h. ahmadvand

Reactive oxygen species are the main factors involved in kidney damage during renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR). Since D-limonene has antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-apoptotic, and lipid peroxidation effects, it prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibits ROS, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of pretreatment with D-limonene on oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in RIR injury.

In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, RIR (ischemia was induced by clamping of renal pedicles for 45 minutes and reperfusion was considered 24 hours after ischemia), and RIR+D-limonene (100 mg/kg by oral gavage for 12 days). Serum and kidney were used to evaluate malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), paraoxonase1 (PON1), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and nitric oxide (NO).

Serum and renal levels of MDA ([18.2±98.77 vs. 9.21±1.77] and [19.85±3.39 vs. 9.84±1.65]) and MPO ([67.25±32.67 vs. 40.21±6.1] and [18.44±2.86 vs. 10.42±1.68]) and serum level of NO (31.3±36.1 vs. 27.88±2.6) significantly increased in the RIR group compared with the control group (p<0.05). Serum and kidney levels of GSH, activities of CAT and GPX in serum and kidney, and serum activity of PON1 significantly decreased in the RIR group compared with the control group (p<0.05). Pretreatment with D-limonene could significantly ameliorate serum and renal levels of MDA, serum levels of GSH and NO, and serum activity of CAT in rats pretreated with D-limonene in comparison with RIR rats (p<0.05).

This study indicated that pretreatment with D-limonene could ameliorate RIR injuries in rats through its antioxidant activities.

Gentamicin is one of the aminoglycoside antibiotics that commonly causes nephrotoxicity. Antioxidants are effective in reducing gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the possible effect of L-Glutamine on the reduction of renal tissue damages and renal function recovery in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

In this experimental study, 32 rats were divided into four groups of eight: Sham group, Gentamicin group (100 mg/kg i.p for 12 days), L-Glutamine group (30 mg/kg by gavage for 12 days), Gentamicin+L-Glutamine group. Then through anesthesia, the blood sample was collected via cardiac and its serum was used to measure the BUN and creatinine levels. The kidney of the rat was used to measure malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and determine histopathological parameters.

Receiving gentamicin causes significant elevation in BUN, Creatinine, MDA of the kidney, tubular necrosis, eosinophilic cast, and leukocyte infiltration compared to sham group (p<0.05). CAT, GPX, and GSH in gentamicin group caused significant decrease compared to the sham group (p<0.05). Glutamine has significantly decreased the MDA level, and leukocyte infiltration compared to gentamicin group (p<0.05). Glutamine caused significant increase in GPX (CAT in group 4) compared to gentamicin group (p<0.05) and in group 3, BUN, tubular necrosis, eosinophilic caused significant decreases compared to gentamicin group (p<0.05).

Receiving L-Glutamine, 30 mg/kg orally for 12 days has an effective role in the reduction of kidney injuries induced by gentamicin.

Cobalt – palladium thin films with different Co:Pd ratio, CoxPd100-x (x=23, 36, 42), have been deposited on fused silica (amorphous SiO2) by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). For the structural characterization of the thin films, X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used and for investigation the magnetic characteristics of the films, physical properties measurement system (PPMS) is used. The results show that the thickness of the thin films is in the range of 16-20 nm and the crystal structure of the films is FCC. Also, the films have a [111] preferred growth direction. The study of the magnetic properties shows that the magnetic anisotropy tends to align in the perpendicular direction by the increase of Pd:Co ratio, which is attributed to the enhancement of the spin-orbit interaction. Also, in this work, the effect of thickness on the magnetic anisotropy is investigated.