h. dehghanzadeh

The development of sustainable animal husbandry plays an important role in establishing food security, improving welfare, increasing the income of rural households, improving productivity, creating job opportunities, creating links with other economic sectors, and rural development. In Iran, the issue of sustainable development of the animal husbandry industry and creating sustainability is one of the most important issues of the country because the animal husbandry industry is one of the most important sub-sectors of the agricultural industry, which produces the most important basic food of the country, i.e., red meat. The main goal of this research is to identify and prioritize the obstacles and problems of sustainable animal husbandry development in Guilan province. The development of the agriculture and animal husbandry industry is necessary to access a sufficient amount of food and energy and to cover the ever-increasing demand due to the increase in the population. Guilan province has a suitable capacity for the development of animal husbandry activities. Paying attention to the existing research gaps, by summarizing findings in this field, using the opinion of animal husbandry industry experts, and the application of the multi-indicator decision-making model, this study identified the obstacles and problems for the development of sustainable animal husbandry in Guilan province.

Various criteria have been introduced in previous research as key factors for the sustainable development of animal husbandry, the most important of which included structural, institutional, economic, cultural, social, environmental, macro goals and strategies, the process and cycles of providing inputs, and selling livestock products. The decision tree was drawn using the findings of similar studies and the opinions of provincial experts in this industry. The data collection tool is a questionnaire for pairwise comparisons of decision tree criteria and sub-criteria. To determine the weight of the criteria and sub-criteria included in the decision tree, the opinions of 10 experts in this field in Guilan province were collected and analyzed using the Fuzzy Hierarchy Process (FAHP). Fuzzy set theory is a mathematical theory designed to model the ambiguity of processes related to human knowledge. The decision maker can freely choose the range of desired values. Also, the uncertain judgment of the expert can be expressed by a fuzzy number. In this method, fuzzy numbers are used for the pairwise comparison of options, and the decision maker can express the pairwise comparisons of the elements of each level in the form of triangular fuzzy numbers. The decision tree for this research has five main criteria including institutional, environmental, social and cultural, structural, and economic factors, and 31 different sub-criteria. FAHP is a systematic method that uses the concepts of fuzzy set theory and hierarchical structure analysis. The calculated weights are a suitable basis for prioritizing the main obstacles and problems in the sustainable animal husbandry industry development of Guilan province. Modeling and obtaining the results were done in the MATLAB software.

The results of the research showed that from the point of view of experts, institutional and economic obstacles with the weights of 29.71% and 19.23%, respectively, are considered to be the most important obstacles to the development of sustainable animal husbandry in Guilan province. On the other hand, the sub-criteria of low attention to the animal husbandry sector in the provincial policies from the institutional criterion, the inappropriateness of the materials used, considering the weather conditions from the environmental criterion, the low status and job position of animal husbandry from the social and cultural criterion, the lack of high-yielding breeds consistent with the conditions of the region from the structural criterion, and the lack of adequate insurance coverage from the economic criterion have the highest rank among the sub-criteria.

The obtained results indicated the high level of obstacles and problems for the development of sustainable animal husbandry in Guilan province, which requires the attention of policymakers and the development of a policy package that fits the priorities determined in this study.

Given the legal requirement to implement the Health System Transformation Plan in hospitals across the country, which has been launched with the aim of improving the quality of health services and creating equity in access to medical services, the present study examines the relationship between the financial indicators of this plan and its effectiveness in hospitals affiliated with Zahedan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.

This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of the study includes hospitals affiliated with Zahedan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, which were selected in the years 2011 to 2017 according to the characteristics of the study. In this study, financial statements and explanatory notes accompanying the hospitals under study were used to collect data. Statistical analysis of the data was also performed through multivariate regression.

The study findings showed that after the implementation of the Health System Transformation Plan, the financial status of hospitals has improved in terms of liquidity index and capital structure, but there has been no change in terms of profitability index.

The implementation of the health system transformation plan has improved liquidity and capital structure in hospitals. Based on the effectiveness of the implementation of the transformation plan, it is recommended that the officials of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education follow up on the implementation of this plan and develop it.

To investigate the effects of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizers, and gibberellic acid (GA3) on yield and its components, and essential oil of Salvia officinalis L., a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Ghara Chay region, Markazi province, Iran. Experimental treatments included triple super phosphate at three levels (100, 70, and 30 % of the recommended amount), phosphorus bio-fertilizer of Barvar-2 at two levels (application and no application), and GA3 at three levels (0, 100, and 200 ppm). The results showed that Barvar-2, GA3, and triple super phosphate affected yield and its components, and essential oil significantly. The Barvar-2 application increased the yield and essential oil percentage by 7.7 and 18.2% compared to the control, respectively. It also resulted in a slight increase of the major essential oil compounds. Also, the GA3 200 ppm application increased the percentage and essential oil yield by 23.5 and 40.5% compared to the control, respectively. The highest biological yield and essential oil yield were obtained 3751 and 15.52 kg.ha-1, respectivley with the simultaneous application of 100% of the recommended triple super phosphate, Barvar-2, and GA3 200 ppm. The highest α-thujone percentage (27.91%) as the most important essential oil compound was obtained with the simultaneous application of 100% of the recommended triple super phosphate, Barvar-2, and GA3 100 ppm. The combined application of GA3 and Barvar-2 reduced the use of phosphorus chemical fertilizer to achieve better vegetative characteristics, and high yield and essential oil percentage, so that in many traits the simultaneous application of 70% of the recommended triple super phosphate, Barvar-2, and GA3 did not differ significantly from the 100% of the recommended triple super phosphate application. Therefore, with the combined use of GA3 200 ppm and Barvar-2, the amount of phosphorus fertilizer consumption could be reduced by 30% without causing a significant reduction in yield and essential oil of S. officinalis.

To study the phenotypic and genotypic variation of Iranian flixweld (Descurainia sophia L.) populations and the effect of complementary irrigation on their yield and yield components, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Naragh Branch, during 2017-2018 growing season. Irrigation at two levels of rainfed cultivation and cultivation with one complementary irrigation was considered as the main plot and flixweld populations at eight levels of Hamedan, Esfahan, Chadegan in Esfahan, Markazi, Abuzeid Abad in Kashan, Bashrouye, Nakhjiravan, and Khomein as sub-plots. The results showed that grain yield, biological yield, the number of siliqua, the number of grains per silique, 1000-grain weight, and the number of sub-stems increased by complementary irrigation. There was a high variation among flixweld populations in terms of different traits. The highest grain yield under complementary irrigation and rainfed conditions was observed in Chadegan and Khomein populations with 499.1 and 359.1 kg ha-1, respectively. Cluster analysis divided flixweld populations into four groups under rainfed conditions. Populations Hamedan, Esfahan, Boshrouyeh, and Khomein were placed in the first group, Nakhjiravan in the second group, Markazi and Abuzeid Abad in the third group, and Chadegan in the fourth one. The highest broad-sense heritability (68.4%) was obtained for grain yield and number of siliqua traits.