major issue and one of the main causes of health, psychological, and social problems. Studies have shown the effectiveness of narrative therapy in reducing psychological symptoms of addiction. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of group narrative therapy on depression, quality of life (QoL), and anxiety among people with amphetamine addiction in Kermanshah, Iran. A randomized clinical trial was conducted during 2015-2016 among patients (n=26) with amphetamine addiction in Kermanshah, Iran. The participants were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group followed 10 sessions of narrative therapy, whereas the control group received routine psychiatric care. The data collection tools included a demographic data form, Beck depression inventory-II, QoL questionnaire, and Beck anxiety inventory. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0). P There was a statistically significant reduction in depression and anxiety scores between the pre- and post-intervention stages (P<0.001) in the intervention group. However, their QoL was unaffected by the therapy (P=0.487). These variables did not show a significant change in the control group. Group narrative therapy reduced the level of depression and anxiety in patients with amphetamine addiction. However, their QoL was unaffected by the therapy. Trial Registration Number: IRCT2016010425442N2

cycle time management is amongst critical factors creating competitive advantages in network based business and manufacturing. In today’s competitive and dynamic environment, application of the resource sharing approach for reducing cycle time has become the focal point of attention for business managers. Meanwhile, today’s members of SCMs are trying hard to plan and manage time for creating a value stream from the point of supplying resources to the stage of delivering the final product to the customer. Standardizing and sharing product components and common platforms is of great assistance to this effort. This paper presents a conceptual model to contribute to making the decision and analyze the time effects of common platform approach as one of the critical success factors of a supply chain based on common platform (SCBCP).