h. r. fanaei

Aram is a new oilseed rape cultivar, extracted from the R308 (earlness line) and RGS003 (high-yield cultivar) cross population through pedigree method in three years. To reach high-yielding and compatible lines and cultivars, preliminary and advanced investigations were carried out in Gorgan and Sari (2014-2015) and Zabol, Gorgan, Sari and Borazjan (2016-2017). The line SRL-93-12 (Aram cultivar) with a yield of 2955 kgha-1 and 2774 kgha-1 was the first in the above-mentioned tests, respectively, and the SRL-93-12 line was also recognized as the most stable genotype based on the lowest Lins and Binns superiority index and highest seed yield. Extension research project results on farmers' farms in Behbahan, Moghan, and Gorgan regions showed that the new line with 594 kgha-1 higher yield than the check cultivar was in the first rank. According to the results as well as desirable agronomic traits such as good tolerance to dormancy and uniformity in maturity, this line was released with the name Aram.

The south warm climate of Iran is one of the regions with the ability to grow spring oilseed rape cultivars. Cultivation of oilseed rape in this climate faces the problem of environmental stress such as terminal drought and heat stress. Therefore, in addition to yield, earliness is one of the important priorities to introducing spring oilseed rape cultivars in these areas. Asa (promising line SRL-93-4) is an early-maturing and relatively high-yielding cultivar that resulted from hybridization between R308 early-maturing spring line and Modena as a high-yielding winter cultivar. The segregated generations were conducted by pedigree method. Preliminary and adaptation trails showed that SRL-93-4 line was superior compared to check cultivars in the regions under study. In the adaptation trail, the SRL-93-4 line (with 2581 kgha-1 seed yield) showed a significant superiority over the control cultivar RGS003 (with 2155 kgha-1 seed yield). Also, it was found that the SRL-93-4 line was matured 11 days earlier than the check variety RGS003 on the average. The results of stability methods revealed that SRL-93-4 line was the high stable genotype. A field trial for Blackleg disease showed that the SRL-93-4 line had a relative tolerance to the Blackleg. Analysis of the fatty acids profile showed that SRL-93-4 seed oil had a level of erucic acid close to zero, and in terms of the composition of fatty acids, it was within the standard range, but with more oleic acid and less linolenic acid compared to the RGS003 variety. Also, the amount of glucosinolate of the meal was less than standard level. The results of the on-farm trails in Zahak and Zabol regions of the Sistan and Baluchestan province showed that SRL-93-4 line (with 2200 kgha-1 seed yield) had a non-significant difference seed yield with Dalgan check cultivar (with 2361 kgha-1 seed yield); But it was eight days earlier than the check variety. Therefore, due to the desirable characteristics such as early maturity, relative tolerance to Blackleg disease and good performance, the new promising line SRL-93-4 which released as Asa variety is recommended for cultivation in the south warm regions of the country.

Saffar (Zabol 10b line) variety was obtained by pedigree method from Goliath×19H cross. Based on preliminary evaluation, this variety showed significant earlier maturity (13 day), in 2010-2011, compared to the other lines of canola. Based on adaptability expieriments in Zabol, Safiabad, Behbahan, Boushehr, Gorgan, Gonbad, Sari and Moghan regions in 2011-2012, its grain yield had not significant difference from control variety RGS, but had a high early maturity. The new variety had a lower rank variance which indicates the Less performance fluctuations and stability in different years and regions compared to control variety RGS. Saffar cultivar with 165 days growth period was 12 days earlier in maturity than control variety RGS in warm south and north regions. The oil content of new variety was 43.15%, which has not significant difference with control variety RGS but in terms of having higher amounts of oleic acid and lower amounts of linolenic acid, it has a better quality. The field response of new variety to stem sclerotinia disease showed good relative tolerance in the north climate, which has significant difference with control variety RGS. Based on outstanding features such as yield stability, early maturity, possibility of escaping from drought and heat in the last season, saving at least one irrigation stage and uniformity in maturity, this line was released with the name of Saffar in 2018 and recommended for late cultivation in warm areas with short growing seasons in warm south and north climate zones of the country such as the south of Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan, Hormozgan, Khuzestan and Gorgan.

To evaluate response of seed yield, oil content and oil yield of eight safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars; Goldashat, Parnian, Padideh, Golmehr, Sofeh, Mexico 6, Faraman and Mexico 13 to saline irrigation water (5.5-6.0 ds m-1) using randomized complete block design with three replications in Zahak agricultural research station, Iran, in 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons. Combined analysis of variance showed that there was significant (P < 0.01) differences between safflower cultivars for all traits. The highest seed yield belonged to cv. Goldashat, cv. Parnian and Faraman with mean of 2753, 2407 and 2326 kg ha-1, respectively. The highest oil content belonged to cv. Faraman and cv. Mexico 13, respectively. The seeds no. head-1 (r = 0.64**), 1000 seed weight (r = 0.60**), and oil yield (r = 0.91**) had strong significant positive correlation with seed yield. Goldasht had the highest seed no. head-1, 1000 seeds weight and highest seed yield in comparison with other cultivars. Therefore, cv. Goldasht was identified as a suitable safflower cultivar for being grown under saline irrigation water conditions in Sistan region.

The phenomenon of genotype × environment interaction has important implications for selection of superior genotypes which remains as one of the main goals of crop breeding programs. To investigate the seed yield stability of promising spring rapeseed lines in four field stations in southern warm and dry and northern warm and humid agro-climatic zones of Iran. Sixteen open pollinated spring promising rapeseed lines were sown in randomized complete block design with three replications in two cropping cycles (2015-16 and 2016-17). Combined analysis of variance revealed that the effect of environment on seed yield was significant (P < 0.01). Genotype × environment interaction effect was also significant (P < 0.01) on seed yield. GGE biplot analysis identified four mega-environments; Gorgan (Line G8), Sari (Line G4), Sari-Zabol (Line G13) and Zabol (Line G7). Lines G4 (Asa), G8 (Roshana) and G13 (Aram) with average seed yield of 2714, 3349 and 3817 kg ha-1, respectively, had higher seed yield and yield stability. Line G4 had the highest seed yield stability. Line G11 (RGS003) with 2155 kg ha-1 was identified as low yielding with low seed yield stability. Generally, grouping of spring rapeseed lines based on genotype × environment interaction using GGE biplot analysis is a useful approach for selection and releasing of spring rapeseed cultivars with high seed yield potential and yield stability for target environments.

In order to estimate the production function of canola and Indian mustard under low irrigation, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely random blocks in three replications during two growing seasons, 2013 and 2014, in the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station of Zahak, Sistan and Baluchistan province , Iran. The tested factors were the irrigation regime at three levels (irrigation after 50%, 70%, and 90% of soil moisture depletion by the plant, SWD); potassium rate at three levels of application (0, 150, and 250 kg potassium sulfate/ha), and their interaction effect on two species of the Brassica genus including oilseed rape (Hyola hybrid 401) and mustard (the native cultivar of India). In this paper, the effects of low irrigation on production functions, costs, profits, and revenue of both Hindi Rape and mustard were investigated. Four tyip types of production function were considered including Quadratic, Traonlog, Cobb-Douglas and Leontieof. And by using econometric tests, the best form of function in terms of its processing fitness in rape and mustard was identified as the quadratic function. The economic analysis results showed that 70% SWD treatment and 90% SWD with application of 250 kg potassium sulfate fertilizer, respectively, had the highest profit in terms of the consumed water and the benefit to cost ratio, so, they were introduced as the superior treatments in production of canola and mustard.

In order to study the effect of harvesting time on yield and yield components of oilseed rape, an split–plot experiment on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Zahak Agircultural Research Station of Zabol during two cropping seasons (2002-2003 and 2003-2004). Two cultivars Sarigol (pf/7047) and (Hyola 308) were main plots and seven harvest times T1: harvest in 10% seed color change in siliques of main stem, T2: harvest three days after T1 stage, T3: harvest six days after T1 stage, T4: harvest nine days after T1 stage, T5: harvest twelve days after T1 stage, T6: harvest fifteen days after T1 and T7: harvest eighteen days after T1 stage were sub plots of the experiment. The Results showed significant differences on siliqua number in plant, 1000 seed weight, seed yield and oil yield from aspect of harvest time. Delay in harvest time caused decrease in seed yield, siliqua number in plant and 1000 seed weight. T3 had 33% and 32% higher yield than T6 and T7, respectively. Cultivars had significant differences for seed number in siliqua, seed yield, oil percent and oil yield. Hyola 308 with 3553 kgha-1 had 21% more yield than Sarigol. Oil percentage did not show significant difference in different harvest times. Oil yield changes in different harvest times followed the same manner as did seed yield. Other traits did not also show differences. Considering the results, harvesting 3-6 days after 10 percent seed color change in main stem siliques(30-40 % seed color change, approximately) and use of early maturity hybrids or cultivars are recommended for Sistan area and similar regions